Wel-Come

Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth, Parbhani.

Department of SSAC, College of Agriculture, Latur.

Master’s Seminar On Characterization and Classification of Soils of

Marathwada RegionPresented By

Mr. Saurabh Samadhan WadneReg. No. 2015 A/50 ML

Seminar InchargeDr. P. H. Vaidya

Asso.Prof. Department of SSAC, College of Agriculture, Latur.

Research GuideDr. P. H. Vaidya

Asso.Prof. Department of SSAC, College of Agriculture, Latur.

Soil Characteristic :

• Morphological

• Physical

• Chemical

• Mineralogical &

• Biological

Morphological charateristics

Soil Morphology - The study of soils and their description under field conditions .

Soil horizons ;their identification and designation Soil colour and mottling Soil consistence Soil structure Soil TextureBoundary

SOIL SURVEY DIVISSION STAFF(2004)SOIL SURVEY MANUAL

Physical characteristics

Partical size distribution

Available water capacity

Bulk density

Hydraulic conductivity

Chemical characteristics

pH

EC (ds/m)

CEC (cmol (p+)/kg soil)

CaCO3

Organic Carbon

Exchangeable Ca++ ,Mg++, Na+, K+

Base saturation (%)

What do you mean by soil classification?

Definition : Systematic grouping of objects into categories more orderly and logical manner on the basis of their classification.

TYPES :

I. Genetic system of classification II. FAO/UNESCO system of classification III. Comprehensive system of classification (soil taxonomy )

Order Sub order Great group Sub group Family

OBJECTIVES

To Know the Morphological, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of soils of Marathwada Region.

To Know the Classification Soils of Marathwada Region .

Geographically Marathwada region is situated between 170. 35’ to 200.40’ North latitudes and 740.40’ to 780.15’ East longitude.

The region is bounded by the Jalgaon, Buldhana and Akola districts on the north, by the Nasik and Ahmednagar districts on the west, Solapur district on south side and Andhra Pradesh on the east.

The total geographical area of Marathwada region is 64525 sq.kms. with 57.0 lakh hectares suitable for agriculture.

However net sown area is only 75 per cent of total geographical area. This is 12 per cent of the Maharashtra.

In Marathwada district-wise geographical area is Aurangabad 10100 sq. kms, Beed 10693 sq.kms., Nanded 12442.08 sq. kms. Latur 7157.00 sq. kms.,Jalna 7718.00 sq.kms., Hingoli 8056.05 sq.kms., Parbhani 6511.58 sq.kms., and Osmanabad 7512 sq.kms.

Location

Map of Marathwada Region

Situated between 170. 35’ to 200.40’ North latitudes and 740.40’ to 780.15’ East longitude.

Most of the region is covered with deep black cotton soil derived from the Deccan trap volcanic rock.

However, the soils vary greatly in texture and depth. The deep black soils are found along the river banks of Godavari, Manjara, Purna, Dudhana and Penganga and their tributaries and the soil is capable of retaining moisture.

The soils are, however, course, shallows and relatively poor, along the hill slopes and at the foots of the hills. The major portion of the region is covered by medium black soil. The medium and deep soil in the region is rich in plant nutrients and can support kharif or rabbi crops like jowar, bajra, wheat, pulses, cotton, sugarcane.

The Soil

The medium black soil covers about 64.75 per cent portion of the Marathwada region.

The coarse and shallow soil covers about 22.26 per cent portion of the Marathwada region, percentage of coarse shallow soil is the highest in Aurangabad district and the lowest in Osmanabad district.

Cont,..

Marathwada region revives an annual rainfall of 740.37mm. The annual average rainfall is not uniform in all district of Marathwada regions.

In last 15 years annual average rainfall is 651.07 mm. in Aurangabad, 806.8 mm. in Parbhani, 706.74 mm. in Beed, 879.27 mm. in Nanded, 701.6 mm. in Osmanabad, 696.64 mm. in Jalna, 784.6 mm. in Latur and 744.86 mm. in Hingoli.

In last fifteen years highest annual average rainfall in Nanded district and lowest in Aurangabad district.

Rainfall

Districtwise Characterization and Classification of soils of Marathwada Region

OSMANABAD

PARBHANI

NANDED

LATUR

BEED

AURANGABAD

JALNA

Osmanabad District

Characterization of Soils of representative pedons of Osmanabad District.

Horizons Depth(cm) Boundary Matrix

colour Texture Structure Consistency Pores Roots Effervescence

Pedon 1 Kini (Lithic Ustorthents)

Ap 0-18 cs 10YR4/4D10YR3/4M scl 2mgr Sh,fr,sopo mf mf e

Ac 18-28 gs 10YR5/6 scl 3mgr lfrsopo mf mcm eM 28-46 ---------murrum ( Weather Basalt)-------- 10YR6/4

Pedon 2 Dhoki ( Typic Ustochrepts )

Ap 0-19 cs 10YR4/2D10YR3/2M c 2msbs sh,fr,ssps mvf cf e

Bw 19-43 cs 10YR3/2 c 3mabk vh,fr,msmp ff cf eBc 43-86 - 10YR5/6 sl 2cgr sf,rsopo mc ff eM >86 ----------murrum ( Weather Basalt)-------- 10YR6/4

Pedon 3 Ter ( Typic Haplusterts )

Ap 0-17 cs 10YR4/2D10YR3/2M c 2msbk hfispss mf mcf e

Bw 17-36 gs 10YR3/2 c 3mabk hfispss mf fvf eBSS1 36-60 gw 10YR3/2 c 3mabk hvfivsvp ff fvf eBSS2 60-92 gw 10YR4/2 c 3mabk hvfivsvp ff fvf eBSS3 92-130 gw 10YR4/4 c 3mabk hvfivsvp -- ---- e

Bc 130-150 -- 10YR4/3 c 3cabk hvfivsvp -- ---- e

Table No 1 :- Morphological Characteristics of Soils of representative pedons of Osmanabad Tahsil .

Patil et.al (2011)

Horizons Depth(cm)

Coarse Fragme

nt%

BD(Mg m-3)

HC(cm hr/1)

Particle size analysis (%)

Moisture retention (%)

AWC (%)

PAWC (mm)

Sand Silt Clay 33 kPa 1500 kPa

Pedon 1 Kini (Lithic Ustorthents)Ap 0-18 34.06 1.23 28.42 56.19 25.76 18.05 19.3 7.8 11.5

90.0Ac 18-28 82.43 1.44 29.50 60.69 23.51 15.80 19.4 7.3 12.1M 28-46 96.00 2.15 35.50 ----------murrum ( Weather Basalt)--------

Pedon 2 Dhoki ( Typic Ustochrepts ) Ap 0-19 8.03 1.34 10.88 11.44 29.64 58.92 26.3 12.1 14.2

156.2Bw 19-43 11.63 1.48 10.28 17.13 22.05 60.82 31.60 17.2 14.5Bc 43-86 46.09 1.38 17.42 37.57 26.1 36.33 19.4 7.3 12.1M >86 ----------murrum ( Weather Basalt)--------

Pedon 3 Ter ( Typic Haplusterts ) Ap 0-17 10.42 1.51 1.32 7.79 34.69 57.62 37.6 21.3 16.3

259.62

Bw 17-36 12.90 1.51 1.24 7.38 35.26 69.36 37.60 21.8 15.9BSS1 36-60 14.46 1.59 1.28 7.46 26.56 65.98 39.3 23.6 15.7BSS2 60-92 15.00 1.69 0.27 7.28 22.94 59.78 46.3 27.2 19.1BSS3 92-130 18.66 1.68 0.78 9.75 33.82 56.43 47.9 27.1 20.8

Bc 130-150 20.5 1.55 0.34 6.28 42.7 51.02 46.2 27.8 18.4

Table No 2:- Physical Characteristics of Soil representative pedons of Osmanabad Tahsil .

Patil et.al (2011)

Horiz-ons

Depth(cm) pH

EC(dSm

-1)

OC(%)

CaCO3

(%)

CEC(cmol

(P+)kg-1)

Cations (cmol(P+)kg-1)B.S (%)

ESPCa+ Mg+ Na+ K+

Sum ofCations

(cmol(P+)kg-1)Pedon 1 Kini (Lithic Ustorthands)

Ap 0-18 6.8 0.07 0.7 1.5 23.46 12.8 10.4 0.02 0.24 25.67 92 0.08Ac 18-28 6.9 0.08 0.4 0.7 22.46 12.8 10.2 0.03 0.23 24.02 94 0.13

M 28-46 ----------murrum ( Weather Basalt)--------

Pedon 2 Dhoki ( Tyoic Ustochrepts ) Ap 0-19 7.6 0.2 0.5 4.5 28.09 16.2 10.2 0.37 0.20 26.97 96 1.3Bw 19-43 7.7 0.1 0.5 4.1 30.81 18.6 11.0 0.44 0.16 30.02 98 1.4Bc 43-86 7.8 0.1 0.3 9.1 32.97 18.9 11.0 0.20 0.24 30.34 92 0.6M >86 ----------murrum ( Weather Basalt)--------

Pedon 3 Ter ( Typic Hplussterts ) Ap 0-17 7.9 0.2 0.6 10.3 44.08 30.6 11.0 0.85 0.31 42.76 97 1.92Bw 17-36 8.0 0.2 0.6 11.2 41.75 28.6 10.8 1.22 0.30 40.92 98 2.92

BSS1 36-60 8.2 0.2 0.5 11.6 41.94 28.0 11.0 1.82 0.29 41.11 98 4.33BSS2 60-92 8.3 0.3 0.4 10.1 40.01 26.4 11.0 1.53 0.28 39.21 98 3.82BSS3 92-130 7.7 0.6 0.3 11.2 39.24 26.0 10.2 2.0 0.26 38.46 98 5.0

Bc 130-150 7.8 0.9 0.2 12.8 37.83 25.4 9.4 2.7 0.26 37.08 98 5.47

Patil et.al (2011)

Table No 3:- Chemical Characteristics of Soils of representative pedons of Osmanabad Tahsil.

PedonNo. Order Suborder Great

Group Subgroup Family

P1 Entisols Orthents Ustorthents Lithic UstorthentsSandy clay loam, montmorilonitic,

hyperthermic

P2 Inceptisols Orchrepts Ustochrepts Typic Ustochrepts Clayey, montmorilonitic, hyperthermic

P3 Vertisols Usterts Haplusterts Typic HaplustertsClayey, montmorilonitic,

hyperthermic

P4 Entisols Orthents Ustorthents Typic Ustorthents

Sandy clay loam, montmorilonitic,

hyperthermic

P5 Inceptisols Orchrepts Ustochrepts Typic UstochreptsClayey, montmorilonitic,

hyperthermic

P6 Vertisols Usterts Haplusterts Typic HaplustertsClayey, montmorilonitic,

hyperthermic

Table No . 4:- Classification of soils of Study Area of Osmanabad District

Patil et.al (2011)

Latur District

Characterization of Soils of representative pedons of Latur District.

Horizons Depth(cm)

Boundary

Matrix colour

Texture

Structure Consistency Pores Roots Efferve

scence

Pedon-P 3 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Village - Manjra Ta.; Latur Dist. Latur (Typic Haplustepts)

Ap 0-15 cs 10YR4/3 c m2 sbk sh, fr, ss, sp vfm, fm vfm, fm, mc ev

Bw 15-29 cs 10YR3/1 c m2 abk ss, sp vfm, fm fm, mc ev

BC 29-37 cs 10YR4/4 c m1 abk ss, sp cm mf e

C 37-50 - 10YR5/4 cl m3 gr ns, np cm cf e

Pedon-P 4 Shri. Sham Barure, Village- Harangul (bk) Ta.; Latur Dist. Latur (Typic Haplustepts)

Ap 0-17 cs 10YR3/3 c f1 sbk sh, fr, ss, sp vfm vfm, fm, mc ev

Bw 17-26 cs 10YR3/3 c m2 sbk sh, vfr, vs, vp vfm vfm, fm, mc ev

Bc 26-38 cs 10YR3/3 c m1 gr ns, np vfm fc, mc e

C 38-60 - 10YR6/6 l m2 gr ns, np cm vfm, fm e

Table No 5 :- Morphological characteristics of sugarcane growing soils of Latur district.

Manwar et.al (2015)

Table No 6:- Physical Characteristics Of Sugarcane Growing Soils Of Latur District

Horizons

Depth(cm)

Coarsefragmen

t(%)

BD(Mg m-3)

HC(cm hr-

1)

Partical size analysis (%)

Moisture retention (%)

AWC (%)

PAWC (mm)

Sand Silt Clay 33 kPa 1500kPa

Pedon-P 1 Shri. Sanjay Nade, Village- Murud Ta.; Latur Dist. Latur (Typic Ustorthents)

Ap 0-21 15.67 1.40 17.3 20.96 35.71 43.32 33.8 21.5 12.3

82.67Ac 21-34 14.16 1.55 19.4 26.37 22.19 51.43 20.6 12.8 7.8

M 34-63 32.49 1.77 - 41.02 25.49 33.48 29.1 23.1 6

Pedon-P 2 Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Village - Manjra Ta.; Latur Dist. Latur (Typic Haplusterts)

Ap 0-24 9.16 1.32 5.63 8.01 29.61 62.36 40.6 24.4 16.2

300.98

Bw 24-39 8.23 1.38 6.2 6.25 27.64 66.1 38.2 20.5 17.7Bss1 39-66 9.56 1.56 6.14 4.58 28.87 66.54 41.2 23.3 17.9Bss2 66-90 8.49 1.72 5.91 3.12 32.97 63.9 43.1 28.4 14.7

Bss3 90-110 12.62 1.68 5.21 5.47 30.33 64.19 42.9 20.0 22.9

Bss4 110-150 13.75 1.73 5.34 6.24 29.78 63.97 39.8 20.3 19.5 Manwar et.al (2015)

Horizons

Depth(cm)

pH

EC(dSm-

1)

OC(%)

CaCO3

(%)

CEC(cmol(P+)kg-1)

Cations (cmol(P+)kg-1) Sum ofCations

(cmol(P+)kg-

1)

B.S (%)Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+

P- 7 Shri. Shaik Chand Bapusab, Village- Umbadga Ta.; Ausa Dist. Latur (Typic Haplustepts)

Ap 0-12 7.82 0.10 0.60 2.75 58.60 31.20 21.60 1.94 1.27 56.01 95.58

Bw 12-24 7.85 0.07 0.52 1.90 58.21 28.00 25.60 1.80 0.77 56.17 96.49

Bc 24-37 7.77 0.09 0.46 2.25 46.30 21.60 21.20 2.29 0.77 45.86 99.04

C 37-60 7.86 0.10 0.40 9.25 26.24 12.80 10.40 1.75 0.71 25.66 97.78

P- 8 Shri. Govind Agarkar, Village- Digolwadi Ta.; Renapur Dist. Latur (Typic Haplusterts)

Ap 0-14 7.88 0.13 0.75 10.00 63.00 34.40 20.80 3.60 1.37 60.17 95.50

Bw 14-33 7.95 0.14 0.58 10.25 59.52 30.80 22.00 2.88 1.32 57.00 95.76

Bss133-54 8.16 0.14 0.49 12.0

0 60.92 24.40 30.00 3.23 0.81 58.44 95.92

Bss254-78 8.17 0.13 0.45 14.0

0 55.20 22.40 27.60 3.08 0.89 53.97 97.77

Bss378-103 8.20 0.16 0.37 13.5

0 66.30 34.00 26.40 2.72 0.78 63.90 96.38

Bss4103-150 8.24 0.16 0.34 14.2

5 59.70 24.00 29.20 2.75 0.77 56.72 95.00

Table No 7:- Chemical characteristics of sugarcane growing soils of Latur district

Manwar et.al (2015)

Sr.No. Order Suborder Great group Subgroup Family

1. Entisols Orthents Ustorthents Typic Ustorthents Clay, montmorilonitic, hyperthermic

2. Vertisols Usterts Haplusterts Typic Haplusterts Clay,montmorilonitic, hyperthermic

3. Inceptisols Ustepts Haplustepts Typic Haplustepts Clay, montmorilonitic, hyperthermic

4. Inceptisols Ustepts Haplustepts Typic Haplustepts Clay, montmorilonitic, hyperthermic

5 Vertisols Usterts Haplusterts Typic Haplusterts Clay,montmorilonitic, hyperthermic

6. Entisols Orthents Ustorthents Typic Ustorthents Clay montmorilonitic, hyperthermic

7. Inceptisols Ustepts Haplustepts Typic Haplustepts Clay, montmorilonitic, hyperthermic

8. Vertisols Usterts Haplusterts Typic Haplusterts Clay,montmorilonitic, hyperthermic

9. Entisols Orthents Ustorthents Typic Ustorthents Clay loam, montmorilonitic,hyperthermic

Table No 8 :- Soil classification of sugarcane growing soils of Latur District

Manwar,et.al (2015)

Parbhani District

Horizon

Depth

(cm)

Sand

(%)

Silt(%)

Clay

(%)

B.D.(Mg/m3)

Pore spaces

%

Water retention% Available water

33 Kpa 1500 Kpa

Pedon 3 MAU, Parbhani ( Hort. Dept. )Ap 0-15 14.5 35.5 50.0 1.28 51.0 33.10 13.30 19.80

A 12 15-22 13.0 35.0 52.0 1.28 51.4 32.40 13.70 18.70A13 22-30 15.0 34.1 50.9 1.30 50.0 33.30 14.70 18.60Bca 30-32 31.0 38.5 30.5 1.27 51.5 30.50 13.70 16.80Bc 32-35 --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---C 35+ --- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

More et.al(2002)

Table No 9 :-Physical Characteristics Of Representative Pedons Of

Parbhani District

Horizons

Depth

(cm)pH

EC (dS/m)

CaCo3(%)

Cation exchange capacity

(cmol(p+)/kg)

Ap 0-15 7.8 0.2 9.0 43.0A 12 15-22 8.0 0.2 9.2 38.0A13 22-30 8.0 0.2 9.5 38.0Bca 30-32 8.5 0.6 12.0 38.0Bc 32-35 --- --- --- ---C 35+ --- --- --- ---

Table No 10:- Chemical Characteristics Of Representative Pedons

Of Parbhani District

More et.al. 2002

Horizons Depth(cm)

BD(Mg m-3)

HC(cm hr-1) COLE

Particle size analysis(%)

Sand Silt Clay

Pedon-1, Chandaj (Parbhani)Ap 0-13 1.3 3.0 0.3 1.5 34.6 63.9

Bw1 13-28 1.3 4.9 0.2 1.5 30.0 68.6

Bw2 28-45 1.4 5.6 0.3 1.1 29.4 69.6

Bss1 45-75 1.3 4.2 0.3 0.9 29.6 69.6

Bss2 75-108 1.3 4.2 0.3 0.8 29.1 70.1

Table No 11:-Physical Characteristics Of Representative Pedons Of

Parbhani District

Zade (2007)

Aurangabad District

Characterization of soils of representative pedons of Aurangabad District.

Horizons Depth (cm) Boundary Matrix

colour

Coarse fragments

(%)Structure Consiste

ncy nodulesEffervescences

P10 Bhalgaon (Aurangabad)Ap 0-12 g s 10YR3/2.5 fg 1-3 m2sbk fr,sp f,m es

Bw1 12-33 g s 10YR3/2.5 fg 1-3 m2sbk fr,sp fm,mf esBw2 33-62 g s 10YR3/3 fg 1-3 m2sbk fr,sp fm,mf esBss1 62-88 g s 10YR3/3.5 fg 1-3 m2abk fi,vsp fm,mf es

Bss2 88-123 g s 7.5YR3/3 fg 1-3 m3abk fi,vsp fmc,cfc es

Bss3 123-150 - - 7.5YR3/3 fg 1-3 m3abk fi,vsp fmc,cfc esP11 Babhulgaon (Aurangabad)

Ap 0-15 - - 10 YR 3/3 1-3 m2sbk fr,sp, vff vff,m esBw1 15-34 - - 10 YR 3/2.5 1-3 m2sbk fr, sp, vf, f,mf es

Bw2 34-72 - - 10 YR 3/3 1-3 m2abk fi-if,vs,vp vf,f,m,f,c es

Bss 72-97 - - 10 YR 3/3.5 - m2sbk,abk fi,fi vs,vp f,m,mc esBw3 97-130 - - 10 YR 4/4 - m2sbk,abk fi,fi,sp f,m,c,c esBw4 130-160 - - 7.5YR 4/4 - m2sbk,abk fi,fi,p f,m,c,c es

Zade (2007)

Table No 12 :- Morphological characteristics of representative pedons of Aurangabad district

Horizons

Depth(cm)

B D (Mg m-

3)

HC(cm hr-

1)

Saturation (%)

Water dispersa

ble clay(%)

Particle size analysis (%)

Sand Silt Coarse clay

Fine clay

P10 Bhalgaon (Aurangabad)Ap 0-12 1.3 0.2 59.0 18.7 14.9 55.3 21.6 8.2

Bw1 12-33 1.4 0.01 65.0 20.4 11.9 51.3 24.6 12.2Bw2 33-62 1.4 0.08 75.5 28.4 12.2 48.9 25.1 13.8Bss1 62-88 1.5 0.08 87.3 35.4 9.7 48.7 25.6 16.0Bss2 88-123 1.5 0.01 90.9 40.4 7.1 41.9 32.8 18.3Bss3 123-150 1.5 0.01 91.8 38.4 9.8 43.8 29.3 17.1

P11 Babhulgaon (Aurangabad)Ap 0-15 1.2 0.5 55.1 4.2 12.2 55.3 22.0 10.6

Bw1 15-34 1.2 0.5 56.1 6.3 10.3 57.1 19.9 12.6Bw2 34-72 1.6 0.1 65.7 10.3 9.0 53.1 21.5 16.5Bss 72-97 1.5 0.1 68.5 12.1 8.5 52.8 20.2 18.5Bw3 97-130 1.5 0.1 67.1 17.7 13.0 58.0 16.0 13.0Bw4 130-160 1.5 0.1 68.7 19.8 10.5 63.0 13.5 13.0

Table No 13 :- Physical characteristics of soils of repesentative pedon of Aurangabad district

Zade (2007)

Horizons Depth(cm) pH

EC(dSm-

1)

O.C.

(%)

CaCO3

(%)

Carbonate clay

%

Cations [cmol (p+) kg-1]Sum

of cation

s

CEC(cmol(P+)kg-1)

B.S. (%)

Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+

P10 Bhalgaon (Aurangabad)

Ap 0-12 8.8 0.33 0.5 12.3 1.4 20.1 14.6 5.4 1.9 42.0 34.0 123.6Bw1 12-33 9.1 0.44 0.3 13.5 2.0 15.3 17.0 5.9 1.5 39.7 37.1 107.0Bw2 33-62 9.1 0.69 0.3 14.2 2.1 13.4 16.6 9.2 1.5 40.6 41.6 97.5Bss1 62-88 9.0 1.04 0.3 14.7 2.3 14.2 17.8 11.5 1.8 45.5 40.8 111.5Bss2 88-123 8.8 1.65 0.2 11.7 2.9 12.3 22.0 14.7 1.4 50.4 44.4 113.5Bss3 123-150 8.9 1.82 0.2 12.8 2.7 11.2 23.0 21.3 1.5 57.0 40.9 139.1

P11 Babhulgaon (Aurangabad)Ap 0-15 8.5 0.26 0.8 17.3 1.5 17.9 16.7 0.9 1.9 37.5 33.4 112.1

Bw1 15-34 8.5 0.23 0.8 18.5 1.6 15.2 18.3 1.5 2.2 31.5 31.5 117.8Bw2 34-72 8.8 0.33 0.6 17.0 1.9 11.4 24.0 4.6 1.4 35.2 35.2 117.9Bss 72-97 9.1 0.43 0.4 17.2 2.0 8.8 24.5 6.5 1.0 35.0 35.0 116.3Bw3 97-130 9.3 0.65 0.2 20.1 1.5 7.3 21.4 3.2 0.8 25.9 25.9 126.5

Bw4 130-160 9.3 0.54 0.2 20.2 1.2 7.3 20.7 4.1 0.8 30.5 30.5 107.6

Zade (2007)

Table No 14:- Chemical characteristics of soils of repesentative pedon of Aurangabad district

Nanded District

Characterization of soils of representative pedons of Nanded District.

Horizon Depth(Cm)

CourseFragment

(%)Boundar

yMatrixColour Texture Structure Consistancy Pores Roots Efferve

nces

Pedon 1 ChenapurAp 0-17 3.45 c s 10YR3/2 cl m1sbk s,fr,sssp vfm vfm e

Bw1 17-33 2.54 c s 10YR4/3 c m1sbk s,fr,sssp vfm vfm eBw2 33-45 1.58 c w 10YR4/3 c m2sbk s,fr,vsvp fm vfm eCk1 45-60 15.48 c w 10YR6/4 cl m1sbk s,fr,nsnp cf fm esCk2 60-80 30.41 c w 10YR7/4 cl m1sbk s,fr,nsnp cf fm es

Pedon 2 PingaliAp 0-12 1.93 c s 10YR3/2 cl m1sbk sh,f,rsp vfm,fm vfmfm e

Bw1 12-27 2.86 c s 10YR3/3 cl m1sbk s,fr,sssp vfm,fm vfmfm eBw2 27-40 0.94 c s 10YR4/3 cl m1sbk s,fr,sssp vfm,fm fm eCk1 40-55 2.27 c s 10YR6/3 sc m1sbk s,fr,s0p0 vff,ff ff esCk2 55-65 8.38 c s 10YR7/2 s c0sg sh,l,s0p0 ff ff ev

Pedon 3 HadsaniAp 0-18 4.26 c s 10YR3/2 c m1sbk l,l,sssp vfm,fm mm e

Bw2 18-32 5.87 c s 10YR2.1/1 c m1sbk l,l,sssp vfm,fm mm eBss 32-65 4.48 a i 10YR3/1 c m3abk h,fr,sp vfm,fm ff eBss2 65-100 4.49 a i 10YR4/1 c f3abk h,fr,sp ffff ff eCr 100-115 38.85 c b 10YR5/4 s c0sg eh,fi,s0p0 cfff cf esCr 107-115 81.49 c w 10YR5/3 s m0sg h,fi,s0p0 ff mf es

Table No 15 :-Morphological properties of soils of Nanded district

Ghode M. K.(2015)

Table No 16:- Physical Characteristics Of Representative Pedons Of Marathwada Region Of Maharashtra (Nanded)

Horizon Depth(cm)

Coarsefragmt

(%)

BD(Mg m-3)

HC(cm hr-

1)

Particle size analysis (%) Moisture retention (%) AWC

(%)PAWC

(%)Sand Silt Clay 33kPa 1500kPa

Pedon 1 Chenapur, Tq. Ardhapur (Typic Haplustepts)Ap 0-17 3.45 1.80 3.4 6.47 41.03 52.05 40.2 24.3 15.9

176.4Bw1 17-33 2.54 1.70 4.0 3.20 38.20 58.06 37.1 26.7 10.4Bw2 33-45 1.58 1.79 9.6 3.12 33.68 63.02 38.3 20.2 18.1Ck1 45-60 15.48 1.79 17.1 40.12 40.60 19.25 26.4 16.7 9.7Ck2 60-80 30.41 1.76 20.1 39.30 41.00 19.70 26.9 17.1 9.8

Pedon 2 Pingali,Tq. Hadgaon, (Typic Haplustepts)Ap 0-12 1.93 1.57 3.9 2.50 38.15 58.95 39.1 23.5 15.6

138.4Bw1 12-27 2.86 1.57 3.2 2.3 39.30 58.04 37.2 18.9 18.3Bw2 27-40 0.94 1.50 1.3 2.9 37.1 60.00 39.7 19.1 18.1Ck1 40-55 2.27 1.52 22.1 39.50 38.9 21.65 25.7 18.1 07.6Ck2 55-65 8.38 1.66 20.1 38.90 38.8 22.30 26.3 18.3 08.0

Pedon 3 Hadsani, Tq. Hadgaon (Typic Haplusterts)Ap 0-18 4.26 1.57 4.32 6.8 24.50 68.07 42.1 22.1 20.0

340.4Bw2 18-32 5.87 1.69 14.0 3.7 31.50 64.76 43.9 22.5 21.4Bss1 32-65 4.48 1.69 13.7 2.85 28.80 68.33 45.7 28.3 17.4Bss2 65-100 4.49 1.68 12.8 5.3 29.30 69.12 46.3 26.1 20.2Cr 100-115 38.85 1.43 23.1 44.9 36.20 18.89 25.9 17.8 08.1

Ghode M. K.(2015)

Table No 17:- Chemical Characteristics Of Representative Pedon Of Marathwada Region Of Maharashtra (Nanded)

Horizons Depth(cm) pH EC

(dSm-1)OC(%)

CaCO3

(%)

CEC(cmol(P+)

kg-1)

P15 Hadgaon

AP 0-15 8.4 0.635 6.24 7.5 45.5

A 15-40 8.7 0.4440 5.07 14.1 47.3

BW 40-65 8.4 0.591 3.51 7.8 66.2

Bssk 65-105 8.5 0.600 1.95 18.9 38.2

Malode and Patil,(2014)

Beed District

Characterization of soils of representative pedons of

Beed District.

Horizons Depth (cm) Boundary Matrix

colour

Coarse fragments

(%)Structure Consist

ency NodulesEffervescences

P12 (Pathrud,Beed)Ap 0-13 c s 10YR3/2 fg 3-5 m2sbk fr,sp vf,f,m e

Bw1 13-36 g s 10YR3/2.5 fg 3-5 m2sbk fr,sp vf,f,m eBw2 36-61 g s 10YR3/2.5 fg 1-3 m2sbk fr,sp Vf,f,m,mf e-es

Bss1 61-104 c s 10YR4/2 fg 1-3 m2abk fr,sp fm,mf e-es

Bss2 104-140 g s 10YR4/3 - M2,m3,abk

fi-fi,vsvp F,m,m,f es

P12 (Raulgaon,Beed)Ap 0-14 c s 20 YR 3/3 3-5 m2sbk fr,sp vf,f,m es

Bw1 14-28 g s 10 YR 3/2 3-5 m2sbk fr,sp vf, f,m,mf es

Bw2 28-43 g w 10 YR 3/2.5 1-3 m2sbk fr,sp vf,f,fm es

Bss1 43-85 g s 10 YR 3/2.5 1-3 m2abk fr,sp f,c esBss2 85-130 g s 10 YR 3/3 1-3 m2abk fr,vsvp f,c esBss3 130-150 - - 7.5YR 4/4 1-3 m2abk fr,vsvp f,c es-ev

Table No 18 :- Morphological Characteristics Of representative pedons of Beed district

Zade (2007)

Horizons Depth(cm) COLE B D

(Mg m-3)HC

(cm hr-1)Saturation (%)

Water dispersable clay(%)

Particle size analysis (%)

Sand Silt Coarse clay Fine clay

P12 (Pathrud,Beed)

Ap 0-13 0.2 1.2 0.7 60.5 15.1 9.5 47.6 28.7 14.1Bw1 13-36 0.2 1.5 1.4 60.0 13.9 10.6 40.2 32.3 17.0Bw2 36-61 0.2 1.3 4.4 67.2 15.0 7.2 44.4 32.7 15.7Bss1 61-104 0.3 1.3 2.7 72.1 17.0 4.8 46.1 32.7 16.4Bss2 104-140 0.3 1.4 4.2 70.9 17.4 6.8 42.1 35.0 16.2Bss3 140-14-60 0.3 1.3 3.4 74.4 16.7 4.0 37.5 34.4 24.2

P13 (Raulgaon,Beed)Ap 0-14 0.2 1.3 3.1 72.3 20.9 1.3 29.3 45.2 24.3

Bw1 14-28 0.3 1.3 2.9 72.3 24.7 0.9 28.5 40.5 30.1Bw2 28-43 0.3 1.2 1.9 73.8 27.4 0.7 27.7 36.8 34.8Bss1 43-85 0.3 1.2 1.0 78.6 29.2 6.2 22.0 36.3 35.5Bss2 85-130 0.3 1.2 0.8 82.2 29.0 3.5 21.1 37.0 38.4Bss3 130-150 0.3 1.2 0.6 85.6 26.0 7.1 34.8 37.0 21.2

Table No 19 :- Physical characteristics of soils of repesentative pedon of Beed District

Zade (2007)

Horizons Depth(cm) pH

EC(dSm-

1)

O.C.

(%)

CaCO3

(%)

Carbonate clay

%

Cations [cmol (p+) kg-1]Sum

of cation

s

CEC(cmol(P+)kg-1)

B.S. (%)

Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+

P12 (Pathrud,Beed)Ap 0-13 8.7 0.09 0.8 12.7 1.9 47.8 10.8 0.7 1.7 60.7 55.1 110.2

Bw1 13-36 8.8 0.10 0.7 13.9 2.1 44.1 13.7 0.4 0.9 59.1 54.5 108.5Bw2 36-61 8.7 0.11 0.6 13.3 2.2 45.4 15.9 0.2 1.3 62.8 62.7 100.0Bss1 61-104 8.5 0.15 0.5 12.6 2.4 39.1 18.7 0.5 1.6 59.9 56.6 105.9Bss2 104-140 8.9 0.15 0.3 13.9 2.2 36.2 23.5 0.1 0.8 60.6 52.6 115.2Bss3 140-14-60 8.5 0.16 0.3 11.8 2.4 37.8 21.6 0.6 1.9 61.9 60.4 102.5

P12 (Raulgaon,Beed)Ap 0-14 8.5 0.13 0.9 11.8 2.3 46.4 15.1 0.3 1.6 63.3 64.6 98.0

Bw1 14-28 8.5 0.14 0.8 12.2 2.8 43.0 20.8 .06 1.0 65.4 65.4 100.1Bw2 28-43 8.5 0.15 0.7 10.2 2.9 42.4 24.0 1.0 1.0 68.4 68.3 100.2Bss1 43-85 8.6 0.18 0.7 9.9 3.1 34.5 31.6 1.2 1.0 68.3 68.5 99.6Bss2 85-130 8.5 0.22 0.4 11.8 3.2 26.1 40.7 1.0 1.1 69.9 69.0 99.8Bss3 130-150 8.5 0.23 0.4 1.02 2.3 22.9 44.3 2.0 1.1 70.3 67.1 104.7

Table No 20 :- chemical characteristics of soils of repesentative pedon of Beed District

Zade (2007)

Table No :- Soil classification of Beed District

Fine, smectite, isohyperthrmicSodic Haplusterts

Zade (2007)

Jalna District

Characterization of Soils of representative pedons of Jalna District.

Horizons

Depth(cm)

B D (Mg m-3)

Coarse Fragment(%)

Smectite

content(%)

Particle size analysis (%)

Sand/ Silt

Ratio

Water retension

(%)

Sand Silt Clay 33kPa 1500kPa

Pedon-2 : BELGOAN : Clayey , Smectitic (Calcarious), Isohyperthermic Vertic Haplustepts

Ap 0-15 1.63 3.4 74.6 24.6 17.2 58.2 1.43 39.09 19.87Bw 15-30 1.46 2.4 85.7 23.1 17.7 59.2 1.30 42.74 20.47Cr 30-56 1.60 4.4 35.1 46.9 12.6 40.5 3.72 18.93 9.29

Pedon-5 : AWA : Fine, Smectitic (Calcarious), Isohyperthermic Typic HaplustertsAp 0-18 1.57 0.7 44.6 43.2 18.7 38.1 2.31 16.23 9.29Bw 18-49 1.52 0.3 47.7 36.4 23.4 39.4 1.57 29.15 13.98

BSS1 49-77 1.53 0.4 50.3 37.6 15.3 47.1 2.46 31.59 14.28BSS2 77-114 1.59 0.5 57.9 40.1 13.2 46.7 3.04 32.08 16.76BSS3 114-138 1.68 1.7 61.7 28.6 19.3 52.1 1.48 42.74 19.41BSS$ 138-170 1.81 2.4 64.0 27.4 22.0 50.6 1.24 43.77 21.60

Table No 21:- Physical characteristics of soils of repesentative pedon of Jalna district

Dhale and prasad (2009)

Horizons

Depth(cm) pH

EC(dSm-

1)

O.C.(%)

CaCO3

(%)

Extractable Bases [cmol (p+) kg-1] CEC

(cmol(P+)kg-

1)

B.S. (%) ESP

Ca++ Mg++ Na+ K+

Pedon-2 : BELGOAN : Clayey ,Smectitic (Calcarious), Isohyperthermic Vertic HaplusteptsAp 0-15 8.1 0.27 7.41 50.2 46.23 6.75 0.87 1.04 61.3 89.6 1.4

Bw 15-30 7.9 0.23 3.05 35.3 44.77 5.56 0.78 0.61 60.8 85.2 1.3Cr 30-56 7.9 0.18 1.74 31.5 34.94 4.28 0.52 0.28 47.7 83.9 1.1

Pedon-5 : AWA : Fine, Smectitic (Calcarious), Isohyperthermic Typic HaplustertsAp 0-18 8.2 0.28 3.42 103.3 28.11 6.75 0.82 0.71 38.8 93.7 2.1

Bw 18-49 8.6 0.25 3.43 109.1 25.48 9.66 0.82 0.31 40.4 92.3 2.0BSS1 49-77 8.6 0.31 2.57 114.7 26.97 13.15 2.55 0.33 47.8 89.9 5.3BSS2 77-114 8.6 0.45 2.15 112.9 27.34 14.56 3.91 0.33 53.0 87.2 7.4BSS3 114-138 8.8 0.54 3.44 114.9 26.99 15.11 7.37 0.41 51.5 96.8 14.3BSS$ 138-170 8.9 0.42 4.83 126.1 25.76 15.31 9.11 0.43 51.8 97.8 17.6

Table No 22 :- Chemical characteristics of soils of repesentative pedon of Jalna district

Dhale and prasad (2009)

Soil classification of Jalna District

Taxonomically, the soils were Classified as very fine, smectitic, isohyperthermic, Typic Haplusterts.

Conclusion :

•The soils of marathwada region are Very shallow to very deep, black to dark yellowish brown in colour, clay to sandy in texture and granular to angular blocky in structure. Bulk density was 1.13 to 2.35 mgm-3. PAWC was 17.3 to 350 cm/hr. Hydraulic conductivity were 0.9 to 28.6 cm hr-1 . Soil pH was 6.9 to 8.8 which were slightly to moderately alkaline. EC of the soil is <1.0 dSm-1.Organic carbon content was 0.12-1.00 percent and calcareous in nature (0.9-37.1 percent).The CEC was varied from 21.4-71.1 cmol(p+)kg-1). Calcium is the dominant cation followed by Magnesium, potassium and sodium.

•The soils of Marathwada region classified as Typic Ustorthant, Lithic Ustorthant, Vertic Haplustepts, Typic Haplustepts , Calcic Haplusterts and Typic Haplusterts

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