Chapter 8

Kingdom Protista

Protist – a single or many celled organism that lies in moist or wet surroundings

Eukaryotic Plant like Animal like Fungus like Some contain chlorophyll Some do not have

chlorophyll

Evolution of Protists

Evolved from bacteria b/c they are more advanced than bacteria

Cyanobacteria evolved into plantlike protists Protists are the ancestors of fungus, plants and

animals

Plantlike Protists

Also known as algae Autotrophs Desmid Spirogyra,

Pediastrum, a flat colony of green algae

green algae is Volvox. a spherical colony. All the small cells of the

colony possess two flagella and a small eyespot.

colony is able to swim towards the light.

Fucus - algae

Brown seaweed

algae

Red seaweed

Ulva – sea lettuce

Euglena

Single celled Characteristics of both

plants and animals Plant – chlorophyll Animal – locomotion - flagella - no sun

becomes heterotroph Eyespot – senses light

Diatoms

-unicellular-shell made of silica or glass w/ two parts that fit together snuggly-golden brown pigment that masks chlorophyll-when die sink to bottom of ocean

Used in toothpaste and road lines

Dinoflagellates

- Armor made of cellulose- Spinning flagellates

- One flagella moves the cell- One flagella circle the cell to

spin it

- Unicellular- Store food in form of starch

and oils- Live in salt water- Food for saltwater

organisms- Red tide – over population of

dino. produce toxins in water and kill organisms

Animal like protists - protozoa

One-celled Habitat: water, soil living

and dead organisms

Amoeba Pseudopods – “false

feet”– Used for locomotion

Cytoplasmic streaming

– Used for feeding– Pseudopod forms

around the food. This forms a vacuole.

Amoeba with food vacuoles

flagellates

Protozoa that use flagellum

Ex. Trypanosoma –– Responsible for African

Sleeping Sickness

ciliates

Ciliates – Paramecium

Slipper shaped Cilia – short hairs from cell

membrane - used in locomotion - food getting Pellicle – outer skin Macronucleus – controls

everyday activities Micronucleus – used in

reproduction

Oral groove – cilia sweep bacteria into this mouth

Food vacuole forms Anal pore – waste vacuole

removed Contractile vacuole – controls

water in cell Trichocysts – anchor animal - capture food

Paramecium

                                                

Sexual reproduction of parameciumconjugation

Overcrowding or environmental stress

2 paramecium line up side to side and exchange genetic material

Micronucleus is exchanged

Go on to binary fission

Fungus like protists

Live in moist soil and on decaying plants and trees

Very colorful Move by forming

pseudopods Feed on bacteria and

other microorganisms Reproduce by spores

Pretzel slime mold

Yellow slime mold

Dog vomit slime mold

Slime mold on grass

Water Molds

Fuzzy white growths on decaying matter

Grow as a mass of threads over a plant or animal and digest it

Reproductive cells with flagella

Have cell walls

Water mold