chapter 7 risk assessment and additional...

M/s. Vasishta Environ Care – Bio Medical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF)

Final EIA report

31 of 164Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd

CHAPTER 7

RISK ASSESSMENT ANDADDITIONAL STUDIES


Final EIA report

Page 132 of 164Shivalik Solid Waste Management Ltd

7. RISK ASSESSMENT AND ADDITIONAL STUDIES

Public Consultation: The proposed CBMWTF is allotted within notified APSEZ industrialarea for which public hearing was already done. So the public hearing for this project isexempted.

As per generic structure of the EIA/EMP report prescribed in EIA Notification dated14.09.2006, this chapter is to comprise of risk assessment & disaster management. Thepresent document is final EIA report prepared for obtaining EC from Andhra PradeshSEIAA.

7.1 Risk Analysis and Disaster Management Plan

Hazard analysis involves the identification and quantification of the various hazards (unsafeconditions). On the other hand, risk analysis deals with identification and computation ofconsequence and risks. Risk analysis follows an extensive hazard analysis. This requires athorough knowledge of probability of failure, credible accident scenario, vulnerability ofpopulation to exposure etc. Much of this information is difficult to get or generate.Consequently, the risk analysis is often confined to maximum credible accident studies. Itprovides basis for preparation of site and off-site emergency plan and also to incorporatesafety measures.

Biomedical Waste Treatment and allied activities within the premises of the CommonBiomedical Waste Treatment Facility (CBWTF), are associated with several potentialhazards to both the employees and the public. A worker in a CBWTF site should be able towork under conditions, which are adequately safe and healthy. At the same time theenvironmental conditions should be such as not to impair his working efficiency. This ispossible only when there is adequate safety in CBWTF site.

As per the Gazette Notification dated 16th March 2016 of Bio-Medical Waste (Management &Handling) Rules, 2016 as amended, under the Environment (Protection) Act1986, everyoccupier of a health care establishment (HCE) shall either setup requisite bio-medical wastetreatment facilities onsite or ensure requisite treatment of the bio-medical waste at anapproved common treatment facility. No untreated bio-medical waste shall be kept storedbeyond a period of 48hours.

Following additional studies have been included in this report to support environment impactassessment and environment management plan for the sustainability of the naturalenvironment.

Risk assessment Disaster Management Plan Onsite and offsite emergency action plan

7.2 Objective of the Study

The main objectives of the Risk Assessment Studies are as given below:


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1. To identify the potential hazards and their sources.2. To define various accident release scenarios with respect to the hazard.3. To assess the damage caused by the source in the event of accidents.4. To devise strategies for the prevention of the accidents.5. To define and assess emergencies, including risk impact assessment.6. To control and contain incidents.7. To safeguard employees and people in vicinity.8. To minimize damage to property and environment.9. To inform the employees, the general public and the authority about the hazards /

risk assessed, safeguards provided, residual risk if any and the role to be played inthem in the event of emergency.

10. To ensure safety of the workers before personnel re-enter and resume work.11. To work out a plan with all provisions to handle emergencies and to provide for

emergency preparedness and the periodical rehearsal of the plan.

7.3 Philosophy and Methodology of Risk Assessment

Risk is defined as the probability of an adverse event due to disturbances in the environment.One can also describe risk with the following expression.

Risk = Severity of event (Hazard) x Exposure

Major hazard installations have to be operated to a very high degree of safety; this is the dutyof the management. In addition, management holds a key role in the organization andimplementation of a major hazard control system. In particular, the management has theresponsibility to,

I. Provide the information required to identify major hazard installations;II. Carry out hazard assessment;III. Report to the authorities on the results of the hazard assessment;IV. Set up an emergency plan;V. Take measures to improve plant safety.

7.4 Transportation system with proposal of safety measures and appropriate wastehandling system

There will be use of approx.4 vehicles daily for transportation of bio-medical waste. Thesevehicles are for collection of bio medical waste from various medical establishments for 24Hrs. The Vehicles shall be designed as per following CPCB norms:

Separate cabins for driver/staff and the bio medical waste. There shall be provisionof bulkhead between the driver’s cabin and the vehicle body, which shall bedesigned to retain the load if the vehicle is involved in a collision.

The base of the waste cabin shall be leak proof and is easy to wash and disinfect. The inner surface of the waste cabin shall be made of smooth surface to minimize

water retention. The vehicles shall be properly labeled with the symbol of Biohazard as per schedule


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III of the Rules and display the name, address and telephone number of theCompany.

The waste cabin shall have provision for sufficient opening from rear side so thatBiomedical Waste can be easily loaded and unloaded.

The vehicles shall be provided with the first aid kit to handle emergency situations. Empty plastic bags, suitable protective clothing, cleaning equipment, tools, and

disinfectant, together with special kits for dealing with liquid spills, shall be carried ina separate compartment in the vehicle.

Vehicles or containers used for the transportation of biomedical waste shall not beused for the transportation of any other material. They shall be kept locked at alltimes, except when loading and unloading.

7.5 ODOR CONTROL:

Odor normally generated from the biomedical waste

As per BMW Rules the waste should be treated within 48 hrs. of its generation. Daily washing of waste collecting containers, vehicle compartment and floor of store

room. Closed cabin vehicles shall be used for the collection and transportation of bio-

medical wastes. Mask shall be provided to workers to avoid health issues due to odour. Hygienic conditions shall be maintained. Green Belt/Plantation

7.6 Identification of Hazard

The first step in risk assessment is to identify the types of adverse health effects that can becaused by exposure to some agent in question, and to characterize the quality and weight ofevidence supporting this identification.

7.6.1 Major Hazards

Facility would be to collect and dispose infectious bio-medical waste through shredding,autoclaving and incineration. A hazardous materials any item or agent (biological, chemical,physical) which has the potential to cause harm to humans, animals, or the environment,either by virtue of its intrinsic property or through interaction with other factors. The potentialhazards associated with the facility are primarily classified into:

Chemical Hazard: Physical Hazard:a. Toxicity a. Health Hazard due to Infectionb. Flammable b. Noise

c. MSDd. Electrical Hazard


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The details of process and vessel hazards and their health concerns are summarized in

Table 7-1 & Table 7-2

Table 7-1 Process &Vessel Hazards and Control

Sr.No.

Name ofplant

HazardousProcess

Andoperation

Materialsin the

process/Operationwith theirquantity

Name ofThe Vessel

and itslocation

Operatingparameters

Type ofhazardspossible

Controlmeasuresprovided

1 Incinerationplant

Incineration Yellowcategorywaste

Primaryandsecondarychamber,incinerationarea

Temp.Primarychamber850oCSecondarychamber1050oC

Fire,Explosion,Burn

FullyautomaticPLC &SCADAcontrol

EmergencyLocal stop

Fireextinguisher(CO2) PPE

2 Auto-Clave Sterilization Redcategorywaste

Auto Clave Temp.135oCPressure2.2 kg/cm2

FireHealthHazard

Fullyautomatic

Computerbasedautomation

EmergencyLocal stop

PPE

Table 7-2 Hazards and Its Health Concern

Sr. No.Name of thepossiblehazard

Reason Effects Place ofEffect Control Measures

1 TransformerBlast/ Fire

Electric shortcircuit/PowerFluctuation

Burning,Personnelinjury, Fire

WithinTransformeryard

Regular inspection ofelectrical equipments

PPE Emergency provision of

fire extinguishers andfire brigade fromoutside sources

2Building/Structurecollapse

Corrosion/Erosion

Personnel injuryMaterialDamage

Within thepremises

Regular inspection ofthe structure

And regularmaintenance ofbuilding

3 Earthquake NaturalPersonnel injuryMaterialDamage

OperatingPlant Earthquake proof plant

4 Cyclone Natural Personnel injury Operating Design of plant with


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MaterialDamage

Plant consideration of wind

5 Flood NaturalPersonnel injuryMaterialDamage

OperatingPlant

Drainage system tomake way for water

7.7 Fire Fighting System

Management to take into consideration for fire prevention measures at the project planningand during plant commissioning sate to avoid any outbreak of fire. However looking to theoperation the chances of outbreak of fire cannot be totally refuted

7.8 Risk Assessment and Mitigation Measures

Workers handling and disposing biomedical waste are at potential risk of exposure toinfection from sharps-related accidents or when containers of waste burst, open and leak, orspills of certain waste materials occur. Exposure to a needle or other sharp objectcontaminated with the blood of an infectious person presents the greatest potential risk fortransmission of HBV, HIV, and other blood borne pathogens to the health-care worker andwaste handler.

Mitigation measures:

Company will take reasonable steps to reduce the risk of exposure to infection byestablishing written policies and procedures based upon the most currently accepted clinicaland occupational health and safety information in consultation with workers, handling anddisposing of biomedical waste. These policies and procedures will be reviewed and updatedregularly, with compliance to their requirements verified as necessary.

Regular instruction, information’s and training will be given to employees like,

Personal hygiene, especially washing hands, wearing apron; The facility's procedures for the reduction, segregation, collection, packaging, color-

coding, labeling, storage, and in-house movement of waste; Methods for preventing the transmission of infections related to wastehandling

procedures; The hazards of those materials to which workers maybe exposed; and The actions to be taken and which supervisory staff should be notified in the event of

an accident.

Mitigation measures to minimize the occupational health risks associated with the handlingand disposal of biomedical waste are:

Include a regular assessment of waste management procedures to assurecompliance with applicable standards and all applicable federal, territorial andmunicipal regulations and legislation;

Use of personal protective equipment and hand washing facilities for workersinvolved in various stages of waste handling and disposal;


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A written procedure to handle and report needle stick injuries and other waste-handling incidents. Injuries caused by needle sticks and sharp instruments will bedocumented, reviewed, and changes implemented to prevent similar incidents in thefuture;

Emphasize the need for point of generation segregation so that waste is placedwithin an appropriate waste container;

Type and quality of waste containers will be review regularly, if necessary it will beupgraded to more suitable container;

Handling practices will be reviewed regularly to determine problems of inappropriatehandling. If so, modify the handling techniques

Make sure that waste haulers and handlers will always be proper clothed and wear personalprotective equipment so that harmful agents, whether physical, chemical, or infectious, areprevented from gaining access to open wounds, cuts, or by absorption through the skin.Personal protective equipment may include cut proof gloves, gowns, safety glasses,protective footwear, etc.

A course of Hepatitis B (HBV) vaccine will be offered to all employees dealing with handlingand disposing of biomedical waste who are at risk of exposure to human blood, bloodproducts, or body secretions.

Two-handed recapping of needles will be avoided. Appropriate protective equipment, viz.,dust masks, heavy gloves and safety shoes with puncture-proof toes and soles to avoidinjury to Staff who is responsible for loading and cleaning out incinerators.

Mitigation measures to minimize risk in case of spillage of infectious fluid are

Visible material will be first removed with disposable towels or otherappropriate means that prevents direct contact with blood. If splashing is anticipated,both protective eyewear and clothing will be worn.

The area will be decontaminated with an appropriate germicide. Hands will be washed after gloves are removed. Soiled cleaning equipment will be cleaned and decontaminated or placed in an

appropriate container for disposal. Plastic waste-holding bags will be made available for removing contaminated items

from the site of the spill.

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