chapter one biology: the study of life. i. biology is the study of life
TRANSCRIPT
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Chapter One
Biology: The Study of Life
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I. Biology is the study of Life.
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II. What do Biologist do?
• A. Study diversity of life
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B. Research Diseases
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C. Develop Technologies
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D. Improve Agriculture
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E. Preserve the Environment
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III. Characteristics of Life
A. Anything that has or once had all the characteristics of life is known as an organism.
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B. Characteristics Include:
1. Composed of one or more cells: •Single-cell organisms have everything they need to be self-sufficient. •In multicellular organisms, specialization increases until some cells do only certain things.
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2. Displays Organization:
• Both molecular and cellular organization.
• Living things must be able to organize simple substances into complex ones.
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• Living things organize cells at several levels:
• Tissue - a group of cells that perform a common function.
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• Organ - a group of tissues that perform a common function.
• Organ system - a group of organs that perform a common function.
• Organism - any complete living thing.
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3. Grows and Develops
a. What is Growth?
(1) Cell division - the orderly formation of new cells.
• (2) Cell enlargement - the increase in size of a cell.
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• b. What is Development?
(1) all the changes that occur in life.
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4. Reproduces:
• Reproduction is not essential for the survival of individual organisms, but must occur for a species to survive.
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All living things reproduce in one of the following ways:
• Sexual reproduction - Producing offspring by the joining of sex cells.
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• Asexual reproduction - Producing offspring without the use of gametes.
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5. Responds to stimuli:
• Living things will make changes in response to a stimulus in their environment.
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6. Require energy:
• Living things take in energy and use it for maintenance and growth.
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7. Maintains Homeostasis
• Organisms keep internal conditions stable.
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8. Adaptations evolve over time:
• Adaptations are traits giving an organism an advantage in a certain environment.
• Variation of individuals is important for a healthy species
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• Gradual accumulations of adaptations over time is evolution.
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IV. The Nature of Science
• A. Science is a body of knowledge based on the study of nature and its physical settings.
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• B. Theory-an explanation of a natural phenomenon supported by observations and experiments over time
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• C. Science undergoes peer review -process by which the procedures and results of experiments are evaluated by scientists in the same field
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• D. Science in Everyday Life
– 1. forensics – 2. ethics - A system
defining right and
wrong.
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• Here are just a few areas in life science that involve ethics
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Human life • abortion
• euthanasia
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Heredity - parents and offspring
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Animal rights - animal rights vs human rights
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Genetics
• - genetic engineering
• manipulating genes
• cloning
• stem cells
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Use of the environment - at what financial cost
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V. The Methods of Biology
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A. Observing and Hypothesizing
• Inferences – process of making logical conclusions
• Scientific methods – used to gather information to answer questions
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B. Experimenting
1. Control group and experimental group
2. Independent Variable
3. Dependent Variable
4. Gathering Data– (a) Numerical Data (quantitative)– (b) Verbal Data ( qualitative or descriptive)
5. Analyze Data
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C. Conclusion
• 1. Publishing
• 2. Verifying Results
• 3. Revising!!!
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D. Tools used in Biology
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E. Safety in the Biology Lab