Chapter 7:

Stats

Alcohol and Illicit Drug Use (AIDU) The highest risk of illicit drug use is

between the ages of 12 and 25 years.

Stats

90% of all drug users have used marijuana at some point

Drugs and Crime

75% of adult males arrested for violent crimes in NY tested positive for drugs

Half of all domestic violence involves drugs

75% of evidence being evaluated in crime labs in US is from drug related crimes

Drugs defined

Drug any natural or synthetic substance

designed to affect humans psychologically or physically

Some drugs are able to pass through your body and into your brain and affect neurotransmitters (chemical signals in brain)

Vocab

Any drug in excessive amounts is a poison

Poison any substance in body that negatively

affects metabolism. Bad for you! Study of poisons: toxicology!

Metabolism ALL chemical reactions in your body,

breaks down drugs

A quote

All substances are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison from a remedy” -Parcelsus

Vocab

Illicit drug taken only for pleasure. No medicinal

value Controlled substance

any drug restricted by law

Schedule of controlled subst.Federal: DEA DEA: Drug Enforcement

Administration

Schedule I drugs: No acceptable medical use High abuse risk Heroin/Marijuana

Schedule II drugs: Prescription must be written in ink

and signed High abuse narcotics (pain killers) Severe psychotic or physical

dependence

Schedule III: Prescription can be in pencil Small amount of narcotic in it

(tylenol + codeine)

Schedule IV and V: May not need prescription

Addiction

Addiction: physiological and/or psychological need or dependence on something with the desire for MORE!

Hard drugs are physically addictive Heroine, morphine, cocaine, nicotine

Soft drugs are not physically addictive Marijuana, LSD, Mescaline

Psychological addiction Caffeine, ketamine, marijuana

Physiological vs. Physchological Physiological effects: withdrawal

symptoms You can physically withdraw from

something and not be addicted if you are not psychologically addicted

Psychological effects: perceived NEED

Drug classifications

Class A Highly addictive, Very dangerous POSSESSION: up to 7 yrs in prison DEALING: up to life in prison Example: Heroin, Morphine, GHB, Special

K

Class B Highly addictive, moderate danger POSSESSION: up to 5 yrs in prison DEALING: up to 14 years in prison Example: Cocaine, LSD, Ecstasy,

Oxycontin/oxycodone, Amphetamine, & Methamphetamine

Class C Not physically addictive POSSESSION: up to 2 years in prison DEALING: up to 14 years in prison Example: xanax, vicodin, mescaline,

mushrooms

Class D POSSESSION: under 1 ounce = violation More than an ounce = up to 6 months DEALING: up to 2 ½ years Example: marijuana

Hallucinogens

Change normal thought and senses Marijuana: THC is the active ingredient

Hash oil: 50% THC LSD: found in fungus Ergot that grows on

grain (salem witch trials) flashbacks

PCP: feel no pain, causes memory loss, paranoia

Ecstasy (MDMA): Synthetic, confusion, memory loss, increased bp & heart rate

Ketamine (Special K): club drug like MDMA, GHB, rufies, LSD, causes delerium and amnesia

Stimulants

Stimulate the Central Nervous System Increase heart rate Increase blood pressure Anxiety Examples: cocaine, crack, meth

Cocaine comes from coca plant, take 500 lbs of leaves to make 1 lb of coke

Nicotine and Caffeine are stimulants that are not controlled substances

METH FACE

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/meth/body/

Depressants

Depress Central Nervous System Slow heart rate Decrease blood pressure Slow reaction time Slower mental processing Hinder memory Examples: alcohol (not controlled

substance), tranquilizers, barbituates (downers), benzos

Narcotics/analgesics

Pain relievers: affect Central Nervous System

Opiates, morphine, codeine, HEROIN, oxycodon, percoset

Overdoses can cause death Mild anelgesics are OTC: tylenol,

aspirin

OUCH!

Drugs like meth and heroin actually REWIRE your brain

Becomes nearly impossible to feel any pleasure due to damaged dopamine receptors

Neurotransmitters

http://faculty.plattsburgh.edu/donald.slish/DA.html

http://www.naabt.org/education/effects-of-heroin.cfm

http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/hero.html