chapter 9: energy of the cell
DESCRIPTION
These are my lecture notes for my Biology 1 class, using the book "Biology: Dynamics of Life". The chapter deals with energy.TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Energy of the CellSection 9-1: ATP
![Page 2: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
In this section . . .
![Page 3: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
In this section . . .
What is Energy?
![Page 4: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
In this section . . .
What is Energy?
What ATP is and HOW it works
![Page 5: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
In this section . . .
What is Energy?
What ATP is and HOW it works
Noteworthy People
![Page 6: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Energy what is it?
![Page 7: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Energy what is it?The ability to do work.
Ride Bike
Study
Walking
Breathing
Mitosis
![Page 8: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Energy what is it?The ability to do work.
Ride Bike
Study
Walking
Breathing
Mitosis
How does the body store and produce energy?
![Page 9: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
P PA P
![Page 10: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A molecule in the cell that allows quick and easy access to energy when needed by the cell’s organelles.
P PA P
![Page 11: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A molecule in the cell that allows quick and easy access to energy when needed by the cell’s organelles.
A type of chemical energy
P PA P
![Page 12: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
A molecule in the cell that allows quick and easy access to energy when needed by the cell’s organelles.
A type of chemical energy
Releases energy when the chemical bonds are broken.
P PA P
![Page 13: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Prefixes
A
![Page 14: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Prefixes
Mono = One phosphate group
PA
![Page 15: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Prefixes
Mono = One phosphate group
Di = Two phosphate groups
P PA
![Page 16: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Prefixes
Mono = One phosphate group
Di = Two phosphate groups
Tri = three phosphates groups
P PA P
![Page 17: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The battery of the cell
![Page 18: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The battery of the cell
ATP binds to a specific site on a protein molecule, similar to putting batteries in a flashlight.
![Page 19: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The battery of the cell
ATP binds to a specific site on a protein molecule, similar to putting batteries in a flashlight.
Once the bond between one of the phosphate groups is broken ATP becomes ADP.
![Page 20: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Recharging the Battery
ADP can be recharged back to ATP by processes in the mitochondria.
![Page 21: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
ATP in Action
ProcessI NEED
ENERGY PLEASE!!
![Page 22: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
ATP in Action
P PAProcessI NEED
ENERGY PLEASE!!
P
![Page 23: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
ATP in Action
P PAProcessI NEED
ENERGY PLEASE!!
P
![Page 24: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
ATP in Action
P PA
Woohoo!I’m
Energized!!
ADP
P
![Page 25: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ATP in Action
P PA
ADP
![Page 26: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mitochondria
ATP in Action
P PA
ADP
![Page 27: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Mitochondria
ATP in Action
P PA
ADP
![Page 28: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Mitochondria
ATP in Action
P PA
ADP
P
![Page 29: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Fritz Lipmann
United States biochemist Fritz Lipmann won the 1953 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Lipmann researched the process by which cells convert basic elements of food into energy.
![Page 30: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Dennis Mitchell
British chemist Peter Dennis Mitchell won the 1978 Nobel Prize in chemistry. He won the award for his research into the process a cell goes through to generate a molecule called ATP, which is the immediate source of energy for all cells.
![Page 31: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Edmond H. Fischer
American biologist Edmond H. Fischer won the 1992 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Fischer demonstrated how cells break down sugar in the bloodstream for use as a fuel.
![Page 32: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Edwin Krebs
United States biochemist Edwin Krebs won the 1992 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine. Krebs detailed the process by which cells break down glycogen in the bloodstream and burn it as fuel.
![Page 33: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
In Review . . .
![Page 34: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Energy?
![Page 35: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Energy?
What ATP is and HOW it works
![Page 36: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Energy?
What ATP is and HOW it works
Noteworthy People
![Page 37: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Energy in a CellSection 9-2: Photosynthesis
![Page 38: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
In this Section . . .
![Page 39: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
In this Section . . .
What is Photosynthesis?
![Page 40: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
In this Section . . .
What is Photosynthesis?
Where photosynthesis happens
![Page 41: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
In this Section . . .
What is Photosynthesis?
Where photosynthesis happens
Color: How it works
![Page 42: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
In this Section . . .
What is Photosynthesis?
Where photosynthesis happens
Color: How it works
The two phases of Photosynthesis
![Page 43: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Waves to Chemicals
![Page 44: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Waves to Chemicals
Photosynthesis is a process of taking light energy and turning it into chemical energy.
![Page 45: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Waves to Chemicals
Photosynthesis is a process of taking light energy and turning it into chemical energy.
This energy is stored as carbohydrates in plants.
![Page 46: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Photosynthesis
![Page 47: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Photosynthesis
Happens in two phases:
![Page 48: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Photosynthesis
Happens in two phases:
Light-dependent reactions - converts light energy into chemical energy
![Page 49: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Photosynthesis
Happens in two phases:
Light-dependent reactions - converts light energy into chemical energy
Light-independent reactions - produce glucose
![Page 50: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Where does photosynthesis occur?
![Page 51: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Where does photosynthesis occur?
In Chloroplasts there are thylakoid disks/grana
![Page 52: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Where does photosynthesis occur?
In Chloroplasts there are thylakoid disks/grana
Light-dependent reactions happen in the thylakoid membranes
![Page 53: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Where does photosynthesis occur?
![Page 54: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Where does photosynthesis occur?
Chloroplast
![Page 55: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Where does photosynthesis occur?
![Page 56: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Where does photosynthesis occur?Thylakoid Disks
![Page 57: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Pigments
![Page 58: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
PigmentsPigments are molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight.
![Page 59: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
PigmentsPigments are molecules that absorb specific wavelengths of sunlight.
Chlorophyll is the most common type of pigment in chloroplasts.
![Page 60: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Why we see Color
![Page 61: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Why we see Color
We see the colors that are reflected and not absorbed. Green pigments absorb all light except green (chlorophyll).
![Page 62: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Why we see Color
We see the colors that are reflected and not absorbed. Green pigments absorb all light except green (chlorophyll).
When the weather changes all the chlorophyll is absorbed into the tree.
![Page 63: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Why we see Color
![Page 64: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Why we see Color
![Page 65: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Why we see Color
![Page 66: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Why we see Color
![Page 67: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Why we see Color
![Page 68: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
Why we see Color
![Page 69: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
The Big Picture
![Page 70: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
The Big Picture Light Energy
![Page 71: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
The Big Picture Light Energy
Light-Dependent Reactions
![Page 72: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
The Big Picture Light Energy
Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions(Calvin Cycle)
![Page 73: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
The Big Picture Light Energy
Light-Dependent Reactions
Light-Independent Reactions(Calvin Cycle)
Stored Energy(stored as glucose)
![Page 74: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
Light – Dependent Reactions
![Page 75: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
Light – Dependent Reactions
A light-dependent reaction involves sunlight striking molecules of chlorophyll and exciting an electron.
![Page 76: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
Light – Dependent Reactions
A light-dependent reaction involves sunlight striking molecules of chlorophyll and exciting an electron.
In order to replenish a supply of electrons two water molecules are broken down into…
![Page 77: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
Light – Dependent Reactions
A light-dependent reaction involves sunlight striking molecules of chlorophyll and exciting an electron.
In order to replenish a supply of electrons two water molecules are broken down into…
4 electrons
![Page 78: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
Light – Dependent Reactions
A light-dependent reaction involves sunlight striking molecules of chlorophyll and exciting an electron.
In order to replenish a supply of electrons two water molecules are broken down into…
4 electrons
2 Oxygen molecules
![Page 79: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Light – Dependent Reactions
A light-dependent reaction involves sunlight striking molecules of chlorophyll and exciting an electron.
In order to replenish a supply of electrons two water molecules are broken down into…
4 electrons
2 Oxygen molecules
4 Hydrogen atoms
![Page 80: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
The Electron Transport Chain
![Page 81: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
The Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
![Page 82: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
The Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
The excited electron is passed down two different chains losing energy as it goes.
![Page 83: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)
The Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
The excited electron is passed down two different chains losing energy as it goes.
e-
![Page 84: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/84.jpg)
The Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
The excited electron is passed down two different chains losing energy as it goes.
e-
![Page 85: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/85.jpg)
The Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
The excited electron is passed down two different chains losing energy as it goes.
Energy Energye-
![Page 86: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/86.jpg)
The Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the thylakoid membrane.
The excited electron is passed down two different chains losing energy as it goes.
Energy Energye-
P PA P
![Page 87: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/87.jpg)
Forming ATP
P PA P
![Page 88: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/88.jpg)
Forming ATP
The energy that the electron lost during its journey down the chain is stored in the chemical bonds of ATP.
P PA P
![Page 89: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/89.jpg)
Forming ATP
The energy that the electron lost during its journey down the chain is stored in the chemical bonds of ATP.
The spare electron is picked up by NADP+
P PA P
![Page 90: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/90.jpg)
Forming ATP
The energy that the electron lost during its journey down the chain is stored in the chemical bonds of ATP.
The spare electron is picked up by NADP+
When NADP+ picks up an electron it becomes NADPH
P PA P
![Page 91: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/91.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-H O2
![Page 92: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/92.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-H O2
![Page 93: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/93.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-
H O2
![Page 94: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/94.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-Energy
H O2
![Page 95: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/95.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-Energy
P PA P
H O2
![Page 96: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/96.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-Energy
P PA P
Calvin CycleH O2
![Page 97: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/97.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-Energy
P PA P
Calvin CycleH O2+
![Page 98: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/98.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-Energy
P PA P
Calvin CycleH
O
2+
![Page 99: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/99.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-Energy
P PA P
Calvin CycleH
O
2+
![Page 100: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/100.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-
Energy
P PA P
Calvin CycleH
O
2+
![Page 101: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/101.jpg)
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
Light-Dependent Reaction
Cluster of chlorophyll molecules
e-
Energy
P PA P
Calvin Cycle
2H+ + NADP+ NADPH + H+
H
O
2+
![Page 102: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/102.jpg)
Light – Independent Reactions
![Page 103: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/103.jpg)
Light – Independent Reactions
This phase of photosynthesis does not require light.
![Page 104: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/104.jpg)
Light – Independent Reactions
This phase of photosynthesis does not require light.
This takes the products of the light reaction and turns it into sugars, starches, and/or cellulose.
![Page 105: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/105.jpg)
Light – Independent Reactions
This phase of photosynthesis does not require light.
This takes the products of the light reaction and turns it into sugars, starches, and/or cellulose.
Also called The Calvin Cycle
![Page 106: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/106.jpg)
The Calvin CycleCO2
Unstable6-carbon molecule
5-carbon molecule
H2O Two 3-carbonmolecules (2PGA)
NADPH + H+
NADP
P PA
P PA P
P+
6-carbon sugar(glucose)
Two 3-carbonsugars (2PGAL)
P PA PP PA P+
![Page 107: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/107.jpg)
The General Equation
![Page 108: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/108.jpg)
The General Equation
6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2
![Page 109: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/109.jpg)
The General Equation
6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Carbon Dioxide
![Page 110: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/110.jpg)
The General Equation
6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Water
![Page 111: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/111.jpg)
The General Equation
6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Glucose
![Page 112: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/112.jpg)
The General Equation
6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2
Oxygen
![Page 113: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/113.jpg)
The General Equation
What two vital substances do we get from photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H20 = C6H12O6 + 6O2
![Page 114: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/114.jpg)
In Review . . .
![Page 115: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/115.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Photosynthesis?
![Page 116: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/116.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Photosynthesis?
Where photosynthesis happens
![Page 117: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/117.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Photosynthesis?
Where photosynthesis happens
Color: How it works
![Page 118: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/118.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Photosynthesis?
Where photosynthesis happens
Color: How it works
The two phases of Photosynthesis
![Page 119: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/119.jpg)
Energy in a CellSection 9-3: Cellular Respiration
![Page 120: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/120.jpg)
In this Section . . .
![Page 121: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/121.jpg)
In this Section . . .
What is Cellular Respiration?
![Page 122: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/122.jpg)
In this Section . . .
What is Cellular Respiration?
The 3 Stages
![Page 123: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/123.jpg)
In this Section . . .
What is Cellular Respiration?
The 3 Stages
Fermentation
![Page 124: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/124.jpg)
What is Cellular Respiration?
![Page 125: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/125.jpg)
What is Cellular Respiration?
A process of taking oxygen and glucose and turning them into ATP, energy for the body.
![Page 126: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/126.jpg)
What is Cellular Respiration?
A process of taking oxygen and glucose and turning them into ATP, energy for the body.
Where do we get glucose?
![Page 127: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/127.jpg)
How efficient is Cellular Respiration?
![Page 128: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/128.jpg)
How efficient is Cellular Respiration?
A gasoline engine might be as efficient as 25%, meaning that 75% of the energy is given up as heat.
![Page 129: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/129.jpg)
How efficient is Cellular Respiration?
A gasoline engine might be as efficient as 25%, meaning that 75% of the energy is given up as heat.
Cellular respiration is 40% efficient with 60% of the energy going to heat.
![Page 130: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/130.jpg)
What is Cellular Respiration?
![Page 131: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/131.jpg)
What is Cellular Respiration?
Cellular respiration happens in 3 phases:
![Page 132: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/132.jpg)
What is Cellular Respiration?
Cellular respiration happens in 3 phases:
Glycolysis
![Page 133: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/133.jpg)
What is Cellular Respiration?
Cellular respiration happens in 3 phases:
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
![Page 134: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/134.jpg)
What is Cellular Respiration?
Cellular respiration happens in 3 phases:
Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)
![Page 135: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/135.jpg)
The Big Picture (3 Stages)
![Page 136: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/136.jpg)
The Big Picture (3 Stages)Glycolysis
![Page 137: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/137.jpg)
The Big Picture (3 Stages)Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle(Krebs Cycle)
![Page 138: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/138.jpg)
The Big Picture (3 Stages)Glycolysis
Citric Acid Cycle(Krebs Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain
![Page 139: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/139.jpg)
Glycolysis
![Page 140: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/140.jpg)
Glycolysis
A series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
![Page 141: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/141.jpg)
Glycolysis
A series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
4 ATP molecules are produced
![Page 142: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/142.jpg)
Glycolysis
A series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
4 ATP molecules are produced
2 ATP molecules are used in the process.
![Page 143: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/143.jpg)
Glycolysis
A series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
4 ATP molecules are produced
2 ATP molecules are used in the process.
The net gain is 2 ATP molecules
![Page 144: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/144.jpg)
Glycolysis
A series of chemical reactions in the cytoplasm of a cell that break down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
4 ATP molecules are produced
2 ATP molecules are used in the process.
The net gain is 2 ATP molecules
2 NADH molecules are produced
![Page 145: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/145.jpg)
Glycolysis
Glucose
![Page 146: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/146.jpg)
Glycolysis
GlucoseP
P
2 PGAL
2ATP 2ADP
![Page 147: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/147.jpg)
Glycolysis
GlucoseP
P
2 PGAL
2ATP 2ADP
2 molecules ofpyruvic acid4ADP 4ATP
2NAD+ 2NADH + 2H+
![Page 148: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/148.jpg)
Glycolysis
Notice that NAD+ picks up an electron
GlucoseP
P
2 PGAL
2ATP 2ADP
2 molecules ofpyruvic acid4ADP 4ATP
2NAD+ 2NADH + 2H+
![Page 149: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/149.jpg)
Intermediate Stage
![Page 150: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/150.jpg)
Intermediate Stage
Following Glycolysis pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria where it undergoes a series of chemical reactions that causes it to lose one CO2 molecule.
![Page 151: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/151.jpg)
Intermediate Stage
Following Glycolysis pyruvic acid moves into the mitochondria where it undergoes a series of chemical reactions that causes it to lose one CO2 molecule.
The intermediate product combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl-CoA.
![Page 152: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/152.jpg)
The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
![Page 153: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/153.jpg)
The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
A series of reactions that breaks down Acetyl-CoA to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
![Page 154: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/154.jpg)
The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
A series of reactions that breaks down Acetyl-CoA to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
One Molecule of ATP is produced.
![Page 155: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/155.jpg)
The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
A series of reactions that breaks down Acetyl-CoA to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
One Molecule of ATP is produced.
3 Molecules of NADH are produced
![Page 156: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/156.jpg)
The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
A series of reactions that breaks down Acetyl-CoA to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
One Molecule of ATP is produced.
3 Molecules of NADH are produced
1 FADH2 Molecule is produced
![Page 157: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/157.jpg)
The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
A series of reactions that breaks down Acetyl-CoA to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
One Molecule of ATP is produced.
3 Molecules of NADH are produced
1 FADH2 Molecule is produced
CO2 is a by-product of the Krebs Cycle
![Page 158: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/158.jpg)
The Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
A series of reactions that breaks down Acetyl-CoA to form ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
One Molecule of ATP is produced.
3 Molecules of NADH are produced
1 FADH2 Molecule is produced
CO2 is a by-product of the Krebs Cycle
This phase is similar to the Calvin cycle
![Page 159: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/159.jpg)
Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)
Acetyl CoA 6-carbon molecule
Oxaloacetic acid NADH + H+
NAD+Citric acid
CoA
CO2
4-carbon molecule
Succinic acid
CO2NADH + H+ NAD+
NAD+
NADH + H+
ATP ADP
FADH2
FAD+ Ketoglutaric acid
5-carbonmolecule
4-carbonmolecule
![Page 160: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/160.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
![Page 161: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/161.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the mitochondria membrane. (Similar in idea to plant cells)
![Page 162: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/162.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the mitochondria membrane. (Similar in idea to plant cells)
FADH2 & NADH carry electrons to the Chain.
![Page 163: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/163.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the mitochondria membrane. (Similar in idea to plant cells)
FADH2 & NADH carry electrons to the Chain.
O2 is the final electron acceptor.
![Page 164: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/164.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the mitochondria membrane. (Similar in idea to plant cells)
FADH2 & NADH carry electrons to the Chain.
O2 is the final electron acceptor.
O2 binds with H to form H2O
![Page 165: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/165.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
A series of proteins embedded in the mitochondria membrane. (Similar in idea to plant cells)
FADH2 & NADH carry electrons to the Chain.
O2 is the final electron acceptor.
O2 binds with H to form H2O
The ETC produces 36 ATP molecules
![Page 166: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/166.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
![Page 167: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/167.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
NADH FADH2
![Page 168: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/168.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
e-NADH FADH2
e-
![Page 169: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/169.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
e-
NADH FADH2
e-
![Page 170: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/170.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
e-
NADH FADH2
e- O2
![Page 171: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/171.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
NADH FADH2
H2O
![Page 172: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/172.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
Energy Energy
NADH FADH2
H2O
![Page 173: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/173.jpg)
Electron Transport Chain
Energy Energy
P PA P
NADH FADH2
H2O
![Page 174: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/174.jpg)
Fermentation
![Page 175: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/175.jpg)
Fermentation
Fermentation is a process that follows Glycolysis when Oxygen is not present.
![Page 176: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/176.jpg)
Fermentation
Fermentation is a process that follows Glycolysis when Oxygen is not present.
Two types of fermentation
![Page 177: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/177.jpg)
Fermentation
Fermentation is a process that follows Glycolysis when Oxygen is not present.
Two types of fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
![Page 178: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/178.jpg)
Fermentation
Fermentation is a process that follows Glycolysis when Oxygen is not present.
Two types of fermentation
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Alcoholic Fermentation
![Page 179: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/179.jpg)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
![Page 180: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/180.jpg)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Under anaerobic conditions, the Krebs cycle and ETC cannot happen
![Page 181: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/181.jpg)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Under anaerobic conditions, the Krebs cycle and ETC cannot happen
Two molecules of pyruvate uses NADH to form two molecules of lactic acid
![Page 182: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/182.jpg)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Under anaerobic conditions, the Krebs cycle and ETC cannot happen
Two molecules of pyruvate uses NADH to form two molecules of lactic acid
This releases NAD+, which can be used for glycolysis to continue happening
![Page 183: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/183.jpg)
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Under anaerobic conditions, the Krebs cycle and ETC cannot happen
Two molecules of pyruvate uses NADH to form two molecules of lactic acid
This releases NAD+, which can be used for glycolysis to continue happening
This yields ATP (not as much) that can be used for energy
![Page 184: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/184.jpg)
Alcoholic Fermentation
![Page 185: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/185.jpg)
Alcoholic Fermentation
Used by yeast cells
![Page 186: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/186.jpg)
Alcoholic Fermentation
Used by yeast cells
Produces CO2 and Ethyl Alcohol
![Page 187: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/187.jpg)
Alcoholic Fermentation
Used by yeast cells
Produces CO2 and Ethyl Alcohol
Yields 2 ATP
![Page 188: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/188.jpg)
In Review . . .
![Page 189: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/189.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Cellular Respiration?
![Page 190: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/190.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Cellular Respiration?
The 3 Stages
![Page 191: Chapter 9: Energy of the Cell](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022051513/5469202bb4af9fad1e8b4827/html5/thumbnails/191.jpg)
In Review . . .
What is Cellular Respiration?
The 3 Stages
Fermentation