Words to Know:

Protozoan

Microsporidium

Contractile

vacuole

Pseudopod

Bioluminescent

Colony

Plasmodium

Chitin

Hypha

Septum

Spore

Sporangium

Rhizoid

Lichen

Mycorrhiza

Chapters 19 & 20

Protists & Fungi

Label the paramecium diagram above. (pg. 548)

I. Introduction to Protists (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 542)

a. Main Idea: Protists form a diverse group or organism

that are subdivided based on their method of obtaining

_________________.

b. Protists include unicellular and _____________eukaryotes.

c. The _______________ Protists might have formed through

endosymbiosis.

d. Protists might have been the first _____________________

- cells with chloroplast and mitochondria, evolving

____________ of years ago.

Organize: Complete the table below. (pg. 543)

Animal-like

Protists Plantlike Protists

Fungus-like

Protists

Group

Example(s)

Distinguishing

Characteristics

II. Protozoans: Animal-like Protists (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 546)

a. Main Idea: Protozoans are______________, heterotrophic

Protists

b. Protozoans are unicellular Protists that feed on other

________________________ to obtain nutrients.

c. Protozoans live in a variety of _______________________

environments.

d. Protozoans reproduce in a variety of ways, including

sexually and ________________________.

e. Protozoans have specialized methods for movement,

feeding, and maintaining ___________________________.

Fungi Summary: Document-Based Question

This map shows where Asian Soybean Rust Phakopsora

pachyrhizi is found in the United States. It is a recent arrival from

Brazil and other parts of South America. Its presence in each state

was diagnosed by the USDA. Soybean rust is a disease caused by

the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi, which has now become a

problem for farmers in the U.S. Losses from this infection can

cost up to 80% of a crop.

a. Speculate about the factors affecting the distribution of

soybean rust in the U.S.

b. Apply what you know about fungus to recommend a course

of action to eradicate this fungus.

c. Estimate the impact of this fungus on future soybean

production in the U.S.

IV. Fungal Partnerships

Two symbiotic relationships with fungi are critical to ecosystems:

1. Mycorrhiza: mutualistic relationship between plants and

fungi. Fungi transfers minerals from the soil to plants, and

plants supply carbs to the fungus.

2. Lichen: a symbiosis between a fungus and a photosynthetic

partner like green algae or cyanobacteria. Lichen inhabit

extreme environments, like rocks, bare soil, and tree trunks,

which makes them critical for primary succession. Lichens

are also used to monitor air quality.

Label the amoeba diagram. (pg. 550)

Organize facts about amoebas in the chart below: (pg. 543, 550)

Phylum Excretion method

Habitats Feeding method

Body structure Reproduction method

Habitat Movement Method

Ciliophora

(pg. 546)

Sarcodina

(pg. 550)

Apicomplexa

(pg. 551)

Conjugation (pg. 548)

a. The process of _______________________ for paramecium

is typical of most ciliates.

b. During conjugation, ______________ paramecium form a

____________________________ and their nuclei undergo

meiosis.

c. _____ micronuclei from each cell is ______________, and

the two separate.

d. The ______________ combine and for a new ____________

macronucleus.

Label the diagram of bread mold. (pg. 583)

III. Ecology of Fungi (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 587)

1. Main Idea: Lichens and mycorrhizae demonstrate

important ________________ relationships between fungi

and other organisms.

2. Lichens are examples of _________________ relationships

between a fungus and an alga or a cyanobacterium

3. Mycorrhizae help plants obtain ________ and __________

by increasing the _______________________ of their roots.

4. Compounds obtained from fungi are used for a variety of

______________________.

5. Many foods eaten by people are made from __________.

6. Fungi can have ____________________ effects on humans

Sporangiophore

II. Diversity of Fungi (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 582)

a) Main Idea: Fungi exhibit a broad range of diversity and

are classified into _______ major _________.

b) Zygomycetes reproduce ___________ by forming

______________.

c) Ascomycetes produce _____________ within a saclike

structure called an _____________ during sexual

reproduction

d) Basidiomycetes produce _____________ during sexual

reproduction.

e) Sexual reproduction in the phylum _____________ has

never been observed.

Model a phylogenic tree and label the major phyla. (pg. 582)

III. Algae-Plantlike Protists (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg.553)

a. Main Idea: Algae are plantlike, autotrophic Protists that

are the _______________ for aquatic ecosystem

b. Algae are ______________Protists

c. Algae are important producers of ________________ and

food for aquatic ecosystem

d. Euglenoids, diatoms, and dinoflagellates are

_________________ algae

e. Red, brown, and green algae have _____________forms.

f. The life cycles of algae include an alternation of

_________________________ .

Organize: Complete the chart below about algae. (pg. 553)

Algae

Like plants: Unlike Plants:

Function of secondary

pigments:

Found in many colors

because:

In the space, draw the euglena as shown on pg. 556.

Summarize: The alternation of generations. (pg. 560)

The haploid form of the

algae, ___________________ ,

produces _________________.

The diploid form is called

a ______________________.

The gametes join to form a

_________________.

Certain cells in the

sporophyte undergo

_______________.

From the zygote, the

________________ form of

the algae will develop.

These spores are _________

that will develop into new

_______________________.

Describe the kingdom Fungi. (pg. 576)

List three features of fungi that distinguish them from plants.

1. _____________________________________________________

2. _____________________________________________________

3. _____________________________________________________

Complete the table by checking the correct column(s) for each

characteristic. (pg. 578)

Characteristic Saprophytic

Fungi Parasitic Fungi Mutualistic Fungi

Harmful to

host

Helpful to

host

Heterotrophs

Organic litter

reducers

Symbiosis

Saprophytic Fungi: fungi that obtains nutrients from dead organic matter.

Parasitic Fungi: fungi that thrives on latching onto other organisms and taking

nutrients from them

Mutualistic Fungi: fungi that are interdependent and can’t survive without the

other

Most are ________________________.

Unicellular fungi are known as

____________________.

Kingdom Fungi

I. Introduction to Fungi (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 576)

a) Main Idea: Fungi are unicellular or multicellular

eukaryotic _____________ that are _________________.

b) Fungi produce ____________ that form a netlike mass

called a _____________.

c) There are ___________ different methods by which fungi

obtain food.

d) Fungi can reproduce asexually by ___________,

_____________, or producing __________.

e) Most fungi can reproduce ____________, also by

producing spores.

Label the diagram above. (pg. 579)

Some Uses for Algae: (pg. 559)

Type Uses

Red

Brown

Green

Diatoms

IV. Fungus-like Protists (4A, 4B, 8A, 8C) (pg. 561)

a. Main Idea: Fungus-like Protists obtain their nutrition by

absorbing nutrients from __________ or ____________

organisms.

b. The cell walls of fungus-like protest do not contain

__________.

c. Slime molds, water molds, and downy mildew grow in

________ or damp places.

d. Acellular slime molds form a plasmodium that contains

many ____________but no separate cells.

e. Cellular slime molds form colonies of cells to

______________.

f. Water molds ___________ their food source with a mass

of threads.

Compare and Contrast: Acellular and cellular slime molds by

using the following phrases to complete the diagram. (pg. 561)

Move and surround food like amoeba

Flagellated during part of life cycle

Most of life cycle spent as single amoeba-like cells

Form colonies when food is scarce

Mobile mass of cytoplasm with no separate cells

Make spores to reproduce

Protists Summary: Complete the table below by checking the

correct columns for each description.

Description Ciliophora

(pg. 546)

Sarcodinia

(pg. 550)

Apicomplexia

(pg. 551)

Zoomastigina

(pg. 552)

Reproduces

through

spores

Uses flagella

for movement

Has

numerous

short hair-like

projections

Uses

pseudopods

for feeding &

locomotion

Acellular Cellular

Both