charting & diagramming(wsd)

8/19/2019 Charting & Diagramming(WSD)

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Charting and DiagrammingTechniques

r. Goutam Sen

Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur West Bengal, India 1


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“It is not enough to bebusy... The questionis: what are we busy

about?”

― Henry DavidThoreau


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!T"I#$

%. verview o& Charting and DiagrammingTechniques

'. #etwor( Diagrams). Traditiona* $ngineering Charting and

Diagramming Techniques+. ,*oc( Diagrams and -rocess a/s


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b0ectives o& Charts and Diagrams

%. To /ermit wor( /rocesses to be communicatedand com/rehended more readi*y

'. To use a*gorithms s/eci&ica**y designed &or the/articu*ar diagramming technique

). To divide a give wor( /rocess into its constituente*ements &or ana*ysis /ur/oses

+. To /rovide a structure in the search &orim/rovements

1. To re/resent a /ro/osed new wor( /rocess ormethod


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How to Create the Chart or Diagram

2na*yst is intimate*y &ami*iar with the /rocessand deve*o/s a gra/hic to re/resent it

2na*yst observes and records in&ormationabout the /rocess

ne3on3one interviews with those &ami*iar withthe /rocess 2 gra/hic mode* o& the /rocess is deve*o/edbased on the interviews

4rou/ meetings with /ersonne* &ami*iar with/rocess

2 gra/hic mode* o& the /rocess is deve*o/edbased on the grou/ meetings


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How to 2na*y5e the Chart or Diagram

2*gorithmic ana*ysis 6e.g.7 *ine ba*ancing7 critica*/ath methods8Chec(*ists 9 genera* questions a//*ied to the/articu*ar /rocess

,rainstorming 9 team activity in which/artici/ants contribute recommendationse/arating va*ue3added and non3va*ue3added

o/erations;a*ue added ste/s:%. Im/ortant to customer '. -hysica**y change the /roduct or service


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Categories o& Charts and Diagrams

%. #etwor( diagrams'. Traditiona* industria* engineering charts and

diagrams). ,*oc( diagrams and /rocess ma/s


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#etwor( Diagrams

Consist o&:#odes re/resenting o/erations7 wor(e*ements7 or other entities

2rrows connecting the nodes indicatingre*ationshi/s among the nodes

Two3way &*ows 6movement o& materia*s8:a


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#etwor( Diagram

$


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Traditiona* I$ Charts and Diagrams

/eration charts-rocess charts>*ow diagrams

2ctivity charts


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/eration Chart &or ubassemb*y


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Chec(*ist o& @uestions

Ahat a*ternative starting materia* cou*d beused?

a(e or buy decision: shou*d the /art be/roduced in our &actory or /urchased?

Is this /rocessing o/eration necessary?Can this o/eration be e*iminated7 combined7 orsim/*i&ied?Cou*d a di&&erent 0oining method be used?Is this ins/ection necessary?Cou*d the ins/ection tas( be automated?


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-rocess Charts

4ra/hica* and symbo*ic re/resentation o& the/rocessing activities /er&ormed on somethingor by somebody-rinci/a* ty/es o& /rocess charts:

%. >*ow /rocess chart 9 ana*ysis o& a materia*or wor(/iece being /rocessed

'. Aor(er /rocess chart 9 ana*ysis o& awor(er /er&orming a tas(

). >orm /rocess chart 9 ana*ysis o& the/rocessing o& /a/erwor( &orms


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>*ow -rocess Chart

!ses &ive symbo*s to detai* the wor( /er&ormed ona materia* or wor(/art as it is /rocessed througha sequence o& o/erations and activities:

/eration 9 /rocessing o& a materia*

Ins/ection 9 chec( &or qua*ity or quantityove 9 trans/ort o& materia* to new *ocation

De*ay 9 materia* waiting to be /rocessed ormoved

torage 9 materia* (e/t in /rotected *ocation


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>*ow -rocess Chart


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>orm &or >*ow -rocess Chart


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>*ow Diagram

Drawing o& the &aci*ity *ayout with the addition o&*ines re/resenting movement o& materia*s orwor(ers within the &aci*ity

2rrows on the *ines re/resent direction o&

movement&ten used in con0unction with a /rocess chart

Can be used to detect e


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2ctivity Charts

2 *isting o& the activities o& one or more sub0ects6e.g.7 wor(ers7 machines8 /*otted against a timesca*e to indicate gra/hica**y how much time iss/ent on each activity

Ty/es o& activity charts:Bight3hand *e&t3hand activity chart 6a.(.a.wor(/*ace activity chart8Aor(er3machine activity chart

Aor(er3mu*timachine activity chart4ang activity chart 6a.(.a. mu*tiwor(eractivity chart8


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2ctivity Chart

2ctivity chart &or a wor(er /er&orming are/etitive tas(


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hading >ormats &or 2ctivity Charts


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Bight3Hand "e&t3Hand 2ctivity Chart

Tas( invo*ves /*acing /egs into a /eg board

#ote that *e&t hand is used as a wor(ho*der


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Aor(er3 u*timachine 2ctivity Chart

Can be used to indicate machine interference 6when a machine must wait &or service becausewor(er is current*y servicing another machine8


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,*oc( Diagram

!sed to de/ict &*ows and interre*ationshi/samong com/onents in com/*e< systems

,*oc( diagrams are common*y used in *inearcontro* theory7 as shown be*ow &or a &eedbac(

contro* system


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-rocess a/s

,asic /rocess ma/ is a b*oc( diagram showingthe ste/s in a /rocessAide*y a//*ied to business /rocesses

2*so a//*icab*e to /roduction7 *ogistics7 andservice o/erations"eve*s o& detai*:

High3*eve* /rocess ma/ 9 macrosco/ic viewo& /rocess and inc*udes on*y the mostim/ortant ste/s"ow3*eve* /rocess ma/ 9 used to ma/ eacho& the ste/s in a high3*eve* /rocess ma/


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ymbo*s in the ,asic -rocess a/

-rocess ma/ symbo*s: 6a8 beginning ending/oint o& the /rocess7 6b8 tas( or activity ste/7and 6c8 decision /oint

ymbo*s are connected by arrows to indicatesequence


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,asic -rocess a/


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2*ternative >orms o& -rocess a/s

Be*ationshi/ /rocess ma/ 9 b*oc( diagram thatshows the in/ut3out/ut connections amongde/artments 6or other &unctiona* com/onents8o& an organi5ation

Cross3&unctiona* /rocess ma/ 9 b*oc( diagramshowing how the ste/s o& a /rocess areaccom/*ished by various de/artments

De/artments *isted as rows se/arated by

dashed *ines 2*so ca**ed a swim3*ane chart


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Be*ationshi/ a/


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Cross3>unctiona* -rocess a/


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2B : %ETI $: 'E I#!T$

3 3

Dr.JiteshThakkar,IITKharagpur


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2 motorist e


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He removed the s/are tire &rom the trun( and/*aced it near the rear *e&t whee*. #e


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The neor good measures7 he again tightened the &ive *ugnuts now that the car was secure*y on the ground. 36

Dr. Jitesh Thakkar, IIT Kharagpur


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He co**ected the hardware7 /ut it bac( into thetrun(7 and removed the bric(s &rom the otherthree whee*s and /ut them bac( into his

garage.

Document this tire changing

procedure using a workerprocess chart.

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Dr. Jitesh Thakkar, IIT Kharagpur


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onstruct process chart and flow diagram for!a) "aking coffee in an electric coffee maker #) "ailing an insured package at the post officec) Installing an antenna on top of the house

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