chemical aspects of globec- china programs and potential to globec-imber study in china jing zhang...
TRANSCRIPT
Chemical Aspects of GLOBEC-Chemical Aspects of GLOBEC-China Programs and Potential to China Programs and Potential to
GLOBEC-IMBER Study in ChinaGLOBEC-IMBER Study in China
Jing ZhangJing Zhang1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Re1. State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200search, East China Normal University, Shanghai 2000620622. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003
116 118 120 122 124 126 128 130 131
Riverine Input
Atmospheric Depositions
Biogeochemical Cycle
Kuroshio
Sediment – Water Interface
Shelf-Edge Exchange
Question 3: Nutrient Dynamics
Scientific Questions:Scientific Questions:
1. How the transfer of chemical materials 1. How the transfer of chemical materials across the boundary affects the ecosystem across the boundary affects the ecosystem of the East China Sea and Yellow Seaof the East China Sea and Yellow Sea- on cycles of chemical elements?- on cycles of chemical elements?- on nutrient budgets?- on nutrient budgets?
2. To what extent the biogeochemical 2. To what extent the biogeochemical processes affects the carbon cycle and processes affects the carbon cycle and fisheriesfisheries- on the food web structure?- on the food web structure?- on transform of nutrient limitation?- on transform of nutrient limitation?- on comparison of new and recycled - on comparison of new and recycled production?production?
Measurements and SimulationMeasurements and Simulation
• Nutrients (NONutrients (NO33--, NH, NH44
++, NO, NO22--, PO, PO44
3-3-, and SiO, and SiO332-2-) an) an
d DOC/Nd DOC/N• Trace species [Al, As (III+V), CHTrace species [Al, As (III+V), CH44, and N, and N22O]O]• POC/N, C-13, N-15, and particulate metalsPOC/N, C-13, N-15, and particulate metals• Radio isotopes (e.g. Radio isotopes (e.g. 210210Pb, Pb, 77Be, Be, 234234Th, Th, 226226Ra and Ra and 22
2828Ra)Ra)• Bio-markers (e.g. Alkanes, PAHs, AA and FAs)Bio-markers (e.g. Alkanes, PAHs, AA and FAs)
0 9 1 8 k m
1 2 1 0 0 E° ′ 1 2 1 3 0° ′ 1 2 2 0 0° ′ 1 2 2 3 0° ′
3 1 3 0° ′
3 1 0 0° ′
- 1 0 m
0 m
- 5 m
- 5 m
- 5 m
N
3 2 0 0 N° ′
B Z 2 B Z 3
Z D D 3 Z D D 5
Z D D 9
C Y 4C Y 7
X W H 3X W H 5
X Y Z 2 -1F D D 1F D D 3
F D D 11F D D 1 5Z H E R 1
X Y Z 1 0
X Y Z 9
X Y Z 8X Y Z 5
X Y Z 4
X Y Z 3
WY3W Y 2
Z J 1Z J 3
C Y 1
X Y Z 2 1X Y Z 2 2
X Y Z 7
X Y Z 6
X L J
E a s t C h in a S e a
HPJ
S h a n g h a i
J i a n g s u
a
A 1A 2
A 3A 4
A 5A 6
C 1 C 2 C 3C 4
C 5C 6 C 7C 8C 9C 1 0C 1 1
P 3P 4P 5p 6
P 7P 8
P 8 - 1P 9P 1 0
P 1 1P 1 2
T 1T 2T 3T 4T 5T 6T 7T 8T 9
Y 1Y 2Y 3Y 4Y 5 Y 6
Phosphorus in Food Web
32P (t1/2=14.3 d)33P (t1/2=25.3 d)
Atomospheric Input
Up-take
Zooplankton
Water ColumnPhytoplankton
Predation
Zhang et al., ECSS, 2004
千里岩
0
0. 1
0. 2
0. 3
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月
(nmo
l/m
浓度
3 )
PhosphateSi l i cate
嵊泗群岛
0
30
60
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月
(nmo
l/m
浓度
3 )
Ni t rate+Ni t r i cAmmoni um
千里岩
0
30
60
90
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月
(nmo
l/m
浓度
3 )Ni t rate+Ni t r i cAmmoni um
嵊泗群岛
0. 00
0. 06
0. 12
0. 18
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12月
(nmo
l/m
浓度
3 )
Phosphate
Si l i cate
Aerosol nutrients over the Yellow Sea (upper panel) and East China Sea (lower panel)
Silica flux (mmol m-2 d-1) at sediment – water interface of the ECS
Station E4 E4 E5 E6 E6
Cruise 2000-10 2001-5 2001-5 2000-10 2001-5
DM 0.712 0.018 1.84 0.439 0.638
BC 0.464 0.546 2.63 1.86
DM: calculation from pore water profile, BC: data from in situ
incubations
E5 (2001-5)
0
10
20
30
0 0.5 1BSi (%)D
epth
(m
)
E4 (2000-10)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0 0.5 1BSi (%)
Dep
th (
m)
In the ECS BSi<1%, similar to Chesapeake Bay, Yellow Sea and Bohai.
Transport Salinity Water flux Al Al flux
m3 yr-1 M ×109 g yr-1
Input
Changjiang 0 1012 0.69±0.40 16.0±9.3
Atmospheric 0 12.3±4.1
Kuroshio Surface Water 34.33 0.58×1013 0.022±0.004 3.4±0.6
Kuroshio Subsurface
Water 34.68 1.54×1013 0.016±0.001 6.6±0.4
Taiwan Current Warm
Water 33.50a 1.58×1013 0.042±0.033 17.9±14.1
Output
Shelf water export 33.42 3.83×1013 0.031±0.05 32.0±5.2
Sediment-water interface 0.043±0.029
Distance from Changjiang River mouth (km)
De
pth
(m
)
-50
-100
-150
-400
-650
-900
-1150
P12 P11 P10 P9 P8 E6 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3
Sep-2002, unit %
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
Impact of Changjiang water on the PN section (East China Sea) in September 2002.
Longitude
S tation
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
Dep
th
/ m
P 14E4 P11 P10 P9 P8 E6 P7 P6 P5 P4 P3
024681 01 52 03 04 05 06 07 08 0
123 124 125 126 127
TSM: mg/l
C/N ratio (atom)
8.1
8.9
Decreased
[POM]=- 0. 38Ln(Km)+2. 40r 2=0. 95
0
0. 2
0. 4
0. 6
0. 8
1
0 200 400 600km
T err
igen
ous
POM
Changjiang
ECS
Taiwan Strait
NO3-: 7.10
NH4+: 1.35
PO43-: 0.359
SiO32-: 14.7
Bottom Sediment
NO3-: 0.11
NH4+: 1.01
PO43-: 0.025
SiO32-: 2.51
River
NO3-: 2.76
NH4+: 0.182
PO43-: 0.013
SiO32-: 3.94
Kuroshio
NO3-: 5.43
NH4+: 0.47
PO43-: 0.384
SiO32-: 6.20
Outflow
NO3-: 11.8
NH4+: 2.38
PO43-: 0.57
SiO32-: 20.1
Yellow Sea
NO3-: 0.027
NH4+: 0.008
PO43-: 0.004
SiO32-: 0.107
Atmosphere
NO3-: 0.37
NH4+: 0.80
PO43-: 0.002
SiO32-: 0.047
East China Sea Shelf
a. Summer
unit: 103 mol/s
b. Winter
Yellow Sea
NO3-: 0.053
NH4+: 0.013
PO43-: 0.006
SiO32-: 0.111
Outflow
NO3-: 17.1
NH4+: 0.98
PO43-: 1.34
SiO32-: 33.6
Kuroshio
NO3-: 12.6
NH4+: 0.97
PO43-: 0.92
SiO32-: 23.7
River
NO3-: 0.765
NH4+: 0.195
PO43-: 0.006
SiO32-: 1.37
Bottom Sediment
NO3-: 0.11
NH4+: 1.01
PO43-: 0.025
SiO32-: 2.51
Taiwan Strait
NO3-: 5.73
NH4+: 0.69
PO43-: 0.46
SiO32-: 17.9
Atmosphere
NO3-: 0.71
NH4+: 1.27
PO43-: 0.003
SiO32-: 0.017
East China Sea Shelf
unit: 103 mol/s
Muscl e of Engraul i s J aponi cus
=0. 45BL+3. 15
r 2=0. 68
0
5
10
15
0 5 10 15 20
Body Length ( cm)
N-15 (%o)
Muscl e of Engraul i s J aponi cus
13C=0. 17BL- 21. 9
r 2=0. 82
- 22
- 20
- 180 5 10 15 20
Body Length ( cm)
C-13 (%o)
Towards developing GLOBEC-IMBER Studies Towards developing GLOBEC-IMBER Studies
in Chinain China OCEANS OSM (Paris, 7-10 January, 2003)OCEANS OSM (Paris, 7-10 January, 2003) March – May, 2003: Series of workshops on the possibility of iMarch – May, 2003: Series of workshops on the possibility of i
ntegration of GLOBEC and IMBER studies in Chinantegration of GLOBEC and IMBER studies in China August, 2003: Establishment of a joint working group of GLOAugust, 2003: Establishment of a joint working group of GLO
BEC and IMBER within frame of CNC-IGBPBEC and IMBER within frame of CNC-IGBP May 26-28, 2004: “Xiangshan Forum” on “Sustainable EcoMay 26-28, 2004: “Xiangshan Forum” on “Sustainable Eco
system and Biogeochemistry in the Coastal Ocean” (No. 22system and Biogeochemistry in the Coastal Ocean” (No. 228)8)
October, 2004: Final examination of GLOBEC-China II “EcosyOctober, 2004: Final examination of GLOBEC-China II “Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in tstem Dynamics and Sustainable Use of Marine Resources in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea”he Yellow Sea and East China Sea”
2005: Development of national study on GLOBEC-IMBER in C2005: Development of national study on GLOBEC-IMBER in Chinahina
Thank You!