chapters 4 and 5 unit 2- a new nation-early america
TRANSCRIPT
CHAPTERS 4 AND 5
Unit 2- A New Nation-Early America
Bell Work
What is the importance of the Constitution?What kind of government does the U.S. have?What are the roles of our branches of
government?List as many of the ten amendments as you
can?Who is known as ‘The father of the
Constitution’?What does it mean when people say the
Constitution is ‘A living document’?
Without British rule, new governments must be created The Articles of Confeder
ation(1777-1787)
State governments:Draft constitutions with a bill of rightsBi-cameralDirect voteWeak governorsPower to tax, create currency, militia, establish courts
First U.S. governmentUnicameral- CongressEach state gets one voteCould declare warCould make lawsCould make treatiesCreate an army and
navyPostal systemBorrow money
A New Nation, A New Governmentgovernments
A Need for Change
The Articles of Confederation proves to be too weak to govern the states
No power to taxNo authority over the
statesCan’t not enforce the lawNo executive or judicial
branchNo national currencyNo ability to regulate
trade
Problems of the New Nation
Spain-Florida-New Orleans
Debt-France-CitizensBarbary PiratesWestern Land ClaimsState boundary
disputesTalk of secessionShays Rebellion
Constitutional Convention
1787-Philapedia, PA12 of 13 states 55 delegatesThrow out articlesBig vs. little-
economic differences and slavery
Virginia Plan-James Madison
Basis for constitution3 branches
Fight over representationNew Jersey PlanGreat Compromise
Two houses One by pop. One for equal for the
statesSlavery-How will they be
counted?3/5ths compromiseSlave trade would remain
open for next 20 years
A New Government-Big Ideas of the Constitution
The Construction becomes the supreme law of the land
Limited governmentFounded a representative
government-RepublicFederalism- a system which
power is divided between states and federal government
Check and BalancesSeparation of PowersPopular sovereignty- people
choose(not Senate or President)
The Document- A living document?
Page 91 Elastic clause Article
1,section 8, 18 Taxes- Article 1, section 9,
4 Civil unrest- Article 4,
section 4, Supremacy Clause-Article
6, section 2 Slavery- Article 1, section
2, 3 Article 4, section 3
U.S. Constitution: A MORE PERFECT UNION
Preamble: establishes six goals of the U.S. government
To form a more perfect unionEstablish justiceInsure domestic tranquilityProvide for the common defensePromote the general welfareSecure the blessing of liberty to ourselves
and our posterity
U.S. Constitution: A MORE PERFECT UNION
The founding felt the best way to prevent the abuse of power was to divide it.
Federalism: Reserved and Concurrent powers between state and national government
Supremacy Clause: Article VI: states the constitution is the “Supreme law of the land”, national supersedes state law What are 3
powers of the national and state governments? What are 3 shared powers?
U.S. Constitution: A MORE PERFECT UNION
Checks and Balances: System to limit the powers of each branch.
Federalists Anti-Federalists
Support the constitution
Washington, Franklin, Madison, Hamilton, John Jay
Write The Federalist Papers
Patrick Henry, Jefferson, Samuel Adams
Feared a stronger national government
Wanted a clear bill of rights
Debate over Ratification
9 of 13 states are needed to pass the ConstitutionRatification proves to be a difficult process
The Bill of Rights
The Constitution is ratified in 1788 with the guarantee of a bill of rights
James Madison drafts a copyPassed in 1791Refers the first ten- today there are 27Page 102- Copy down the first 10
Voting for President: The Constitution Right that doesn’t exist: Electoral College
The founding fathers feared direct democracy by an uninformed mob
Instead of direct democracy they choose the Electoral College
538 electors vote for President!!
Why do we still have this system?
Arguments For Certainty of Results Discourages 3rd Parties Precludes Possibility of National Re-
Count of Votes Keeps States as Integral Part of
Presidential Selection Process Keeps Small States as Viable
Participants
Arguments Against Can distort popular vote Discourages 3rd parties Disenfranchises Voters in States
Which Support Electoral College Loser
Allows for the "Faithless Elector" It Is Archaic - Based on Political
Considerations No Longer Relevant Gives Undue Power to "Swing States"
Electoral College Essay
Should the Electoral College system of electing President continue or be replaced?
Your answer should include specific reasons to support your position.
Due Friday-20 points
Individual Reports-Key People of the 1800’s
30 points- Content of information, on-time, presentation, picture
Project requirements:Research two key figure during the 1800s (no presidents)Give a brief power point presentation on your people (2
slides minimum, 2 pictures )Provide background information on your person and
explain their role in American History What do they do? Why are they important? What impact to
they have on history?Picture- matted on paper, picture-name, dates, one
paragraph minimum summary of personPresentation start next Tuesday, Pictures due Tuesday
Bell Work
Name the first four Presidents of the United States
List any events you know of in American History from 1789-1815
List two advantages and disadvantages of political parties
George Washington- 1st President 1789-1797
Goals Strengthen Government Strengthen Economy Remain Neutral(expect
Natives)Government
Appoints a cabinet Appoint first Supreme Court- Uses force to put down the
Whiskey Rebellion
Economy Alexander Hamilton Pay all debts in full National Bank Loans to businesses
Neutral French Revolution America neutral(trade
with both) British stop ships,
support Native American attacks
Washington attacks Ohio Valley tribes, surrender Ohio
Birth of Political PartiesFarewell Address: Advice to the Nation
Alliances and foreign wars
Huge national debtOverpowering military
establishmentPolitical PartiesImportance of civic duty,
morality, religionRegional
differences/Secession
George Washington
John Adams-2nd President 1797-1801
FederalistV.P-Jefferson (R)Administration is
marked by political fighting
Alien and Sedition Act- Harder for immigrates
to become citizens, Deportation
Limit freedom of speech and the press-No bad talking the government
Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809
“Revolution of 1800”-peaceful transfer of power
Democratic-Republican(V.P. Aaron Burr)
Less government-Common man
Marbury v. Madison-Judicial Review
Neutral- Embargo of 1807-hurts U.S. economy
The Louisiana Purchase 1803
Purchase from France15 million or 4 cents
an acreDoubles the nationLewis and Clark
Expedition-SacajaweaOpens to door to the
west and sets America’s future path
James Madison-4th President 1809-1817
Democratic – Republican
Guides America through the War of 1812
Reading Assignment
Read Chapter 4 section 3 pages 112-118 and Chapter 5, section pages 130-135
Quiz Wednesday on the reading and the notes from last week(Articles and Constitution)
The War of 1812(1812-1815)
Causes1. Trade restrictions /Impressment2. Native American Conflict3.War Hawks-land (NW TERR/Canada)4. Politics-Madison’s election, dislike Great Britain
5. No Communication!
Events1. Tecumseh is killed2.U.S. invade Canada, burn York3.British burn the White House4. Francis Scott Key writes what will become the National Anthem(Battle of Baltimore)5. Key victory-Battle of New Orleans
Effects1. British and major Indian resistance gone2.A sense of nationalism3. National hero in Andrew Jackson4.Began an era of national expansion and economic growth
Era of Good Feeling 1815-1830
American’s gain a national identity Intense patriotism
Economic growth-westward expansion Opening of westward land for settlement(new states) New inventions, urbanization
Assert ourselves internationally Treaties with Spain Monroe Doctrine
Monroe Doctrine 1823
5th President-James Monroe (1817-1825)
Democratic-RepublicanImproves America’s role as
the dominant power of North America
Greatly aided by his Secretary of State-John Quincy Adams(6th President)
Rush-Bagot Treaty(1817)-Disarms the Great Lakes
Adams-Onis Treaty(1819)-Spain cedes Florida to the U.S.
When did America become an international power?
Monroe Doctrine- Closes the western hemisphere to European colonization
Backed by American threat of force
Bell work
In a small group, come up with a list of possible solutions for Native Americans in dealing with the Americans.
Which one would you choose?
Tecumseh and The Shawnee Prophet
Tecumseh is a Shawnee Chief
Goal is to resist American expansion
Create a sovereign Indian Nation in the Ohio/ Great Lakes Region
Attempts to build a unified Native American resistance
His brother preaches a message of cultural revival
Primary Source Reading(class)
Andrew Jackson-7th President
Born poor, rises through the army
Battle of New Orleans/Fights Creeks and Seminoles in Florida(invades)
Loses election of 1824 ‘Corrupt Bargain’
1829-1837 Elected the 7th President of the U.S.(Democrat)
Best known for…….. War Hero Champion of the common man Duals Spoils system Tariff Crisis(Secession) Destroying the National Bank Excessive Presidential Power
Indian Removal Act 1830/Trail of Tears
Pushed by President Jackson, the act gave him the power to negotiate removal treaties of all Native American nations east of the Mississippi River.
Jackson uses the act to force nations to sign over their land in exchange for land in the west(Present day Oklahoma/Kansas)
The Removal Act impacts many nations, mainly “Five Civilized Tribes” Cherokee Choctaw Chickasaw Creek Seminole
The Trail of Tears refers to the suffer and death along the route west
1831-1838-46,000 moved, estimated 5,000-10,000 die
25 million acres of land!
Cherokee Resistance
Fight through the court system
Worchester v. Georgia
Chief Justice John Marshall rules the Cherokee can stay, sovereign nation
Jackson- “Let him enforce it”
Video Questions How do the Americans promote
Native American assimilation? How do the Cherokee assimilate? Why do the Americans want the
Cherokee land?
Video Two Why do the Cherokee believe they have
a good relationship with President Jackson?
Explain the difference between John Ross and Major Ridge opinion’s on how to resist removal.
What was the U.S. governments purpose for the removal?
What does the Indian Removal Act eventually create in the U.S.?
Why is the Indian Removal Act important for every American to know about?
Reading Assignments
Tecumseh1.What does President
Jefferson hope Native Americans will do?
2. How does assimilation impact native tribes?
3. What role does William Henry Harrison play in these events.
4. At what battle does Tecumseh die? What dies with him?
Cherokee Primary sources
Read documents A,B,C,D and answer the questions for each document
Economic Growth-Chapter 5, Section 2 pg. 140-147
Your group will read one section, summarize the key information and share your information with another group.
From Farms to Factories
Transportation Revolution
Politics and the Economy
From Farms to Factories Factory System Lowell Girls
Transportation Revolution Roads-Tolls Erie Canal Steamboats Railroads
Politics and the Economy Henry Clay-American
System Mutual-dependence Regional interests-Conflict
Class Reading
Primary Source-Doing Business in America
Discuss