chapter 9 1. water cycle- each part of the cycle drives the other parts
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter 9
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1. Water cycle-
Each part of the cycle drives the other parts.
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A.____________- water changing to water vaporevaporation
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A. ____________________ - evaporation from ice;sublimation
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A.from plantsevaporation
transpiration
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B. -changing water vapor into liquid form
condensation
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C. - liquid or solid form of water falling to Earth
precipitation
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2.________-rainwater that does not soak into the ground or evaporate
runoff
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3. Factors that influence runoff:
A. type of landB. slopeC. amount of rainD. time span in which rain fallsE. amount of vegetationF. climate/temperature
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4. Water Erosion
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A. small streams form and erode a groove into the land; if it continues a gully will form
A. rill and gully erosion(channel)
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B.____________-flat areas are flooded and sediments are carried away.
sheet erosion
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C. ____________ -water continually erodes the same path making a__________and ___________ river
stream erosion
deeperwider
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1) -lightweight particles carried by a stream
suspended load
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2)_____________-the heavier sediments that are rolled along the bottom of a stream
bedload
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river systems5. ____________ and smaller streamsa network of rills, gullies, which join toform rivers
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6.____________ the land watered by the river system; the land from which the river
collects
drainage basin
runoff
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7. Stages of stream development:
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A. ___________ moves , may have white water rapids and waterfalls; high level of energy; erodes
young streamswiftly
bottom sidesfaster than the
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mature streamB.___________________flows less swiftly; erodes waterfall rocks away; more gentle gradient; begins to _____________ (curve back and forth)
meander
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old streamC. __________flows slowly through a floodplain; has ______ meanderswide
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Meandering
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oxbow lakeD.___________a piece of a meander that has been cut off from the main river
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floodplainE.___________ fertile area covered by sediment caused by frequent flooding
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delta8.______sediments dropped in a _____ shape at the mouth of a river
fan
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levee9.________an earthen barrier built along a river
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groundwater10. ____________water that sinks (leaches) into the porous parts of Earth’s crust (about 90% of all fresh water)
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porosity11. ________the amount of water a rock can hold
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permeability12. ___________ rocks with a _______ density; many spaces
low
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impermeability13.________________rocks with a ____ density;tightly packed
high
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14. __________ permeable rock layers that allow water to flow freely
aquifer
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15._____________- upper surface of the zone of saturation
water table
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A._________________ -area where water fills up a permeable layer.
Zone of saturation
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B. ___________________- area of crust filled with airZone of aeration
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16. __________ - water under pressure raises to the surface because of the abundance of water in an aquifer.
artesian well
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17._____________- where the water table is close to the Earth’s surface, water may ooze out to form a spring;________________- form when groundwater comes in contact with hot underground rocks.
spring
hot springs
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18. ____________- hot springs that are forced upward throughA small opening
geysers
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19. ____________________- an underground area that has been eroded by ______________________ (carbonation)
cave or cavernchemical weathering
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20._____________- “V” icicle-like structures formedBy calcium carbonate left behind from dripping water
stalactite
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21. ________________ - “^ ” deposits of calcium Carbonate that build up on the floor of a cave or cavern.
stalagmite
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22. ____________- funnel-shaped depressions that are formed when rainwater dissolves underground rock ______________
sinkholes
near the surface
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23. __________________- area that lies between high and low tide; affected by____________, _____________, and _________.
shore zone
waves currents tides
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24. ________________ - ocean current that flows_______________ to the shore.
longshore current
parallel
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25. _____________ - narrow ocean current that flows at a right angle from the shore.
rip current
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26. _____- material found on shoreline made from ____________, _____________, and other shoreline materials.
sandbroken rocks shells
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27. _______________-sand deposits accumulate and form islands__________________ to the mainland.
barrier islandsparallel