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Chapter XVIII: The Rise of Russia

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Chapter XVIII:. The Rise of Russia. I: Ivan III (the Great). Born January 22, 1440, died October 27, 1505. Achievements: Triples the size of the Russian state. Ends Golden Horde control over Russia. (1462) Renovates and improves the Kremlin. Lays the foundation for the new Russian state. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Chapter XVIII:

Chapter XVIII:The Rise of Russia

Page 2: Chapter XVIII:

I: Ivan III (the Great)

• Born January 22, 1440, died October 27, 1505.• Achievements:• Triples the size of the Russian state.• Ends Golden Horde control over Russia. (1462)• Renovates and improves the Kremlin.• Lays the foundation for the new Russian state.• One of the longest reigning rulers in Russian history. (43

years)• Gains support from the Orthodox Church by marrying one of

the last Byzantine Empire’s princesses.• He is poisoned when he is 65, leaving his 3 year old son to

rule an empire. (Ivan IV)

Page 3: Chapter XVIII:

II: Ivan IV (The Terrible)

• Born August 25, 1530, died March 28, 1584.• Father (Ivan III) dies when he is 3, his mother dies when he is 8.• He becomes tsar when he 16 years of age.• Revises laws, creates an elite standing army, and brings in the first printing press.• Starts the modernizing and centralizing of the country.• After his wife’s death, he becomes erratic and a drunkard,

and in one of his drunken fits, kills his own son.• He ends up slaughtering many of the boyars because he

believed they were plotting to kill him.

Page 4: Chapter XVIII:

III: Peter I (The Great)

• Born June 9, 1672, died February 8, 1725.• Becomes ruler at a very young age, leadership is shared among him, his half-brother, and his half-sister.• He takes an 18 month journey to European nations and realizes how backwards Russia is.• Establishes a secret police and the first Russian Navy, recruits

specialists as advisors, systemizes law codes and tax systems, and approves of local magistrates.

• Devalues Parliament and gets rid of nobles and boyars.

Page 5: Chapter XVIII:

IV: Westernization

• More power was given to upper-class women, but nothing changed for the peasant women. • “Pass the Whip” ceremonies are stopped.• Women could wear western clothing, and attend public events.• “Beard Tax” and forced clothing changes were employed to take power away from the elite.• Western technologies about city planning and construction

allowed Peter and an army of hired craftsmen to build the Russian city of Petersburg from scratch.

Page 6: Chapter XVIII:

V: Catherine II (The Great)

• Born May 2, 1729, died November 17, 1796.• Hated her husband and son so much she disowned him so Peter III could not claim the throne.• Enlightened leader who was advised by many Europeans, discussed law codes and the French.• Gave new power to nobles, which made serf’s lives harder.• Extended borders down from modern day Alaska to

California.• Improved St. Petersburg, levied taxes, and encouraged the

nobility to travel around the world.

Page 7: Chapter XVIII:

VI: Serfdom

• Serfs worked the land, but they did not own it.• Made nobles happy, preventing revolts, and was an effective way of controlling the people. • 1649 – Hereditary Status initiated, if you are born a serf, you die a serf.• Serfs were bought, sold, gambled away, and punished

viciously by their masters.• Whole villages of serfs could be sold for manufacturing jobs.• They were poor, dirty, and illiterate.

Page 8: Chapter XVIII:

VII: Pugachev Rebellion

• Western-oriented aristocrats began pushing for change at the end of the 18th century.• Peasants became loyal to the tsars, and not lords.• The Pugachev rebellion promised an end to serfdom, taxation, military conscription, and landed aristocracy.• Organized by the Cossack chieftain Yemelyan Pugachev.• Sadly, the rebellion was crushed in southern Russia. • After he is captured, Yemelyan was drawn and quartered in

Moscow Square. Eew!

Page 9: Chapter XVIII:

FIN.