chemical equation the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction (process) wherein the
DESCRIPTION
Chemical equation the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction (process) wherein the reactant entities are on left side and change into product entities on right-hand side. Chemical Equation Symbols The arrow can be read as “yields” or “produces” - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Chemical equation the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction (process) wherein thereactant entities are on left side and change intoproduct entities on right-hand side
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Chemical Equation SymbolsThe arrow can be read as “yields” or “produces”
The + sign reads as “and” or “plus”
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Chemical Equation SymbolsThe arrow can be read as “yields” or “produces”Coefficients are the numbers in front of the formulasCoefficients can be changed to balance chemical equations
Subscripts tell us how many atoms or molecules we haveNEVER change subscripts when balancing chem. equations
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Balancing Equations like solving a puzzle
Br2 + Al Al2Br6 (not balanced)
Balance using coefficients
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Balancing Equations
Reactants Products
O2 + H2 H2O
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Balancing Equations
Reactants Products
O2 + H2 H2O but this equation is not balanced
why not?
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Balancing Equations
Conservation of Mass- Mass and/or Atoms are not Created or Destroyed during a chemical reaction. There must be the Same number of atoms on each side of the equation to balance the chemical equation.
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Steps to Balance Chemical Equations1. Write unbalanced equation.
2. Count # atoms on each side.
3. Add coefficients to make #s of atoms equal.
Coefficient subscript = # of atoms
4. If necessary reduce coefficients to lowest possible ratio (never change subscripts)
5. Update and Double check atom balance!!!
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Balancing Equations
Step 1. Write unbalanced equation
O2 + H2 H2O
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Balancing Equations
Step 2. Count # of atoms on each side
O2 + H2 H2O
O = 2 0 = 1
H = 2 H = 2
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Balancing Equations
3. Add coefficients to make # of atoms = on each side
O2 + H2 H2O
O = 2 0 = 1
H = 2 H = 2
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Balancing Equations
3. Add coefficients to make # of atoms = on each side
O2 + 2 H2 2 H2O
O = 2 0 = 2
H = 4 H = 4
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Balancing Equations
4. If necessary find lowest ratio (never change subscripts)
O2 + 2 H2 2 H2O
O = 2 0 = 2
H = 4 H = 4
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Balancing Equations
5. Update and double check work
O2 + 2 H2 2 H2O
O = 2 0 = 2
H = 4 H = 4
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Balancing Steps
1. Write the unbalanced equation.
Al + CuCl2 Cu + AlCl3
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Balancing Steps1. Write the unbalanced equation.
2. Count atoms on each side.
Al + CuCl2 Cu + AlCl3
1 Al 1
1 Cu 1
2 Cl 3
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Balancing Steps1. Write the unbalanced equation.
2. Count atoms on each side.
3. Add coefficients to make #s equal.
Coefficient subscript = # of atoms
Al + CuCl2 Cu + AlCl3
1 Al 1
1 Cu 1
2 Cl 3
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Balancing Steps1. Write the unbalanced equation.
2. Count atoms on each side.
3. Add coefficients to make #s equal.
Coefficient subscript = # of atoms
Al + 3 CuCl2 Cu + 2 AlCl3
1 Al 2
3 Cu 1
6 Cl 6
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Balancing Steps1. Write the unbalanced equation.
2. Count atoms on each side.
3. Add coefficients to make #s equal.
Coefficient subscript = # of atoms
2 Al + 3 CuCl2 3 Cu + 2 AlCl3
2 Al 2
3 Cu 3
6 Cl 6
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Balancing Steps1. Write the unbalanced equation.
2. Count atoms on each side.
3. Add coefficients to make #s equal.
Coefficient subscript = # of atoms
4. Reduce coefficients to lowest possible ratio, if necessary.
5. Double check atom balance!!!
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Helpful Tips• Balance one element at a time. Balance most
complicated compound first! • Update ALL atom counts after adding a
coefficient.• Balance (polyatomic ions) as (single units).
– “1 SO4” instead of “1 S” and “4 O”
• Balance most complicated compound first, balance
oxygen and hydrogen last (MINOH metals, ions, non-metals, oxygen, hydrogen)
• Ask yourself this question what am I forced to do to balance the equation???
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Examples
____ Mg + ____ O2 ____ MgO
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Examples
2 Mg + O2 2 MgO
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Examples
____ Al + ____ S ____ Al2S3
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Examples
2 Al + 3 S Al2S3
____ C3H8 +____ O2 ____ CO2 + ____ H2O
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Examples
2 Al + 3 S Al2S3
C3H8 + 5 O2 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
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More Examples
___ Al +____ H2SO4 ____Al2(SO4)3 +____ H2
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More Examples
2 Al + 3 H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + 3 H2
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Helpful Tips• Balance one element at a time.
• Update ALL atom counts after adding a coefficient.
• Balance (polyatomic ions) as (single units).– “1 SO4” instead of “1 S” and “4 O”
• Balance most complicated compound first, balance oxygen and hydrogen last
• Ask yourself this question what am I forced to do to balance the equation???
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Steps to Predicting Products
1.Determine Reaction Type2.Predict Product Formulas3.Verify subscripts on Product Formulas4.Final Step Balance Equation
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1. Determine Reaction Type2. Predict Product Formulas3. Verify subscripts on Product Formulas4. Final Step Balance Equation
Ag + Cu(SO4)
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1. Determine Reaction Type2. Predict Product Formulas3. Verify subscripts on Product Formulas4. Final Step Balance Equation
Ag + Cu(SO4)