chapter 9
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 9 Energy Balance
Nutrition HO-15
Obesity Prevalence
Obesity Prevalence
Dyslipidemia
Hypertension
Type 2 diabetes
Stroke
Coronary heart disease
Gallbladder disease
Osteoarthritis
Sleep apnea
Respiratory problems
Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Obesity and Diagnosed Diabetes Among U.S. Adults Aged 18 Years or older
Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2)
Diabetes
1994
1994
2000
2000
No Data <14.0% 14.0-17.9% 18.0-21.9% 22.0-25.9% >26.0%
No Data <4.5% 4.5-5.9% 6.0-7.4% 7.5-8.9% >9.0%
CDC’s Division of Diabetes Translation. National Diabetes Surveillance System available at http://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/statistics
2010
2010
35% obese
65%
overweight obese
30% overweight
Body Mass
Index BMI
6’6” and 216 pounds = overweight
Determining Health Based on Weight
BMI
Waist Circumference
Disease Profile
Physical Activity (fitness level)
Determining Health Based on Weight
BMI
Waist Circumference
Disease Profile
Physical Activity (fitness level)
Determining Health Based on Weight
BMI
Waist Circumference
Disease Profile
Physical Activity
Determining Health Based on Weight
BMI
Waist Circumference
Disease Profile
Physical Activity
Determining Health Based on Weight
BMI
Waist Circumference
Disease Profile
Physical Activity (fitness level)
Low risk of morbidity / mortality
BMI = 30 = obese range
Waist Circumference = 32”
Healthy/ No diseases/ Normal blood work
Very active
Energy In• food• beverages
Energy Out• TEF• BMR• activity
Calories In• food• beverages
Calories Out• TEF• BMR• activity
What is a calorie?
What is a calorie?
Unit of food energy
Ener
gy O
ut ActivityBMRTEF
Energy In Energy Out
TEF
BMR
Activity
Food
Beverages
Weight Loss
Energy OutEnergy In
Food
Food
Food
Beverages
Activity
BMR
TEF
Weight Gain
Regulation of Appetite and Food Intake
Alcohol consumption
Sleep deprivation
Television
Am J Clin Nutr September 1, 2012 vol. 96 no. 3 492-497
Hormonal Influences
Thrifty Gene
• store energy
favor fat accumulation
• conserve energy
increased tendency to be sedentary
• save stored energy
diminished ability to use dietary fats as fuel
• store energy
Increased capacity to store body fat
NEA
TNon-exercise
Activity
Thermogenesis
(energy expenditure)
Dr. James Levine
Obesity: Global Epidemic
World Health Organization 2008
World Health Organization 2008
InfectionsRespiratory Illness
Parasites
Heart DiseaseDiabetes
Toda
y
1970
Mortality in Mexico
“We have not had a global collapse of willpower in the last
30 years”
Obesitygenetics
hormones
environment types of food
metabolism
social economic
THE Chapter
Nine END