chemistry transition metal iron group member 5e chan ming hung 26 lam man chung 29 lau yuk to 32...
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ChemistryTransition Metal Iron
Group Member 5E
Chan Ming Hung 26
Lam Man Chung 29
Lau Yuk To 32
Wong Ka Chun 42
Content Background Information
Properties
Extraction
Raw material for Painting
Industrial use
Biological use
Background Information Name: Iron
Symbol: Fe (from Latin: Ferrum)
Atomic number: 26
Element category: transition metal
Relative atomic mass: 55.845
Electrons per shell: 2, 8, 14, 2
Background Information Oxidation states: +2 to + 6 (+2 and +3 are the
most common)
Density (near r.t.): 7.874 g·cm−3
Melting point: 1811K, 1538°C, 2800°F
Boiling point: 3134K, 2862°C, 5182°F
Heat of fusion: 13.81 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization: 340 kJ·mol−1
Properties Silver-white or gray metal
Malleable and ductile
Non-toxic
Good conductor of heat, like most metals
Good conductor of electricity, like most metals
Dissolves readily in dilute acids
Reactive to oxygen and water to form oxide
Easily magnetized
Hard, brittle, fairly fusible
Extraction Extracted from its ore, haematite
Fed into the top of the furnace along with coke and limestone
Main reducing agent is carbon monoxide
hematite+carbon monoxide → Iron+carbon dioxide
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe+ 3CO2
Inside of Blast Furnace
Industrial Use Ferroalloy* Pig iron**(approximately 1.7–4.5% carbon content):
Generally brittleThe cost relatively lowerNo ductility and malleability but hardUsually used in making lathe bed of machine tools and the cylinder of steam engine and internal combustion engine.
Wrought iron(approximately below 0.1% carbon content):High purity(high iron content)Ductile 、 malleable 、 tough 、 easily weldedA raw material for manufacturing of steel
*Alloys of iron with a high proportion of one or more other element and mostly Carbon**the intermediate product of smelting iron ore with a high-carbon fuel
Industrial Use-Carbon Steel* Extensively used in manufacturing different kinds of machine
components (e.g. gear wheel, screw nut, rail steel bar, etc.) Low carbon steel(approximately 0.1–2.5% carbon content):
Property similar to Wrought ironA raw material for manufacturing steel wire 、 rivet 、 galvanized iron sheet and tinplate
Medium carbon steel(approximately 0.25–0.6% carbon content):Ductility 、 malleability and hardness between low carbon steel and high carbon steelA raw material for construction
High-carbon steel(approximately 0.6–1.35% carbon content):High weld ability
The higher proportion of the Carbon in Carbon steel is, the harder and less ductile and malleable it is.*Steel where the main interstitial alloying constituent is carbon
Raw material for Painting Iron(III) oxide:Venetian red or Brown pigment
Iron(II) sulphateIndigo dye
Prussian blue(Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3):Deep Blue pigment
Biological useBodies need
Help oxygen get to our muscles
Will not take up more than needs
Needs very little
Most available to the body when added to amino acids
iron in this form is 10 to 15 times more digestible than it is as an element
Iron is also found in meat (e.g. steak)
Iron provided by diet supplements is in the form of a chemical (e.g. sulphate)
Cheap and Absorbed well
Recycled by a system which breaks down old cells in red blood cells
Biological usePresent in all cells in the human body and has several vital functions (e.g. as a carrier of oxygen to the tissues from the lungs in the form of hemoglobin)
Too little iron can interfere with vital functions and lead to morbidity and death.
The direct consequence of iron deficiency is iron deficiency anemia.
Total body iron averages approximately 3.8 g in men and 2.3 g in women.
Several mechanisms control human iron metabolism and safeguard against iron deficiency
(e.g. When loss of iron is not sufficiently compensated by adequate intake of iron from the diet, a state of iron deficiency develops over time. When this state is uncorrected, it leads to iron deficiency anemia.)
End