Cells & TransportChapter 7.1, 7.2, & 7.4

Do Now

○ How big is a cell?○ How many cells are we made of?○ How many cells is the smallest

living organism made of?

Objectives

○ Describe how cells were discovered and named.

○ Compare and contrast light microscopes vs. electron microscopes.

○ Explain what is found in a basic cell.

Cells!

Bacteria cell

Nerve cell

Egg cell

37 Trillion!

How big is cell in relation to things I know?Cell Size

www.cellsalive.com

Objectives

○ 1. SWBAT compare and contrast prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

○ 2. SWBAT compare and contrast plant and animal cells.

Extra Resources:Animation 1Animation 2

Video 1 Video 2 Video 3

What are the differences between these two cells?Make a T chart comparing the two cells

Cell A Cell B

7.1 Cells, Prokaryote & Eukaryote

○ A. Prokaryote- “Before nucleus”, Bacteria, Has a nuclear region● Simple structure● Has Circular DNA● Contains a plasma membrane and

ribosomes● Does not contain organelles

I. All cells are either Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic

EUKARYOTE

○ B. Eukaryote- “True nucleus”, has a membrane bound DNA containing organelle (nucleus)● More complex structure● Contains Plasma membrane● Animal cells and plant cells -most other

cells besides bacteria● Contains organelles (mitochondria,

nucleus, etc.)

Most Single Celled Organisms are Prokaryotes!

Prokaryotes● Bacteria● Archaea

Eukaryotes ● Yeast● Paramecia● Amoeba

C. Compare and contrast prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

Prokaryote Eukaryote

What are the differences between these two cells?Make a T chart comparing the two cells.

Cell A Cell B

II. Animal vs. Plant Cell

○ A. Animal Cells● Round/irregular shape● Only cell membrane (no cell wall)● Has centrioles and lysosomes● Very small vacuoles

II. Animal vs. Plant Cell

○ B. Plant Cells● Has a cell wall AND cell membrane● Has chloroplasts and chlorophyll

○ Used for photosynthesis● No centrioles ● Rectangular shape● 1 large vacuole

II. Animal vs. Plant Cells

Animal Plant

Do Now

Create a concept chart (Flow Chart) using the following words:

○ Prokaryote, Eukaryote, Plant/animal cells, bacteria, circular DNA, DNA in nucleus, nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, membrane bound organelles

Sample Questions

Date of Quiz →

○ Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote cells○ Plants vs. Animal Cells (Lab)○ Microscope Parts○ How to use a Microscope

Video - How to use a microscope

Do Now

Label Me!

Do Now

○ What organelles are specific to:● plant cells ● Animal cells

○ Explain the major differences in cell walls and cell membranes.

Do Now

1. Do cells communicate?2. Provide an example of cells

communicating3. How do they communicate?

Objectives

○ SWBAT define phospholipid bilayer and be able to draw the bilayer.

○ SWBAT explain how different types of substances cross the membrane.

Extra Resources:Animation 1

Video 1 Video 2

7.2 Plasma membrane

○ I. Goal:● A. Maintains internal environment

different from external environment● B. Regulates what molecules enter

and exit the cell.● C. Made of a phospholipid bilayer

II. Phospholipid

○ A. Made of: Gylcerol, 2 fatty acid chains, and a phosphate group

○ 1. “Phospho”-HydrophillicPolar (heads)

○ 2. “lipid”-HydrophobicNon-polar (tails)

THINK – PAIR – SHARE How do fats travel in the blood?

○ See if you could use phospholipids to show how fats travel in the blood.

(Think about the phospholipid structure)

○ Try to draw it!

If you wanted to create a line of fats with water on both sides of the line, HOW WOULD YOU DRAW THIS USING

phospholipids?

THINK – PAIR – SHARE Taking it further…

B. Monolayer

○ Fatty Acids○ Cholesterol○ How blood can transport

Fats in bulk!

Water

C. Bilayer

Fats (hydrophobic)

Water or other hydrophilic substances

Water or other hydrophilic substances

Do Now

○ What is the cell membrane made of?○ What is the purpose of the cell

membrane?○ What does it mean to be selective?

Objectives

○ SWBAT define phospholipid bilayer and be able to draw the bilayer.

○ SWBAT explain how different types of substances cross the membrane.

III. Selective Permeability

▪ A. Controls the movement of substances into and out of cell

▪ B. Controls AMOUNT of substances entering and leave the cell

The bilayer makes up the plasma membrane that surrounds the cell!

Which of the 4 organic molecules do you see in the plasma membrane?

IV. Parts of the cell membrane

Prevents fatty acid tails from sticking togetherA. Cholesterol

Identify chemical signals

B. Carbohydrates

Help move larger and/or charges substances across the cell membrane

C. Proteins

V. Fluid Mosaic Model

● A. What the phospholipid bilayer is referred to since it describes the membrane and components of it○ Mosaic = pattern of molecules on the surface○ Fluid = ability to flow

● B. Proteins, carbs, and cholesterol can move around within the membrane

Fluid Mosaic Model Animation

Conclusion activity

Do Now

○ What is diffusion?

○ Provide an example of diffusion.

Do Now - Label the different parts.

○ What is the name of the entire structure?

Objectives

○ 1. SWBAT identify the types of molecules in the cell membrane.

○ 2. SWBAT identify how molecules cross the membrane.

○ 3. SWBAT model diffusion by moving about the room.

Extra Resources - Diffusion Animation 1Animation 2Video 1

I. Diffusion RULEA. Diffusion-● 1. Movement of molecules from

High concentration to Low Concentration by random motion

7.4 Celluar Transport

Diffusion RULE

B. Dynamic Equilibrium-continues movement but no NET overall change

Initial Conditions

DiffusionLow High

High Low

C. Diffusion is controlled by

○ 1. Temperature

○ 2. Pressure

○ 3. Concentration

○ 4. Size and Charge of molecules

Let’s Act Out Diffusion…

Think-Pair-Share

You can smell food when molecules from the food enter your nose.

● A). explain how the molecules get from the food to your nose (use diffusion!)

● b). Would the smell be stronger or weaker if you stood closer to the food? Explain your answer.

● c) Why do some warmer foods emit more of a smell than colder foods?

Do Now

○ Explain what happens when you put a tea bag in a hot cup of water. Use the word diffusion.

Objectives - LAB

1. SWBAT use simple tests for starch and sugar.2. SWBAT to observe the results of diffusion through a dialysis membrane.3. SWBAT determine permeability of a nonliving membrane for glucose, iodine, and starch.

Objectives1. SWBAT distinguish between the different types of diffusion including active transport (facilitated diffusion).2. SWBAT discuss osmosis and the different types of solutions (hypertonic, isotonic, and hypotonic solutions).3. SWBAT practice osmosis.

Extra Resources: Animation 1 Animation 3 Animation 2 Animation 4

Video 1 Video 2

II. Passive Transport

▪ Movement of particles across the cell membrane without using energy

Diffusion of Water

A. Diffusion of Water● Water can move right through the

phospholipids from high to low concentration

B. Facilitated Diffusion

▪ Movement of materials across the plasma membrane using proteins

Carrier ProteinsChannel Proteins

Transport Proteins

○ 1. Channel Proteins-● Pores that allow charged ions to pass

through the membrane○ 2. Carrier Proteins-

● Change shape to help molecules pass through the membrane

III. Active Transport

○ A. Specific protein can pump molecules across the membrane

○ B. Usually in opposite direction of diffusion (Low concentration to high concentration)

○ C. Requires ENERGY (ATP)

D. Sodium Potassium Pump

1. Type of Active Transport2. Moves three Na+ ions out of the cell and two K+ ions into the cell

Sodium Potassium Pump Cont.

Sodium = Na+ ion Potassium = K+ ion

Animation 1

Animation 2

Do Now

1. The phospholipid “sea” in which embedded substances float

A. Transport proteins

2. A molecule that has gylcerol backbone, two fatty acids, and phosphate

B. Phospholipid bilayer

3. Move substances through the plasma membrane

C. Phospholipids

4. Two layers of phospholipids arranged tail-to-tail

D. Fluid Mosaic Model

III. Osmosis

● A. Water always flows via osmosis from HIGH water concentration to LOW water concentration through a semipermeable membrane.

○

http://www.stolaf.edu/people/giannini/flashanimat/transport/osmosis.swf

Osmosis continued…

● B. Water will shift to where there is more solutes (inside or outside of the cell in this example)

● C. Water moves to reach dynamic equilibrium

22% Salt

5% Salt

H2O H2O

Objectives

○ SWBAT identify isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic solutions.

○ SWBAT answer practice osmosis problems.○ SWBAT define cytolysis and plasmolysis.

Extra Resources:Animation 1

Video 1

Blood CellPlant Cell

1. Isotonic Solution

D. Tonicity Function

● Water and dissolved substances diffuse into and out of the cell at the same rate.

11,397x

Blood Cell

2. Hypotonic Solution

● Solute concentration is lower● Hypo = hippo!

Plant Cell

13,000x

Plant Cell

3. Hypertonic Solution

● Solute concentration is higher

Blood Cell

13,000x

THINK-PAIR-SHARE3 Types of Solutions

Cell in ________ Solution

Cell in ________ Solution

Cell in ________ Solution

H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O

For each solution, determine if the solute concentration of the solution is high, the same, or low as compared the cell.

Do Now

What is the movement of water called?

Where will the water flow?

22% Salt

35% Salt

18% Salt

45% Salt

4. What can happen to a cell...

a. Plasmolysis: State where cells shrink in hypertonic environment

b. Cytolysis: State where cells Burst in hypotonic environment

Do Now

○ For the following examples:● Which way is the water moving● What kind of cell solution (outside)?● What is going to happen to the cells?

2% Salt

3% Salt

12% Salt

9% Salt

28% Salt

18% Salt

A. B. C.

E. Osmotic Pressure

○ 1. Pressure builds up as water moves in and out via Osmosis

○ 2. In plants called Turger Pressure

Do Now○ A. How many Na+ are pumped? ○ B. From Where?○ C. How many K+ are pumped?○ D. From Where?

Do Now

○ What types of transport require transport proteins?

○ Why are transport proteins required for that type of transport?

Do Now

○ Starch is impermeable to the membrane. However, salt and water can cross the membrane.● What’s going to move? ● Where?● Type of solutions surround each cell?

10% Salt

15% Salt

2% Starch

5% Starch

15% Salt

15% Salt

Objectives

○ SWBAT differentiate between endocytosis and exocytosis.

○ SWBAT answer multiple choice questions to help them study for their upcoming test.

○ SWBAT create a concept chart of diffusion.

Extra Resources:Animation 1 Video 1

Usually Transported by

Vesicles

A. Endocytosis-Into the cell

B. Exocytosis-Exiting the cell

IV. Transport of Large Molecules

C. Type of Endocytosis:

○ 1. Phagocytosis:● a. solid particles ● b. Usually results in a food vacuole

Type of Endocytosis: (cont.)○ 2. Pinocytosis:

● a. Liquid particles● b. Usually results in vesicles

Concept Map of Diffusion

○ ***** Smartboard ******

Do Now

○ What happens to your fingers after swimming in the ocean too long?

○ Why?○ What happens to pasta after you cook it?

○ Why?