The Crisis Grows DeepOr – A series of events that splits the divide even deeper between North & South

Chapter 8 Section 2 & 3Objective

Franklin Pierce1853-1857

What act required Northerners to capture slaves?

1. Kansas Nebraska Act

2. National Colonizing Act

3. Calhoun’s Resolution

4. Fugitive Slave Act

Transcontinental Railroad Connection of West Coast to rest of

country Southerners preferred Southern route

Geography required passage through Northern Mexico (we did not own this yet!)

The Gadsden Purchase 1853 Mexico sold this area to US for $10

million Part of southern New Mexico and Arizona Purpose- proposed site for southern route for

transcontinental railroad.

Gadsden Purchase

HOWEVER . . .

Stephen Douglas & Northerners wanted the first transcontinental railroad to start in Chicago

Douglas prepared a bill to organize territory called Nebraska

Southerners knew that slave owners would not move there--blocked it – wanted the Missouri Compromise repealed

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Creation of Nebraska to the north Creation of Kansas to the south To appease Southerners, Douglas

proposed to undo the 1820 Missouri Compromise (allow slavery through “popular sovereignty”)

Gave the impression that Nebraska would be a free state and Kansas a slave state

May 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act--Map

Bleeding KansasPopular Sovereignty- allowed in Kansas-

Nebraska Northern and Southern settlers rushed into

Kansas trying to create a majority for each side Northerners got aid from abolitionists to move Southern Missourians ‘snuck’ into the territory

and voted illegally electing a proslavery legislature

Anti-slavery supporters created their own government

LeCompton Constitution – Pro-slavery constitution creating their own government – supported by Pierce

Anti-slavery forces met in Topeka=banned slavery

A New Party Forms

The Kansas-Nebraska Act split the Whig Party in two (Conscience Whigs v. Cotton Whigs)

Former Whig members, Free Soil Party, and anti-slavery Democrats joined together in 1854 Congressional Elections= The Republican Party.

Feared the power of southern planter class

Slavery should be kept out of the territories

Caning of Charles Sumner

Charles Sumner (Mass.) – abolitionistSingled out and accused Senator

Andrew Butler of SC.Representative Preston Brooks

approached Sumner and beat himSoutherners supported BrooksNortherners were appalled at the

barbarism

Election of 1856 Republican A new party

former Northern Whigs, Free-Soiler’s & abolitionist Democrats

John Fremont Anti-slavery

Know-Nothings American

Party Nativists Opposed

Catholic immigration

Millard Fillmore

Democrat James

Buchanan Did not vote

on Kansas-Nebraska Act

Dred Scott v Sanford

Dred Scott – enslaved man Scott sued to end his slavery arguing the

time he had spent in free territory meant he was free

Decision – Chief Justice Taney ruled against him

African Americans are not US citizens & therefore could not sue in the courts

Idea of free territory was unconstitutional & therefore Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Abraham Lincoln Republican choice

for Senate Not an abolitionist Against spread of

slavery

Stephen Douglas Democrat

incumbent ‘The Little Giant’ Indirectly favored

slavery

The Freeport Doctrine

During Lincoln-Douglas Debates- Lincoln asked Douglas “Suppose the people of a territory vote slavery down (Dred Scott decision said they could not) Who would win? The Court? Or the People?

Douglas’ statement favoring the Dred Scott ruling, but he argued people could still keep slavery out through laws & regulations

Douglas won the Illinois Senate election Freeport Doctrine-will assure that he can’t

win the presidency! (angered Southerners)

John Brown’s Raid

John Brown – abolitionist Potawatomie Massacre (1856)Raid on Harper’s Ferry, WV - 1859

Seized a federal arsenal Tried to Arm slaves & began an insurrection

Robert E. Lee – led Marines who put down the raid; Brown placed on trial for treason.

Brown was hung & became a martyr South distrusted North even more Northerners strengthened abolitionism

The Union Dissolves

Chapter 8 Section 3

Election of 1860 Southern

Democrat John C.

Breckenridge Support Dred

Scott decision

Endorsed federal slave code for territories

Constitutional Union Party

Formed by former Whigs John Bell Upheld

Constitution & the Union

Feared splitting of the union

Republican Abraham Lincoln Denounced John

Brown Reaffirmed right

of southerners to maintain slavery within their borders

Supported Transcontinental RR, Homestead Act

Who won the election of 1860?

1. John Bell2. John

Breckenridge3. Abraham

Lincoln4. None of the

above

Abraham Lincoln1861-1865

Lincoln’s name didDid not appear on the Ballots of 10 Southern States.

Lincoln is a sectional President!

1860 Electoral Map

Secession

South Carolina secedes firstCrittenden’s Compromise

Proposed Constitutional amendment protecting slavery where it existed & reestablished Missouri Compromise line to California Lincoln vetoed it!

Confederate States of America Born February 8, 1861-SC --1st secede from US Jefferson Davis chosen as president of CSA

Lincoln takes office March 4, 1861-Inaugural Speech Did not threaten the seceded states but intended to

hold onto the federal property in those states

Federal Fort in South Carolina Dilemma for Davis – attack

the resupply shipment & start a war or allow your nation’s sovereignty to be breeched

Confederate leaders demand surrender of fort

General Anderson does not & undergoes a siege for 33 hours before surrendering the fort to the Confederates.

Fort Sumter Falls (April 12, 1861)

The Civil War Begins

Lincoln calls for 75,000 troopsUpper South crisisConfederacy moves its capital to

Richmond, VALincoln wanted to hold onto border

states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland and Missouri

Lincoln declares martial law in Maryland & suspends rights of habeas corpus

Border States- ** Kentucky crucial to control Ohio River

Missouri held by force of US troopsMaryland –Lincoln suspends rights of citizens