Heat vs. Temperature

Heat energy Temperature -A form of energy that can do _______________.-______________ kinetic energy of _________ particles in a sample

Man-made scale that measures the _______________ kinetic energy of atoms in a sample

Instrument= ___________________ Unit= _______________, __________________

Instrument= _______________ Unit= ___________, _________, ___________

Q: Which substance has more heat energy and which substance has a higher temperature and why?

Q: Which substance has more heat energy and which substance has a higher temperature and why ?

________________________________________________________________________________________________Heat energy can be________________ from one object to another due to temperature differences.

Heat flows from _____________ objects to a ____________ object until the temperature is the ______________ between the two objects.

Terms Description Picture Symbol/Unit

What occurs when the two solids in contact with each other?

1.) Heat energy flows from Solid _____ to Solid ________ because heat flow from _________ to ____________.

2.) Solid A will (decrease/increase) temperature

3.) Solid B will (decrease/increase) temperature

___________________________________________

___________________________________________

___________________________________________ ______________________

_____________________

Example: 1.) When you drink the cup of coffee, heat is transferred from

a) your mouth to the coffeeb) the coffee to your mouth

to the coffee

2.) When you touch an ice cube, heat is transferred froma) your hand to the ice cubeb) the ice cube to your hand

to the ice cube

Heat(Thermal Energy)

(Sum/ Average) Kinetic Energy that transferred from a (Hot/Cold) object to a (Hot/Cold) object

Symbol: ____Unit:_____, _____

Temperature A scale that measures the (sum/average) Kinetic Energy

Symbol=_____Unit:__,___,___

Total Internal Energy

_______ of _______the energies of the particles in a system Total Internal Energy= __________ +_________

Kinetic Energy (KE)= due to ________ of particlesPotential Energy (KE) = due to the relative _______ of particles

KE or Ek high low

Symbol: ____Unit:_____, _____

PE or Ep high low

far apart close

Heat (Thermo energy) Transfer : Symbol: ______Unit: ______ or _______1.) A girl with a body temperature of 35 o C is taking a bath with a water temperature of 90 o C while holding a soda with a temperature of 10 o C. Heat will flow from (girl, bathtub, soda) to (girl, bathtub, soda)

Heat will flow from (girl, bathtub, soda) to (girl, bathtub, soda) Heat will flow from (girl, bathtub, soda) to (girl, bathtub, soda)

2.) A boy with a body temperature of 36 o C is eating an ice-cream cone what a temperature of 5 o C while sitting in the room where the air is 23oC. Heat will flow from (boy, ice-cream, air) to (boy, ice-cream, air)

Heat will flow from (boy, ice-cream, air) to (boy, ice-cream, air) Heat will flow from (boy, ice-cream, air) to (boy, ice-cream, air)

3.) Two objects are placed next to each other. Heat flow from (A/B) to (A/B)

Heat TransferConduction Convection Radiation Transfer of heat by ____________ , occurs in _____________

Transfer of heat through the motion of _________ and ___________

Transfer or energy as ____________.

Require _________________ ___________ Contact, Require _______________

__________ Contact, ___________ Particles requires

(conduction, convection, and radiation)1.)_______________Hot coffee is stirred with a spoon, the spoon gets hot due to.. 2.)________________ laying out in the sun to get a tan 3.) _________________Egg cooking in a frying pan

Object A

Temp:-25oC

Object B

Temp:-10oC

4.) _________________Warming up soup on a stove5.) __________Warm air over the beach rises while cooler dense air from the ocean rushes. 6.) __________A fireman feels a door and it is hot from the fire on the other side7.)__________Hot coffee is stir with a spoon, the spoon gets hot 8.)__________ you get sunburned

Photosynthesis: CO2 + H2O + energy C6H12O6 + O2 (Carbon Dioxide + water, in the Presence of Light and ChlorophyllSugar + Oxygen)

Q: What Happens to most of the light energy during photosynthesis?

A: It is changed into (kinetic/potential/chemical/thermal) energy.

Use the word bank below to label the Phase Change to the right

Energy the _____________ to do ____________ or produce _____________.

Law of Conservation of Energy: Energy is neither ______________ nor _____________ but transformed from ____________ form to ____________________.

Types of Energy

Definition Example

KineticEnergy of _____________ Rock _______down a hill

Potential_____________ Energy Rock ________ on a hill

Chemical

Potential energy ____________ in chemical bonds Energy in ____________

Ex: Glucose( sugar) produced in Plant Thermal

(Heat energy) All _____________ energy of atoms or molecules

______________

Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions

For each of the following draw arrows to show the direction of heat and indicate if it’s an Endothermic or Exothermic process a.) Melting ice cubes H2O (s) H2O(l) b.) Water freezing H2O (l) H2O(s)

______________ ____________

c.) Boiling water H2O (l) H2O(g) d.) Cold Packs _____________ ___________

e.) Combustion f.) Photosynthesis _____________ ______________

For each of the following, indicate if it’s an endothermic or exothermic reaction and if it’s releases or absorbs heat energy 1.)_______________CO2(g) CO2(s) 9.) _____________Br2(l) Br2(g) 2.)_______________ Hg (l) Hg (s) 10.) ______________Freezing of water 3.)_______________ I2(s) I2 (g) 11.) ______________Melting of iron 4.) _______________H2O (g) H2O (l) 12.) ____________ vaporization of ethanol5.) _______________the boiling of H2O 13.) ___________ sublimation of iodine6.) _______________ the condensation of H2O (g) 14.) __________ Cu (s) Cu (l) 7.)_______________cold pack 15.)____________steam condense to water8.)______________deposition 16.) __________H2O (s) H2O (l)

Endothermic = ____________ heat energy from the surrounding

Exo t hermic= ______________ heat energy

to the surrounding

Word Bank:

Melting, Vaporization, Sublimation, Freezing, Deposition, Condensation

Vaporization: Phase transition from _______ to _______

Boiling Point

-the temperature where vapor pressure equals ______pressure

-normal boiling point is measured at sea level or a pressure of __________

Pressure cooker

Phase Change

Evaporation: Phase transition from ____ to ______ at the ____________ of the liquid

Boiling: Phase transition from ________ to ________ occurs_____ or _______ the surface

- _____________ process

- _____ specific temperature

- occurs at the __________

- rigorous _________

-_______ the liquid

-at a _____

Sea Level

Atmosphere pressure =____

Boiling point= _____

Mt. Everest

Atmosphere pressure =____

Boiling point= _____

Denver, Colorado

Atmosphere pressure =____

Boiling point= _____

Dead Sea

Atmosphere pressure =____

Boiling point= _____

In a pressure cooker, the lid is placed on the pot to (increase/decrease) air pressure inside. This will (increase/decrease) the boiling point.

1.) Where is there a temperature change? ________2.) Where is there a phase change? __________3.) During Phase Change, does the temperature change? ______(When adding heat during a Phase change, the energy is used to overcome the ________ forces and to ________ them farther apart) 4.) This substance melts at a temp. of ________5.) This substance boils at a temp. of ________6.) Heating a substances from 300oC to 380oC is (Endothermic/ Exothermic) 7.) During Heat of fusion and Heat of Vaporization, the average KE _________, while the PE _______8.) During Solid, Liquid, and Gas state only:The average KE _______ while the PE________

9.) During Heat of Vaporization, the PE_________ while the KE_______10.) When the substance is completely in Liquid phase, the PE ________, while the KE ________

__________________________________________________________________________________________

6.) During which interval is the substance completely in the solid phase? _________7.) During which interval is the substance completely in the liquid phase? _________8.) During which interval is the substance completely in the gas phase? _________9.) Which segment of the curve represents a time when both the liquid and the solid phases are present?_______10.) Which segment of the curve represents a time when both the liquid and the gas phases are present? ______11.) The substance melts at what temperature? ________. It changes from (S/L/G) to (S/L/G) and the molecules (speed up/slow down) and move (farther apart/closer together) 12.) The substance boils at what temperature? ________. It changes from (S/L/G) to (S/L/G) and the molecules (speed up/slow down) and move (farther apart/closer together) 13.) During interval AB, the potential energy (Increase/decrease/remains the same) while the Kinetic Energy (Increase/decrease/remains the same) 14.) During interval DE, the potential energy (Increase/decrease/remains the same) while the Kinetic Energy (Increase/decrease/remains the same)15.) Heating the substance from 65oC to 80oC is an (endothermic/ exothermic) process

Phase Change

1.) This graph shows the (cooling/heating) starting with the (S/L/G) phase and ends with (S/L/G) phase

2.) Which interval is there a temp change? ____,____,____

3.) Which interval is there a phase change?____,____

4.) During phase change, does the temp change? _____

5.) While adding heat during phase change, the temperature does NOT change because the energy is used to pull the particles (together/apart) and overcome their (attractive /repel) forces for each other

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions below: 1.)This graph shows the uniform (cooling, heating) of a substance, starting with the (solid, liquid, gaseous) phase and ending with the (solid, liquid, gaseous) phase2.) Is this heat curve en example of exothermic or endothermic? ____________2.) Draw particle diagram for interval AB interval BC interval CD interval DE interval EF

3.) Which interval is there a temperature change? _______, _______ ,_______4.) Which interval is there a phase change? ______, _______. During phase change, does the temp change? ___5.) The temperature does NOT change during phase change because the heat energy is used to overcome the (attractive/repel) forces and to pull them (apart/ together) 6.) What is the melting point? _______ boiling point? _______ freezing point? ______7.) Which phase (S/L/G) is at 25oC? ______ 80oC? ______ 130oC? ______8.) During which interval is the substance completely in the solid phase? ___ liquid phase? ___ gas phase? __9.) Which segment of the curve represents a time when both the liquid and the solid phases are present?____10.) Which segment of the curve represents a time when both the liquid and the gas phases are present? ____11.) The substance freezes at what temperature? ________. It changes from (S/L/G) to (S/L/G) and the molecules (speed up/slow down) and move (farther apart/closer together) 12.) The substance boils at what temperature? ________. It changes from (S/L/G) to (S/L/G) and the molecules (speed up/slow down) and move (farther apart/closer together) 13.) All areas where kinetic energy is changing. _________, _______, __________13.) During interval AB, the potential energy (Increase/decrease/remains the same) while the Kinetic Energy (Increase/decrease/remains the same) 14.) During interval DE, the potential energy (Increase/decrease/remains the same) while the Kinetic Energy (Increase/decrease/remains the same)15.) Which interval is there a decrease in kinetic energy? ______, ______, ______ decrease in Potential Energy? _____, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.) Label S, L, G, freezing, melting, vaporization, Condensation, sublimation, deposition, triple point2.) Triple point: All three phases(S,L,G) exist in equilibrium Substance triple point: P=______ T=_____3.) Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP)T:______ P:_____4.) What is the normal freezing point of this substance? ______5.) What is the normal boiling point of this substance? _______ c f 6.) What is the normal melting point of this substance? ______7.) What phase are the following Pressure and Temperature? a.) ____ 1.25atm and 300oC b.)____ 2.00atm and 600oC c.) ____ 1.25atm and 300oC d.)____ 1.25atm and 300oC8.) This substance initially at pressure 1.50atm and Temperature of 200oC. The temperature was lowered to -100oC. What phase change occur? ________9.) This substance initially at temperature 0oC and pressure of 0.25atm. The pressure was raised to1.5atm. What phase change occur? ________

10.) This substance initially at temperature -200oC and 1.5atm of pressure. The temperature increases to 700oC. What phase change occur? ____________ 11.) When the substance changes from point X to Point Y, energy is (absorb/release) and that’s an (endothermic/exothermic) process. __________________________________________________________________________________________

More Practice Problems

E. Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy1.)

2.)

1.) At what temperature does the normal freezing point occurs? (atmospheric pressure = 101.3kPA)________

2.) What is the melting point at 160 kPA? ________

3.) What process is occurring when the substance changes from Y to X? ___________

4.) What process(es) is occurring when the substance from -60oC and 10kPA changes to 190kPA (Constant temperature) ________________

5.) What phase(s) are there at 140kPA and 0oC?_______

6.) What phase(s) are there at -200oC and 40 kPA ?_____

AB: Potential Energy __________, Kinetic Energy __________BC: Potential Energy___________, Kinetic Energy__________CD: Potential Energy__________, Kinetic Energy___________DE: Potential Energy__________, Kinetic Energy ___________EF: Potential Energy _________, Kinetic Energy____________Freezing Point: __________ Boiling Point:__________ Melting Point:_______________

AB: Potential Energy __________, Kinetic Energy __________BC: Potential Energy___________, Kinetic Energy__________CD: Potential Energy__________, Kinetic Energy___________DE: Potential Energy__________, Kinetic Energy ___________EF: Potential Energy _________, Kinetic Energy____________

1.) Label S, L, G, freezing, melting, vaporization, condensation, sublimation, deposition, triple point2.) What is triple point? _______________________________________ Substance triple point: P=______ T=_____4.) What is the normal freezing point of this substance? ______5.) What is the normal boiling point of this substance? _______ 6.) What is the normal melting point of this substance? ______7.) What process is occurring when the substance changes from point x to point y? ______, particles (speed up/ slow down)8.) What process is occurring when the substance changes from point x to point z? ____ , particles get (closer together/farther apart) 9.) What process is occurring when the substance changes from point z to point y? ______, energy gets (absorb/release) 10.) What phase(s) is/are present at 50atm and 700oC?_____11.) What process(es) is/are occurring when the substance changes from 600oC and 30atm to 70atm at constant temperature? ______12.) What process(es) is/are occurring when the substance changes from 0oC and 60atm to 750oC and 50atm? ______

1.) During interval BC, Potential energy _____ and the average kinetic energy _____2.) Which segments represent a decrease in kinetic energy? _________, particles are (speeding up/slowing down)3.) Which segments represent a decrease in potential? ______, particles are (closer together/farther apart) 4.) For which segments of the graph does the PE decrease and the average kinetic energy remain the same? ____5.) What is the boiling point of this substance? ___6.) What is the freezing point of this substance? ___7.) What is the melting point of this substance?____8.) What phase change occur when the substance heated from 120oC to 80oC:___________9.) Which phase(s) are the substance present at 60oC? ____10.) Which phase(s) are the substance present at 25oC? ___11.) Is this graph endothermic or exothermic ? ____

12.) Which interval is the picture to the right? __ 13.) During DE, particle distance (increase/decrease) and potential energy (increase/decrease)

XY

Z

1.) During interval AB: Particles are __________________________________2.) During interval BC: Particles are __________________________________3.) During interval CD: Particles are __________________________________4.) During interval DE: Particles are ___________________________________5.) During interval EF: Particles are ___________________________________6.) What is the boiling point of this substance?_________7.) What is the freezing point of this substance?_______8.)What is the melting point of this substance? ____9.) Which phase(s) are the substance present at 30oC? ______10.) Which phase(s) are the substance present at 20oC? _______11.) During DE, potential energy__________, kinetic energy _________

Label KE and PE below