Building Overseas EmpiresBuilding Overseas EmpiresImperialismImperialism

Take up the White Man's burden-- Take up the White Man's burden-- The savage wars of peace-- The savage wars of peace-- Fill full the mouth of Famine, Fill full the mouth of Famine, And bid the sickness cease; And bid the sickness cease;

And when your goal is nearest And when your goal is nearest (The end for others sought) (The end for others sought)

Watch sloth and heathen folly Watch sloth and heathen folly Bring all your hope to naught. Bring all your hope to naught.

          - Rudyard Kipling from - Rudyard Kipling from The White The White Man's BurdenMan's Burden

Q-Why would the white man show pride?

A-He thinks he’s superior.

Q-Who does Kipling thinks profits from Imperialism?

A-The Subject people.

Q-Who really profits? Is it both? Explain.

ImperialismImperialism-The domination of one -The domination of one country of the political, economic, or country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country of region.cultural life of another country of region.

Why did this happen?Why did this happen?1. Science and Technology1. Science and Technology2. Industry, transportation, 2. Industry, transportation,

communicationcommunication3. The west would dominate the world 3. The west would dominate the world

with these advantages.with these advantages.

Motives that Drive Motives that Drive ImperialismImperialism

1. Industrial Revolution creates needs and 1. Industrial Revolution creates needs and desires that spur overseas expansion.desires that spur overseas expansion.

a. Natural Resources (Rubber, petroleum, a. Natural Resources (Rubber, petroleum, manganese (steel), palm oil (to run manganese (steel), palm oil (to run machinery)machinery)

b. New markets to sell goodsb. New markets to sell goods c. Bankers sought to investc. Bankers sought to invest d. Growing populationd. Growing population 2. Political and Military Motives2. Political and Military Motives a. Naval Bases (expansion), coal, suppliesa. Naval Bases (expansion), coal, supplies b. Nationalism (seizure of territory would b. Nationalism (seizure of territory would

spur other nations to one up each other)spur other nations to one up each other) c. Colonies needed for security to increase c. Colonies needed for security to increase

PrestigePrestige-the power to impress or -the power to impress or influence because of success or wealth.influence because of success or wealth.

Humanitarian and Religious Humanitarian and Religious GoalsGoals 3. Westerners felt a duty to spread 3. Westerners felt a duty to spread

the blessings of Western the blessings of Western Civilization medicine, law and Civilization medicine, law and Christianity.Christianity.

4. Social Darwinism4. Social Darwinism a. Racial Superiority (white mans a. Racial Superiority (white mans

burden)burden) b. Result (Many non-westerners b. Result (Many non-westerners

robbed of their culture.robbed of their culture. Q-What factors contributed to Q-What factors contributed to

European Imperialism in the European Imperialism in the 1800s?1800s?

A-economic motives, political and A-economic motives, political and military, missionaries, military, missionaries, humanitarian and religious beliefs, humanitarian and religious beliefs, and Social Darwinist ideas.and Social Darwinist ideas.

Spread of Western ImperialismSpread of Western Imperialism 1. 1870-1914-Imperialist 1. 1870-1914-Imperialist

nations controlled much of the nations controlled much of the world.world.

a. Soldiers, merchants, settlers, a. Soldiers, merchants, settlers, missionaries and explorers.missionaries and explorers.

b. In Europe expansion found b. In Europe expansion found favor with all the classes favor with all the classes (making money)(making money)

2. Weakness of Non-western 2. Weakness of Non-western states.states.

a. Older Civilizations in declinea. Older Civilizations in decline b. Ottoman (Middle East)b. Ottoman (Middle East) c. Mughal (India)c. Mughal (India) d. Qing (China)d. Qing (China) e. Africa (slave trade and e. Africa (slave trade and

devastating wars.devastating wars.

Western AdvantagesWestern Advantages 1. Strong economies1. Strong economies 2. Well Organized Govt.2. Well Organized Govt. 3. Powerful Military3. Powerful Military 4. Superior Tech4. Superior Tech a. Telegraph, medicine, a. Telegraph, medicine,

machine gun, steam machine gun, steam warshipswarships

Some cultures tried to Some cultures tried to resist, but were severely resist, but were severely overmatched, Nationalist overmatched, Nationalist movements would movements would eventually develop (ex. eventually develop (ex. India)India)

Q-How did Western Q-How did Western Imperialism spread Imperialism spread through Africa and Asia so through Africa and Asia so Quickly?Quickly?

A-Westerners had stronger A-Westerners had stronger economies, governments economies, governments and technology as well as and technology as well as necessary manpower.necessary manpower.

Forms of Imperial RuleForms of Imperial Rule Direct Rule (French)Direct Rule (French) a. sending officials and soldiers a. sending officials and soldiers

to administer their colonies.to administer their colonies. Indirect Rule (British)Indirect Rule (British) a. Use of Sultans, chiefs, and a. Use of Sultans, chiefs, and

other local rulers.other local rulers. b. British encouraged the b. British encouraged the

children of officials to be children of officials to be educated in Britain (grooming educated in Britain (grooming Westernization)Westernization)

ProtectorateProtectorate a. Local rulers left in place, but a. Local rulers left in place, but

were expected to follow the were expected to follow the advice of European advisors.advice of European advisors.

Sphere of InfluenceSphere of Influence a. area in which an outside a. area in which an outside

power claimed exclusive power claimed exclusive investment or trading investment or trading privileges.privileges.

The Scramble for ColoniesThe Scramble for Colonies 1. North Africa1. North Africa a. Sahara Deserta. Sahara Desert b. Fertile land along the b. Fertile land along the

MediterraneanMediterranean c. still part of the declining c. still part of the declining

Ottoman Empire.Ottoman Empire. 2. West Africa2. West Africa Islamic rule rose up against Islamic rule rose up against

European oppressors and had a European oppressors and had a successful trading empire.successful trading empire.

3. East Africa 3. East Africa Islamic InfluenceIslamic Influence exported slaves from the exported slaves from the

interior to the coast to be taken interior to the coast to be taken to the Middle East.to the Middle East.

4. Southern Africa4. Southern Africa Zulu’s became a major force Zulu’s became a major force

(leader Shaka commanded a (leader Shaka commanded a force of 40-50,000 men.force of 40-50,000 men.

Effects South AfricaEffects South Africa Mass migration away Mass migration away

from Zulu’sfrom Zulu’s wars cause confusion wars cause confusion

and disillusionand disillusion Boers descendents of Boers descendents of

the Dutch fought the Dutch fought against British against British colonization and rules.colonization and rules.

Boers Great Trek- Boers Great Trek- mass migration to mass migration to escape British rule, the escape British rule, the Boers would fight the Boers would fight the Zulu’s and eventually Zulu’s and eventually defeat them.defeat them.

Review QuestionsReview Questions Q-What effects did Islam have in Africa?Q-What effects did Islam have in Africa? A-Brought strong governments, higher literacy, A-Brought strong governments, higher literacy,

peace, and trade.peace, and trade. Q-What were the two main forces of change in Q-What were the two main forces of change in

Africa before Imperialism?Africa before Imperialism? A-Slave trade, Zulu conquest, Spread of Islam, A-Slave trade, Zulu conquest, Spread of Islam,

Decline of the Ottoman Empire.Decline of the Ottoman Empire. Q-What factors shaped each of the main regions Q-What factors shaped each of the main regions

of Africa during the early 1800s?of Africa during the early 1800s? A-In Muslim North Africa, the Ottoman Empire A-In Muslim North Africa, the Ottoman Empire

was declining. In West Africa, new Muslim was declining. In West Africa, new Muslim leaders and strong kingdoms like the Asante held leaders and strong kingdoms like the Asante held power. In East Africa the slave trade continued. power. In East Africa the slave trade continued. In South Africa, Zulu’s and Boers battled for In South Africa, Zulu’s and Boers battled for control.control.

European ConquestEuropean Conquest 1500’s-1700’s 1500’s-1700’s

Europeans traded and Europeans traded and exploited the coast, but exploited the coast, but not the Interior, Why?not the Interior, Why?

A-Difficult Geography, A-Difficult Geography, disease, steamships and disease, steamships and improved medical improved medical technology.technology.

Push to the InteriorPush to the Interior Explorers (Mungo Park, Explorers (Mungo Park,

Richard Burton) and Richard Burton) and Doctor David Doctor David Livingstone.Livingstone.

Each of these Each of these individuals mapped the individuals mapped the interior and the rivers interior and the rivers that led into the heart of that led into the heart of Africa.Africa.

Explorer Missionary David Explorer Missionary David LivingstoneLivingstone

1. Catholics and Protestants 1. Catholics and Protestants follow explorers to spread follow explorers to spread the good word of the Lord the good word of the Lord (Spread of Christianity)(Spread of Christianity)

a. Built schools, medical a. Built schools, medical clinicsclinics

b. Focused on fighting the b. Focused on fighting the evils of the slave trade.evils of the slave trade.

c. Paternalistic view of c. Paternalistic view of Africa (White Mans Burden)Africa (White Mans Burden)

2. Dr. David Livingstone2. Dr. David Livingstone famous European explorer famous European explorer

who improved the everyday who improved the everyday life of Africans (fought the life of Africans (fought the slave trade and opened up slave trade and opened up the interior.)the interior.)

The Scramble for ColoniesThe Scramble for Colonies 1. King Leopold of Belgium1. King Leopold of Belgium a. Civilizing mission to carry the light a. Civilizing mission to carry the light

to the barbarians of Africa.to the barbarians of Africa. b. He actually dreamed of riches and b. He actually dreamed of riches and

conquest.conquest. 2. Britain, France and Germany all 2. Britain, France and Germany all

pressed rival claims for Africa and pressed rival claims for Africa and other areas.other areas.

a. Berlin Conference to split up the a. Berlin Conference to split up the continent (refer to page 293). The continent (refer to page 293). The Meeting took place in Berlin with no Meeting took place in Berlin with no Africans invited.Africans invited.

Q-Why were missionaries and Q-Why were missionaries and explorers held in high regard by explorers held in high regard by Europeans?Europeans?

A-They had noble missions to pursue A-They had noble missions to pursue science and spread civilization to science and spread civilization to savages.savages.

Q-Why did countries want to control Q-Why did countries want to control certain areas?certain areas?

A-Proximity to ports and trade routes.A-Proximity to ports and trade routes. Q-What did the biggest land grabbers Q-What did the biggest land grabbers

have in common?have in common? A-The were the most highly A-The were the most highly

Industrialized Nations.Industrialized Nations.

Resisting ImperialismResisting Imperialism 1. Ethiopia-ancient 1. Ethiopia-ancient

Christian Kingdom Christian Kingdom resists and maintains resists and maintains its Independence.its Independence.

a. Menelik II began to a. Menelik II began to modernize.modernize.

b. Built Roads, Bridgesb. Built Roads, Bridges c. Westernized Schoolsc. Westernized Schools d. Imported the latest d. Imported the latest

weapons and weapons and technologytechnology

e. Fought the Italians e. Fought the Italians and won preserving its and won preserving its Independence.Independence.

In a short response essay analyze what is going on in the Political Cartoon. 10 minutes

European Claims in Muslim European Claims in Muslim RegionsRegions

1. Muslim Lands 1. Muslim Lands (West Africa to (West Africa to Southeast Asia)Southeast Asia)

3 Muslim Empires3 Muslim EmpiresOttomans, Safavids, Ottomans, Safavids,

Mughals all in decline Mughals all in decline by the 1700s (same by the 1700s (same reasons as usual)reasons as usual)

Corruption, local Corruption, local rulers gained power, rulers gained power, spread of Western spread of Western Ideas.Ideas.

Europe Makes their Presence felt

Rise of Muslim Reform Rise of Muslim Reform MovementsMovements 1. Stress Religious Piety1. Stress Religious Piety

2. Strict rules of behavior2. Strict rules of behavior 3. Muhammad Ahmad 3. Muhammad Ahmad

(Sudan) (Mahdi) Savior of (Sudan) (Mahdi) Savior of the faith/ resisted British the faith/ resisted British expansion.expansion.

4. Wahhabi (Arabia) 4. Wahhabi (Arabia) wanted to recapture the wanted to recapture the purity and faith of purity and faith of Muhammads original Muhammads original teachings.teachings.

5. Threats of Western 5. Threats of Western European Expansion.European Expansion.

Europeans enjoyed Europeans enjoyed special rights, the west special rights, the west was more powerful so it was more powerful so it was able to protect these was able to protect these rights.rights.

Ottoman ProblemsOttoman Problems 1. Interior (Pashas, local 1. Interior (Pashas, local

provincial rulers)provincial rulers) 2. Nationalist revolts (ideas 2. Nationalist revolts (ideas

spreading from the west)spreading from the west) 3. Ottomans would silence 3. Ottomans would silence

the uprisings.the uprisings. 4. Egypt first to break away.4. Egypt first to break away. 5. Europeans states tries to 5. Europeans states tries to

take advantage of Ottoman take advantage of Ottoman weakness.weakness.

6. France, Russia, Britain 6. France, Russia, Britain start grabbing Ottoman start grabbing Ottoman territory. (ports, trade routes)territory. (ports, trade routes)

7. Berlin to Baghdad 7. Berlin to Baghdad Railway.Railway.

8. Westernizing thoughts, 8. Westernizing thoughts, ideas, and methods.ideas, and methods.

a. tax collection, railroads, a. tax collection, railroads, education, modern military, education, modern military, medical care, farming medical care, farming methodsmethods

Review QuestionsReview Questions Q-How was Western Q-How was Western

Imperialism a source of Imperialism a source of stress in the Muslim stress in the Muslim Regions of the World?Regions of the World?

A-Europeans gained A-Europeans gained better trading terms, better trading terms, demanded special demanded special treatment, and treatment, and interfered in local interfered in local control.control.

Q-Why would the Q-Why would the Ottomans have agreed Ottomans have agreed to have the Germans to have the Germans build a railway?build a railway?

A-They did not have the A-They did not have the technology or the technology or the capital to build it capital to build it themselves.themselves.

Young TurksYoung Turks Liberal movement to Liberal movement to

overthrow the Sultan, but overthrow the Sultan, but WWI intterupted the WWI intterupted the movement.movement.

Armenian Genocide Armenian Genocide (delibrate attempt to (delibrate attempt to destroy a racial, political or destroy a racial, political or cultural group) Nationalism cultural group) Nationalism ignited new tensions.ignited new tensions.

1. Armenians (Christian 1. Armenians (Christian group accused of group accused of supporting Russians supporting Russians against the Ottomans)against the Ottomans)

2. Armenian would Protest 2. Armenian would Protest and be dealt with extreme and be dealt with extreme prejudice (many killed)prejudice (many killed)

3. 25 years, 600,000 to 1.5 3. 25 years, 600,000 to 1.5 million killed or died of million killed or died of starvationstarvation

Egypt ModernizesEgypt Modernizes Muhammad Ali seized power Muhammad Ali seized power

1805 after Napolean’s invasion.1805 after Napolean’s invasion. Father of Modern Egypt.Father of Modern Egypt. 1. Introduced reforms, trade, 1. Introduced reforms, trade,

govt, politics.govt, politics. 2. Conquered Neighboring 2. Conquered Neighboring

landslands 3. Building of the Suez Canal 3. Building of the Suez Canal

(pg 301) would connect the (pg 301) would connect the Mediterranean and Red Sea Mediterranean and Red Sea meaning that European ships meaning that European ships no longer had to sail around no longer had to sail around the tip of Africa, it shortened the tip of Africa, it shortened trade and travel, thus making it trade and travel, thus making it possible to make possible to make more more money!!!!!money!!!!!

4. Egypt couldn’t afford to pay 4. Egypt couldn’t afford to pay and the Brits step in and after and the Brits step in and after Nationalistic Revolution they Nationalistic Revolution they make them a protectorate.make them a protectorate.

Review ?’sReview ?’sQ-How did Egypt fall Q-How did Egypt fall

under British control?under British control?A-Brits gained an A-Brits gained an

economic foothold, economic foothold, and then Nationalists and then Nationalists revolted, Brits made revolted, Brits made Egypt a protectorate.Egypt a protectorate.

Q-How did Persia Q-How did Persia attract foreign attract foreign interest in the early interest in the early 1900’s?1900’s?

A-A-Oil!!!!!!!Oil!!!!!!!

Armenian Genocide by the Turks.

The British Take Over IndiaThe British Take Over India 1. East India Company 1. East India Company

controlled 3/5’s of Indiacontrolled 3/5’s of India 2. Mughal power in decline2. Mughal power in decline British use Indian diversity British use Indian diversity

against them.against them. a. languages, cultures, a. languages, cultures,

competition, disharmony among competition, disharmony among the diverse Indian people.the diverse Indian people.

3. Implementing British Policies.3. Implementing British Policies. a. Goals, Make money, improve a. Goals, Make money, improve

roads, railroads preserver peace roads, railroads preserver peace to stimulate trade.to stimulate trade.

b. Introduce Western education.b. Introduce Western education. c. Conversion to Christianity c. Conversion to Christianity

(White mans burden)(White mans burden) d. British worked to end slavery d. British worked to end slavery

and the caste system as well and the caste system as well improve the status of women.improve the status of women.

Flag of East India Trading Company

DiscontentDiscontent Hindus felt that Christianity was Hindus felt that Christianity was

undermining there religion.undermining there religion. Sepoy Troops (cheap answer to Sepoy Troops (cheap answer to

send overseas non-native British, send overseas non-native British, conflicting loyalty)conflicting loyalty)

Rifle ammo greased with animal Rifle ammo greased with animal fat, Hindus couldn’t touch them fat, Hindus couldn’t touch them and when they refused, were and when they refused, were jailed.jailed.

Sepoy Rebellion-Sought to Sepoy Rebellion-Sought to reestablish Hindu rule and reestablish Hindu rule and Brutally massacred many British.Brutally massacred many British.

British crushed revolt and British crushed revolt and slaughtered thousands of slaughtered thousands of Indians.Indians.

Sepoy Rebellion left bitterness Sepoy Rebellion left bitterness and hatred on both sides.and hatred on both sides.

Change of rule, British took direct Change of rule, British took direct control away from East India control away from East India CompanyCompany

Indians felt exploited even moreIndians felt exploited even more

Review QuestionsReview Questions

Q-How did the British exploit Indian diversity?Q-How did the British exploit Indian diversity? A-They played different princes and people A-They played different princes and people

against each other.against each other. Q-What changes did the East India Company Q-What changes did the East India Company

bring to India?bring to India? A-Improved roads, peace, western education, A-Improved roads, peace, western education,

pushed for social change.pushed for social change. Q-How could the Sepoy Rebellion be interpreted Q-How could the Sepoy Rebellion be interpreted

as resulting from British feelings of superiority?as resulting from British feelings of superiority? A-Brits didn’t take into account sepoys religious A-Brits didn’t take into account sepoys religious

practice, did not regard them as equal in any practice, did not regard them as equal in any way.way.

Impact of Colonial Rule (British Raj)Impact of Colonial Rule (British Raj) 1. Viceroy ruled in the name of the 1. Viceroy ruled in the name of the

Queen.Queen. 2. British Officials held top 2. British Officials held top

positions in govt. and civil service.positions in govt. and civil service. 3. Brightest Jewel in the British 3. Brightest Jewel in the British

Crown.Crown. 4. Brits saw India as both a market 4. Brits saw India as both a market

and a source of raw materialsand a source of raw materials 5. Built roads, railways, telegraphs5. Built roads, railways, telegraphs 6. Trade flourished especially with 6. Trade flourished especially with

the opening of the Suez Canal.the opening of the Suez Canal. 7. Flooded India with factory made 7. Flooded India with factory made

textiles ruining Indian home cloth textiles ruining Indian home cloth productionproduction

Population Growth and FaminePopulation Growth and Famine Improved medical, Improved medical,

farming methods, and farming methods, and health care led to health care led to population growth.population growth.

Led to problem with Led to problem with food production.food production.

Led to famine.Led to famine. BenefitsBenefits 1. Peace1. Peace 2. Revised legal 2. Revised legal

system (women caste)system (women caste) 3. Railroads (trade)3. Railroads (trade) 4. Telegraph4. Telegraph 5. Western education5. Western education

Different Views on CultureDifferent Views on Culture 1. Upper class wanted to 1. Upper class wanted to

WesternizeWesternize 2. Other classes wanted 2. Other classes wanted

traditional Hindu and traditional Hindu and Muslim culture.Muslim culture.

3. Some like Ram Mohun 3. Some like Ram Mohun Roy tried to combine.Roy tried to combine.

Western AttitudeWestern Attitude 1. Most Brits felt superior 1. Most Brits felt superior

and knew little about and knew little about Indian achievement and Indian achievement and culture.culture.

Indian National Congress Indian National Congress looked to eventual Indian looked to eventual Indian self-ruleself-rule

Muslim and Hindus at first Muslim and Hindus at first worked together, but worked together, but were soon at odds.were soon at odds.

China Section 5

China and New ImperialismChina and New Imperialism Tilting the balance of trade.Tilting the balance of trade. Balance of Trade difference Balance of Trade difference

between how much a country between how much a country imports and how much it imports and how much it exportsexports

Prior 1800sPrior 1800s 1. Chinese rulers had strict 1. Chinese rulers had strict

limits on trade.limits on trade. 2. European traders restricted 2. European traders restricted

to small areas in South China.to small areas in South China. 3. China exports3. China exports a. silk, porcelain, teaa. silk, porcelain, tea b. exchanged gold, silverb. exchanged gold, silver 4. China enjoyed (trade 4. China enjoyed (trade

surplus)surplus) 5. Exported more than they 5. Exported more than they

imported.imported. 6. Westerner’s (trade deficit)6. Westerner’s (trade deficit) Change would occurChange would occur Industrial Revolution and a Industrial Revolution and a

need for expanded market.need for expanded market. Western superior power.Western superior power.

The Opium WarThe Opium War 1. Brits making big profits 1. Brits making big profits

trading opium grown in trading opium grown in India for Chinese tea.India for Chinese tea.

2. Many Chinese became 2. Many Chinese became addicted to drugs.addicted to drugs.

3. Silver flowed out in 3. Silver flowed out in payment for a drug that payment for a drug that disrupted the economy disrupted the economy and ruined peoples lives.and ruined peoples lives.

4. Chinese outlawed 4. Chinese outlawed Opium and requested that Opium and requested that the British stop (they the British stop (they refused)refused)

1842 Treaty of Nanging1842 Treaty of Nanging a. Indemnity-payment for a. Indemnity-payment for

losses in war.losses in war. b. Brits gained Hong Kongb. Brits gained Hong Kong c. Brits enjoyed c. Brits enjoyed

extraterritoriality Rights extraterritoriality Rights (live by their own laws and (live by their own laws and tried in their own courts.tried in their own courts.

Taiping Taiping RebellionRebellion

1. Qing Dynasty in decline.1. Qing Dynasty in decline. 2. Widespread corruption and 2. Widespread corruption and

population explosionpopulation explosion 3. Peasant Rebellion (Taiping 3. Peasant Rebellion (Taiping

Rebellion) 1850-64Rebellion) 1850-64 4. Almost topple the Qing 4. Almost topple the Qing

DynastyDynasty ReformReform 1. Division Pro-West, Traditional1. Division Pro-West, Traditional British Industry (west)British Industry (west) Money from land (trad)Money from land (trad) 2. Challenge to traditional 2. Challenge to traditional

Confucian values.Confucian values. 3. Saw western ideas and tech as 3. Saw western ideas and tech as

dangerous.dangerous. 4. “Self Strengthening 4. “Self Strengthening

Movement”Movement” a. Imported tech, weaponsa. Imported tech, weapons b. set up factories shipyardsb. set up factories shipyards c. govt not behind the SSM (CiXi c. govt not behind the SSM (CiXi

and her traditional Confucian and her traditional Confucian ideas held sway.ideas held sway.

Spheres of InfluenceSpheres of Influence Western Powers Western Powers

took advantage of took advantage of Chinese weakness.Chinese weakness.

1. Brits took Chang 1. Brits took Chang River ValleyRiver Valley

2. French-Indochina2. French-Indochina 3. Germany/Russia3. Germany/Russia Northern ChinaNorthern China 4. U.S. worried that 4. U.S. worried that

European powers European powers might shut out might shut out American trade.American trade.

5. Called for Policy 5. Called for Policy of Opium Trade of Opium Trade (Open Door Policy) (Open Door Policy) no one consulted no one consulted the Chinese.the Chinese.

Hundred Days ReformHundred Days Reform

1. Guang Xu set out to modernize 1. Guang Xu set out to modernize China.China.

2. Govt, civil service, new industry.2. Govt, civil service, new industry.3. Schools, military, overall 3. Schools, military, overall

BureaucracyBureaucracyConservatives reasserted control and Conservatives reasserted control and

reformers fled the country.reformers fled the country.

The Qing Dynasty FallsThe Qing Dynasty Falls China in turmoil, anger against China in turmoil, anger against

Christians and all the foreigners Christians and all the foreigners who didn’t respect Chinese.who didn’t respect Chinese.

1. Boxer Uprising- Anti-foreign 1. Boxer Uprising- Anti-foreign feelingsfeelings

a. Goal (drive out foreign devils)a. Goal (drive out foreign devils) 2. Western Powers/Japan formed 2. Western Powers/Japan formed

alliance to crush the boxers.alliance to crush the boxers. Aftermath and ConcessionsAftermath and Concessions Chinese conservatives forced to Chinese conservatives forced to

support westernization.support westernization. a. admitted women to schoola. admitted women to school b. stressed science and math b. stressed science and math

over confusianismover confusianism expanded economicallyexpanded economically Chinese business class Chinese business class

developeddeveloped

Three Principles of the PeopleThree Principles of the People 1. Although Boxer Rebellion 1. Although Boxer Rebellion

failed the flames of Chinese failed the flames of Chinese Nationalism spread.Nationalism spread.

2. Reformers wanted to 2. Reformers wanted to strengthen the govt.strengthen the govt.

Introduced a Constitutional Introduced a Constitutional Monarchy.Monarchy.

Sun Yixian organized the Sun Yixian organized the Revolutionary Alliance.Revolutionary Alliance.

#1Nationalism #2 Democracy #1Nationalism #2 Democracy #3 Livelihood/security#3 Livelihood/security

Birth of A RepublicBirth of A Republic 1. 2 year old inherited throne1. 2 year old inherited throne 2. China slips into chaos2. China slips into chaos 3. Sun Yixian named President 3. Sun Yixian named President

of New Chinese Republicof New Chinese Republic 4. In Constant chaos and 4. In Constant chaos and

fights occurring within and fights occurring within and outside.outside.

Review QuestionsReview Questions Q-How did British Trade with China trigger the Opium Q-How did British Trade with China trigger the Opium

Wars?Wars? A-Brits introduced Opium and when the Chinese tried to A-Brits introduced Opium and when the Chinese tried to

stop trade, Brits responded with Gun Boats and threats.stop trade, Brits responded with Gun Boats and threats. Q-How did the Taipin Rebellion and other internal Q-How did the Taipin Rebellion and other internal

problems weaken the Qing Dynasty?problems weaken the Qing Dynasty? A- Years of turmoil, as well as power given to regional A- Years of turmoil, as well as power given to regional

leaders, weakened the Qing dynasty and made China leaders, weakened the Qing dynasty and made China vulnerable to European encroachment.vulnerable to European encroachment.

Q-Who won the first Sino-Japanese War?Q-Who won the first Sino-Japanese War? A-Japanese won due to modern armyA-Japanese won due to modern army Q-How did reformers try to solve China’s internal Q-How did reformers try to solve China’s internal

problems?problems? A-Modernize, incorporate western tech, build industry, A-Modernize, incorporate western tech, build industry,

streamline govt.streamline govt. Q-What caused the Qing dynasty to fall?Q-What caused the Qing dynasty to fall? A-Boxer Rebellion led to greater Westernization, which A-Boxer Rebellion led to greater Westernization, which

led to Nationalism, which combined with discontent and led to Nationalism, which combined with discontent and a weak emperor (two year old) to topple the dynasty.a weak emperor (two year old) to topple the dynasty.