chemical and mechanical breakdown of food so that it can be absorbed
TRANSCRIPT
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Digestive System
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Digestion:
• Chemical and mechanical breakdown of food so that it can be absorbed
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Order of Digestion:Mouth
•Where digestion starts•Mechanical digestion: physical breakdown of food• Chemical digestion: chemical breakdown of food
•Contains salivary glands• Secrete saliva (spit)• Contains amylase• Enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates in mouth
• Dissolves food• Cleans mouth and teeth
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Order of Digestion:Pharynx (Throat)
•Connects mouth to esophagus•Contains epiglottis• Flap of tissue covers windpipe when you swallow
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Order of Digestion:Esophagus
•Straight tube from pharynx to stomach•Peristalsis: Wave-like muscle contraction that sends food through the digestive system
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Order of Digestion:Stomach
•Peristalsis in the stomach breaks down food into chyme• Chyme: Mix of food and digestive juices• Digestive juices contain enzymes• Enzymes: chemicals that break down food more quickly
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Order of Digestion:Stomach
•Absorbs a small amount of nutrients•Liquids pass quickly•Solids pass more slowly (a few hours)• Carbohydrates pass the quickest (1 hour)• Proteins pass at a medium rate• Fats pass the slowest (3-6 hours)
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Order of Digestion:Movement in Small Intestine
•Mixing and peristalsis constantly occurring•Chyme takes 3-10 hours to pass through
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Order of Digestion:Small Intestine
•Absorbs most of the nutrients from food•Intestinal villi: hair-like structures that increase the surface area •More surface area = more absorption•Area of your SI…. The size of a tennis court!
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Order of Digestion:Large Intestine
•Diameter is larger than small intestine•Absorbs water and salt from chyme•Forms and stores feces•No digestive function•Secretes mucus (helps things sliiiiiiide)
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Order of Digestion:Feces
•Undigested material• 75% = water, mucus, bacteria
•Color comes from bile•Odor comes from bacteria
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Accessory Organs:Liver
•Just below the diaphragm•Maintains blood and sugar (carbohydrates) levels•Removes damaged red blood cells•Removes toxins• Drugs and alcohol
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Accessory Organs:Liver
•Makes bile: yellowish liquid• Breaks down fats
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Accessory Organs:Gall Bladder
•Stores bile between meals
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Accessory Organs:Pancreas
•Makes pancreatic juice• Insulin: helps absorb carbohydrates• Pepsin: enzyme that breaks down proteins
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Digestive Disorders
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Ulcer
•80% cases caused by bacteria•Causes severe stomach pain•If a hole forms, person needs surgery
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Cirrhosis
•Liver is damaged and no longer functions well•Liver damage caused by cirrhosis CANNOT be reversed•Caused by drugs, alcohol, and certain diseases (hepatitis)
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Anorexia Nervosa
•Person starves them self because the person thinks they are overweight•Affects girls much more than boys•Can cause death
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Bulimia
•Person eats A LOT, then throws it up•Can cause death
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Obesity
•Caused by eating more than you need, lack of exercise, genetics, hormones•Cause MANY health problems•1 in 6 kids are obese