chapter two notes
TRANSCRIPT
3 Parts of an Atom
Proton – positively charged
Neutron – no charge (neutral)
Electron – negatively charged
ElementsConsist entirely of 1 type of atom
(Periodic Table)Most Important Elements:
C - carbon
H - hydrogen
O - oxygen
N - nitrogen
Compounds
Combination of two or more elementsH²O - waterCO² - carbon dioxideNaCl – saltH²O² - hydrogen peroxideThe Most Abundant compound in living
things is H²O
Water
Cohesion – attraction b/w same substances
Adhesion – attraction b/w diff. substances
Solvent – does the dissolving (water)
Solute – gets dissolved (color)
Solution – even mixture (colored water)
Mixture – not chemically combined (flour/sugar)
pH Scale – determines how acidic or basic a substance is:
Strong Acid
Weak Acid
Strong Base
Weak Base
4 Macromolecules
1. Carbohydrates – main source of energy for living things
Example: Starches and Sugars
2. Lipids – stores energy
Examples: Fats, Oils, & Waxes
4 Macromolecules
3. Nucleic Acid – stores & transmits genetic information
Examples: Ribonucleic acid (RNA) or Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
4. Proteins – made of amino acids & controls cell processes, forms muscle, & helps fight disease
Examples: Meats, Peanuts, Enzymes
Enzymes
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions
Chemical Reactions – when one set of chemical turn into another set by breaking and forming new bonds.
Reactants Products
How Enzymes Work:1. Substrates bind to an enzyme (-ase)
2. Substrate changes into products
3. Products are released
4. Enzyme starts the process again
Draw: Catalase+ H²O² H²O + O²