chapter one making a “new” world, to 1588. copyright © houghton mifflin company. all rights...

Chapter One

Making a “New” World, To 1588

Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 1-2

Berkin, Making AmericaChapter 1

American Indians originally migrated from Asia to the Western Hemisphere because of

1. the growing population pressure in the Eastern Hemisphere.

2. the lure of gold and other precious metals.

3. alternating periods of cooling and waning in the earth’s climate.

4. a religious visionary who told them they should seek spirituality in a new land.



American Indians originally migrated from Asia to the Western Hemisphere because of

3. alternating periods of cooling and waning in the earth’s climate.

Hint: The Ice Age exposed the land bridge of Beringia, making it possible to cross overland between Asia and North America. See pages 6–9.



Among the most important factors contributing to the development of the culture of early native North Americans was the transition from

1. metal to stone tools.

2. a matriarchal to a patriarchal society.

3. a shaman-led society to a warrior-led society.

4. big-game hunting to agriculture.



Among the most important factors contributing to the development of the culture of early native North Americans was the transition from

4. big-game hunting to agriculture.

Hint: As the climate warmed and the Ice Age ended, the large-game population became extinct. See page 9.



Why were the monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella willing to back Christopher Columbus’s endeavor to reach Asia by sailing west?

1. Christopher Columbus was a distant relative of Isabella.

2. They wanted to break into overseas trading, which was dominated in the east by the Arabs and in the south and west by the Portuguese.

3. They did not want the Vikings to discover the route first.

4. It was a joint effort of exploration with Portugal.



Why were the monarchs Ferdinand and Isabella willing to back Christopher Columbus’s endeavor to reach Asia by sailing west?

2. They wanted to break into overseas trading, which was dominated in the east by the Arabs and in the south and west by the Portuguese.

Hint: They did so in 1492. See page 20.



In establishing themselves in the Americas, Europeans were aided by

1. African slaves, whom they armed and led into battle.

2. Muslim traders who supplied them with guns and ammunition.

3. a long drought in the 1500s that wiped out the food supplies of most American Indians.

4. epidemics that ravaged American Indians.



In establishing themselves in the Americas, Europeans were aided by

4. epidemics that ravaged American Indians.

Hint: Diseases introduced by Europeans to the Western Hemisphere killed millions of American Indians, who lacked immunity to European diseases. See pages 23–24.



After three months of sailing where did Columbus land?

1. Cahokia

2. the Bahamas

3. the East Indies

4. Plymouth Rock



After three months of sailing where did Columbus land?

2. the Bahamas

Hint: See page 20.



Which group did NOT participate in African slave trade?

1. the Vikings

2. the ancient Egyptians

3. Muslims in North Africa

4. African tribes like the Ashanti



Which group did NOT participate in African slave trade?

1. the Vikings

Hint: See pages 25–26.



Before Columbus arrived in the Americas, the Native Americans

1. created wide, elaborate trading networks.

2. had ideas of land ownership identical to European concepts.

3. kept women in positions of inferiority in the social structure.

4. had no knowledge of agriculture.



Before Columbus arrived in the Americas, the Native Americans

1. created wide, elaborate trading networks.

Hint: Archaeological remains prove that North American Indians were bound together in trading networks. See page 23.



The Crusades by European Christians against Muslim strongholds in the Middle East

1. introduced the Islamic religion in England.

2. created the Protestant movement.

3. created demand for new products in Europe.

4. strengthened the hold of Louis XI in France.



The Crusades by European Christians against Muslim strongholds in the Middle East

3. created demand for new products in Europe.

Hint: The new products included, among others, silks and spices.



What do Henry VII of England and Louis XI of France have in common?

1. Both led crusades to the Holy Land.

2. Both took decisive steps to unify their nations.

3. Both led movements against the Catholic Church.

4. Both claimed part of the Americas after Columbus’s discovery.



What do Henry VII of England and Louis XI of France have in common?

2. Both took decisive steps to unify their nations.

Hint: See page 20.



Like the Crusades, the Reconquista was directed against

1. the Songhai Empire.

2. Muslim rule in an area contested by Europeans.

3. the Vikings.

4. the monarchy of Ferdinand and Isabella.



Like the Crusades, the Reconquista was directed against

2. Muslim rule in an area contested by Europeans.

Hint: In Spain and Portugal. See page 20.

chapter one making a “new” world, to 1588. copyright © houghton mifflin company. all rights...

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