chapter 7. representative elements of the same groups usually have the same ionic charges. group...
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![Page 1: Chapter 7. Representative elements of the same groups usually have the same ionic charges. Group 1: H +, Li +, Na + Group 2: Be 2+, Mg 2+,](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062713/56649cd75503460f9499f33b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ionic Compounds and Metals
Chapter 7
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Ion Formation
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The Octet Rule
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Formation of Ionic Bonds
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Representative elements of the same groups usually have the same ionic charges.
Group 1: H+, Li+, Na+
Group 2: Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+
Group 15: N3-, P3-, As3-
Group 16: O2-, S2-, Se2-
Group 17: F-, Cl-, Br-
Transition elements can usually have more than one charge. Example Fe2+ and Fe3+
Common Ions and their charges
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Most transition metals can have a few different charges.
Example: Fe2+, Fe3+
Fe2O3
FeO
Transition Metal Ions
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Names and Formulas of Ionic Compounds
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Polyatomic ions are ions that are made up of more than one atom.
Ammonium: NH4+
Nitrite: NO2-
Nitrate: NO3-
Hydroxide: OH-
Hypochlorite: ClO-
Polyatomic Ions
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Chlorite: ClO2-
Chlorate: ClO3-
Perchlorate: ClO4-
Carbonate: CO32-
Sulfite: SO32-
Sulfate: SO42-
Peroxide: O22-
PO43-
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NH4Cl
Fe(NO3)3
TiBr3
Pb(SO4)2
Chromium (VI) Phosphate
Tin (II) Nitrate
Cobalt (III) Oxide
Chromium (III) Hydroxide
Practice
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Barium Carbonate
Aluminum Hydroxide
Copper (I) Sulfide
Lead (II) Phosphate
Zinc (II) Iodide
Chromium (III) Sulfite
NH4Br
NaClO3
Fe2S3
AgNO3
CuF2
Ni(ClO)3
Ru3(PO4)4
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Covalent bondingChapter 8
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What is a covalent bond?
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Naming Molecules
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Naming Practice CO2
SO2
NF3
CCl4
What is the formula of Diarsneic trioxide?
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Fluorine Fluorine, and some other common
elements, usually exist as a molecule of F2.
Fluorine’s electron configuration is….
Fluorine’s structure is…
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Lewis Structures
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Draw the lewis structures for the following molecules.
PH3
HCl
PBr3
CCl4
SiH4
NH3
NF3
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Lewis Structures of Polyatomic Ions To draw a lewis structure of a polyatomic
ion we first figure out how many valence electrons we have, then add or subtract electrons to account for the charge.
SO42-
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Exceptions to the octet rule A small group of molecules have have an
odd number of valence electrons and be unable to form an octet around each atom.
NO2
An other group of molecules have expanded octets.
SF6