chapter sixth edition world civilizations the global experience world civilizations the global...
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![Page 1: Chapter Sixth Edition World Civilizations The Global Experience World Civilizations The Global Experience Copyright ©2011, ©2007, ©2004 by Pearson Education,](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062320/56649f565503460f94c7ad8a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chapter
Sixth Edition
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
World CivilizationsThe Global Experience
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Classical Civilization in Classical Civilization in the Eastern the Eastern Mediterranean: Persia Mediterranean: Persia and Greeceand Greece
5
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Spread of Aryan Settlement
I. The Persian Empire: A New Perspective in the Middle East
II. The Political Character of Classical Greece
III. The Hellenistic Period
IV. Greek and Hellenistic Culture
V. Patterns of Mediterranean and Middle Eastern Society
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Persians
• 550 B.C.E., Cyrus the Great–Empire
•Conquered peoples retain culture• Zoroaster
–Good vs. evil–Last judgment
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Persian Empire in Its Main Stages
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East
• The Political Character of Classical Greece–Variety of polities
Aristocracy generally dominant
• Literacy–From 8th century B.C.E.
Iliad, Odyssey Basis for Hellenic culture
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Persian Empire: Parallel Power in the Middle East
• Architecture–Colonnaded buildings
• Arts–Sculpture–Black and red pottery
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Greek World
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The City-State as a Political Unit
•City-states (polis)–Participation
Assemblies, councils
• 500s–Conflict between aristocracy and middling class
Reform
–Solon of Athens–Greater participation
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The City-State as a Political Unit
• Poleis deeply united–Public religion–Political participation–Cultural events, e.g. theatre
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Rise of Democracy in Athens
• Solon• Peisistratus•Cleisthenes
–Council
• Popular assembly–Oversight of most of the government
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Rise of Democracy in Athens
•Offices filled by lot•Who was excluded?
–Women–Slaves–Foreigners and their children
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Fragmentation and Unity
•Colonization–Spread of Greek culture–Expansion of trade
•Religious games–Truces–Competition–Olympics–Delphi
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Fragmentation and Unity
•Conflict between cities–Persian Wars
Temporary unity Delian League• Dominated by Athens
–Athens versus Sparta Political contrast Competing alliances Peloponnesian War, 431-404 B.C.E.
• Athenian surrender, 404 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Greece and Greek Colonies,c. 431 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
The Hellenistic Period
• Spread of Greek rule, Greek culture• Formation of a common cultural area• Mediterranean, Near East
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Macedonian Conquest
•Macedon compared to southern Greece–Monarchy v. city-state–Plains v. mountainous–Linguistic differences
• Philip II (359-336 B.C.E.)–By 338 B.C.E., Greece conquered
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Alexander the Great
•Conquests, 334-331 B.C.E.
–Into India, Egypt–Cities founded
Alexandria
•Death, 323 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Alexander’s Empire and the Hellenistic World, c. 323 B.C.E.
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Later Hellenistic States
•Division–“Successor states”–Alexander’s generals rule–Egypt: Ptolemies
Relative stability
–Persia: Seleucids–Macedonia: Antigonids
Civil wars
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Later Hellenistic States
• Bactria–Blend of Indian and Greek culture
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Creativity in Greek and Hellenistic Culture
•Religion, Philosophy, and Science–Religion
Pantheon of gods with human traits Mystery religions• More emotional
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Creativity in Greek and Hellenistic Culture
•Religion, Philosophy, and Science–Philosophy
Socrates• Skepticism
Plato
–Stoics Moral fortitude
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Creativity in Greek and Hellenistic Culture
•Religion, Philosophy, and Science–Science
Pythagoras Euclid Galen Archimedes
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Literature and the Visual Arts
•Drama–Public, religious, typified by conflict–Sophocles
Tragedy
–Aristophanes Comedy
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Literature and the Visual Arts
•Drama–Oral epic
Homer
–History Herodotus Thucydides
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Literature and the Visual Arts
•Drama–Visual arts
Public• e.g. temples, victory sculpture
Human achievement central• Especially in Hellenistic period
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Hellenistic Culture
• Focus on exact sciences–Geometry, medicine, etc.
• Art more emotional, less idealized• Philosophy emphasizes withdrawal, not
engagement
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Patterns of Greek and Hellenistic Society
• Economic and Social Structure–Aristocracy
Power from land, military role
–Economic expansion, colonization Challenges role of aristocracy
–Merchants Ambiguous place in society
–Slavery From captives
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
Patterns of Greek and Hellenistic Society
•Men, Women, and Social Divisions–Patriarchy–Women
Legal and cultural disabilities
–Adultery in men tolerated Punishable in women
–Some improvement in Hellenistic period
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World Civilizations: The Global Experience, Sixth EditionStearns • Adas • Schwartz • Gilbert
A Complex Legacy
• Ideas–No lasting polities
• Artistic legacy–Direct and indirect–Consciously imitated, revived–Mingled with Middle Eastern legacy