Review of CrusadesChapter 9 section 3

Reasons for the Crusades

Pope Urban believed the Crusades would increase his power Possibly reunite the Eastern and Western

Churches Christians believed that their sins

would be forgiven if they participated in the Crusades

Reasons continued

Nobles hoped to gain wealth and land by participating in the Crusades

Adventurers saw the Crusades as a chance for travel and excitement

Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression by fighting in the Crusades

Initial Christian Victory

Only the 1st crusade came close to achieving its goal Capturing the city of Jerusalem

Divided their conquered lands into four small states

Muslim leaders tried to regain these kingdoms Leading to additional Crusades

Muslim Victory

Saladin a Muslim ruler was respected by both Christians and Muslims

Marched toward Jerusalem and took the city back from the Christians

Richard the Lion-Hearted won several victories in the 3rd Crusade by never captured the city

End of the Crusades

4th Crusade was supposed to regain Jerusalem Knights were divided Helped Venetian merchants defeat

Byzantine rivals Knights looted Constantinople 4th Crusade became a battle

between Christians

Impact of the Crusades (negative)

Crusades left behind a legacy of religious hatred between Christians and Muslims

Crusaders turned their hatred on Jews traveling to or from Palestine

Destroyed entire Jewish communities

Impact of the Crusades (positive)

Contact between Western and Eastern Europeans and the Muslim world resulted in cultural diffusion!

European economy began to grow

Europeans gained and expanded their view of the world

Cause and Effect of the CrusadesCAUSES EFFECTS•People wanted to fee the Holy Land from Seljuk control

•Many people wanted to get rich and gain new land

•Some people wanted to see new places

•Trade increased

•People of different religions grew to hate each other

•Popes became more powerful

•Feudal kings became more powerful

•Renting land helped to free serfs

•Europeans became interested in traveling

•People learned about other cultures

Trade Increase

Crusades led to new goods from the east that Europeans wanted… even after the Crusades

The economies of both the East and the West benefited from this commerce

Encouragement of Learning

As Europeans were introduced to Byzantine and Muslim culture, their interest in learning increased

Saw how they had preserved Greco-Roman learning They saw the advances the Byzantine

and Muslims made in mathematics, science, literature, art, and geographical knowledge

Changes in the Feudal System

Crusades increased the power of monarchs Gained the right to increase tax to

support fighting Institution of feudalism weakened

Instead of grain or labor Lords needed money

Asked for payment of rent in money Economy based on money (not land)

took hold