chemistryqb topic7a mc e

Question Bank Topic 7Fossil Fuels and Carbon Compounds

Name: ___________________________ Class: ____________ Class No: __________

Mark: ___________ Date:______________

Multiple choice questions Unit 25

25.1: Fossil fuels − a major energy source25.2: What is petroleum made up of?(CDC guide: Coal, petroleum and natural gas as fossil fuels)

1 Which of the following is a fossil fuel?A Town gasB AlcoholC CoalD Wood

2 Which of the following statements concerning petroleum is INCORRECT?A It is a renewable energy source.B It was formed from marine organisms which died millions of years ago.C It is a fossil fuel.D It is a mixture consisting mainly of hydrocarbons.

3 Which of the following is NOT necessary for the formation of petroleum?A High temperatureB High pressure

C Dead remains of marine organismsD Dead remains of plants on Earth

4 Petroleum isA a mixture of petrol and natural gas.B a compound.C an impure substance.D the dead remains of plants.

5 Which of the following statements concerning petroleum is INCORRECT?A It is a raw material for making other useful products such as plastics.B It is a thick, dark and oily liquid.C The resource of petroleum can last for another 200 years.D It is a non-renewable energy source.

6 Which of the following statements concerning petroleum is correct?A It is a mixture of elements.B It contains mainly carbon, hydrogen and coal.C It is usually burnt directly to provide energy.D We rely heavily on petroleum for our energy needs.

7 Natural gas consists mainly ofA hydrogen.B methane.C carbon monoxide.D carbon dioxide.

8 How long will it take for the formation of natural gas?A 2 500 yearsB 25 000 yearsC 250 000 yearsD 250 million years

9 Natural gas is often found together with petroleum layer becauseA both of them came from the same origin.B both of them are buried underground.C both of them are hydrocarbons.D both of them are non-renewable.

10 Which of the following statements concerning natural gas is INCORRECT?A It is often found together with petroleum.B It is manufactured from petroleum.C It was formed from dead remains of marine animals and plants.D It is a cleaner fuel than coal.

11 Which of the following statements about coal is INCORRECT?A Coal consists mainly of hydrocarbons.B Coal originates from plants which died and were buried underground millions of years

ago.C Coal is the most abundant fossil fuels in the Earth.D Coal can be burnt directly to provide energy.

12 Coal and petroleum are called non-renewable energy resources becauseA they cannot be recycled.B they are expensive.C their formation rates are so slow that they cannot be replaced once after use.D a lot of pollutants will be formed when coal and petroleum are burnt.

13 Which of the following statements about fossil fuels is correct?A They exist either as solid or liquid.B All of them were formed from marine plants which died millions of years ago.C They consist mainly of carbon.D They give many air pollutants when burnt in an insufficient supply of oxygen.

14 Hydrocarbon is a compound which only contains

A carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.B carbon and hydrogen.C carbon and water.D carbon dioxide and hydrogen.

15 Which of the following are fossil fuels?(1) Coal(2) Crude oil(3) WoodA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

16 Which of the following statements about petroleum are correct?(1) Petroleum is mainly a mixture of hydrocarbons.(2) Petroleum is formed from dead remains of animals in recent decades.(3) Petroleum is an important raw material for making many useful things.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

17 Which of the following conditions is / are important for the formation of coal?(1) Presence of bacteria(2) Presence of carbon dioxide(3) Presence of waterA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

18 Which of the following are disadvantages of using coal as a fuel?(1) It will cause air pollution when it is burnt.

(2) It is a solid and unable to be transported through pipes.(3) It is more expensive than petroleum and natural gas.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

25.3: Fractional distillation of petroleum25.4: Petroleum refining25.5: Uses of petroleum fractions(CDC guide: Petroleum as a mixture of hydrocarbons and its separation intouseful fractions by fractional distillation ; Relation of the gradation in properties(e.g. colour, viscosity, volatility and burning characteristics) with the number ofcarbon atoms in the molecules of the various fractions ; Major uses of fractionsof petroleum)

1 In oil refinery, petroleum is separated into useful substances by the process ofA recrystallization.B electrolysis.C simple distillation.D fractional distillation.

2 Which of the following is NOT obtained from the fractional distillation of petroleum?A Liquefied petroleum gasB Natural gasC KeroseneD Lubricating oil

3 Which of the following substances can be obtained from the fractional distillation ofpetroleum?

A Natural gasB NaphthaC Coal

D Town gas

Directions: Questions 4 −7 refer to the following set-up for the fractional distillation of crude oil.

Fractions obtained Boiling point (℃)1 25 − 1002 100 − 1503 150 − 2004 200 − 250

4 Which of the fractions contains hydrocarbons with the highest number of carbon atoms?A Fraction 1B Fraction 2C Fraction 3D Fraction 4

5 Which of the fractions burns with the least amount of soot?A Fraction 1B Fraction 2C Fraction 3D Fraction 4

6 Which of the fractions is the most viscous?A Fraction 1B Fraction 2C Fraction 3D Fraction 4

7 Which of the following statements concerning the experiment is correct?A Fractional distillation involves a chemical change.B The colour intensity of different fractions are the same.C The fractions obtained are pure substances.D If the boiling tube is heated strongly, fractions that come out cannot be condensed readily.

8 The diagram shows how crude oil is separated into fractions.

Compared to the fraction given off at P, the fraction given off at Q has A a lower boiling point range and longer chains.B a lower boiling point range and shorter chains.C a higher boiling point range and longer chains.D a higher boiling point range and shorter chains.

9 Which of the following molecules is most likely to be found in petrol?A CH4

B C3H8

C C8H18

D C14H30

10 Which of the following is the most suitable to be used as fuel in aircraft?A Liquefied petroleum gasB BitumenC Kerosene

D Lubricating oil

11 The number of carbon atoms in the molecules of kerosene is in the range ofA 1 to 4.B 5 to 10.C 10 to 14.D 25 to 35.

12 Which of the following combinations is correct?Oil fraction Use

A Refinery gas manufacturing town gasB Kerosene as fuel for carsC Fuel oil surfacing roadsD Diesel oil as fuel for lorries

13 Liquefied petroleum gas consists mainly ofA methane.B methane and ethane.C propane and butane.D hydrogen.

Directions: Questions 14 −16 refer to the following diagram of a fractionating column of anoil refinery.

14 Y is A gas oil.B diesel oil.C lubricating oil.D bitumen.

15 Compared to fraction X, fraction WA is darker in colour.B is more viscous.C is more volatile.D is more difficult to be ignited.

16 Which of the following statements concerning the fractions are correct?(1) Fraction X has a higher boiling point range than fraction V.(2) Fraction V is more flammable than fraction W.(3) Fraction U is a cleaner fuel than fraction X.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

17 Fractional distillation of petroleum is an important industrial process because

A better grade of petroleum can be produced.B complex hydrocarbon mixture in petroleum can be separated into different useful

fractions.C many petro-chemical products can be produced in the process.D lighter fractions can be obtained from heavier fractions.

18 Petroleum can be separated into various fractions by fractional distillation because differentfractions have differentA densities.B boiling points.C viscosities.D solubilities.

19 Which of the following fractions from petroleum has the highest viscosity?A NaphthaB KeroseneC Fuel oilD Petrol

20 Methane is the main component ofA liquefied petroleum gas.B petrol.C natural gas.D diesel oil.

21 Which of the following is a pure substance?A Sea waterB Liquefied petroleum gasC Natural gasD Graphite

22 Consider the following table:

Hydrocarbon Boiling point (℃)Ethane -89Propane -42Butane -0.5

Which of the following can be deduced from the information above?A At 0℃, all the hydrocarbons exist as liquid.B At -55℃, only ethane exists as a gas.C At -100℃, all the hydrocarbons exist as solid.D The melting point of propane is higher than that of ethane.

23 Which of the following set-ups should be used in collecting different fractions in fractionaldistillation of petroleum in the laboratory?

24 Which of the following hazard warning labels should be displayed on a container of naphtha?

A (1) only

B (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

25 Which of the following substances is / are NOT derived from petroleum?(1) Ethanol(2) Soaps(3) PlasticsA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

26 Which of the following substances are derived from petroleum?(1) Petrol(2) Medicines(3) Soapless detergentsA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

27 Which of the following statements concerning the fractional distillation of petroleum is / arecorrect?(1) It involves a redox reaction.(2) It involves a physical change.(3) Pure hydrocarbons can be obtained.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

28 Liquefied butane is used as a(1) fuel for portable gas heaters.

(2) fuel for camping stoves.(3) filling gas in hair spray container.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

29 This question is about four hydrocarbons that are found in petroleum.Hydrocarbon Boiling point (℃)Ethane C2H6 -89Butane C4H10 0Pentane C5H12 36Decane C10H22 175

Which of the following statements concerning the hydrocarbons is / are correct?(1) Decane is the most volatile.(2) Ethane and Butane are gases at 20℃.(3) Pentane ignites most easily.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

Unit 26

26.1: Organic compounds26.2: Carbon − a unique element26.3: Representing molecular structures of organic compounds26.4: Molecular models26.5: Hydrocarbons

1 Which of the following is an organic compound?A CO2

B CH3COOHC Na2CO3

D NaHCO3

2 Compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen are calledA alkanes.B alkenes.C organic compounds.D hydrocarbons.

3 Which of the following statements about hydrocarbons is correct?A All hydrocarbons are saturated.B All hydrocarbons have low boiling points.C Petrol is a pure hydrocarbon.D All hydrocarbons contain C−H bonds.

4 The maximum number of single bonds held by a carbon atom in an organic compound isA 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.

5 Which of the following is the correct representation of the structural formula of butane?

6 Which of the following structural formulae is wrongly written?

7 Which of the following structural formulae is wrongly written?A CH3CH(OH)CH3

B CH3CH2=CH2

C CH3(CH2)2CH3

D CH3CH2COOH

8 Which of the following are hydrocarbons?(1) NaHCO3

(2) C3H6

(3) CH2=CH2

A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

9 Which of the following statements concerning methane are correct?(1) The structural formula of methane is CH4.(2) Methane is a saturated hydrocarbon. (3) Methane is flammable.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

10 Which of the following is / are unsaturated hydrocarbon?(1) CH3CH=CHCH3

(2)

(3) CH3CH2CH2CH3

A (1) only


11 Which of the following formulae represent the same molecule?


12 Which of the following are different ways of drawing the same molecule?

A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

13 Which of the following are different ways of drawing the same molecule?


14 The structures of two organic compounds are shown below:

Which of the following statements concerning the compounds is / are correct?(1) They are hydrocarbons.(2) They have the same structural formula.(3) They have the same molecular formula. A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

26.8: Physical properties of alkanes26.9: Chemical properties of alkanes(CDC guide: Petroleum as a source of alkanes; Reactions of alkanes: a)

combustion, b) substitution reactions with chlorine and bromine)

1 Which of the following statements about butane is INCORRECT?A It is a covalent compound.B It is a major constituent of liquefied petroleum gas.C It is insoluble in water.D It is a liquid at room temperature and pressure.

2 Which of the following alkanes is probably a non-volatile liquid?A C2H6

B C5H12

C C13H28

D C20H42

3 At room temperature and pressure, ethene is a gas whereas hexane (C6H14) is a liquid becauseA hexane has a higher carbon content than ethene.B the molecular size of hexane is larger than that of ethene.C hexane is denser than ethene.D hexane is a saturated hydrocarbon whereas ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.

4 Consider the equation for the complete combustion of hexane (C6H14):w C6H14(l) + x O2(g) → y CO2(g) + z H2O(l)Which of the following combinations is correct?

w x y zA 2 19 12 14B 1 9 6 6C 2 16 10 12D 1 13 6 7

5 What is the maximum number of organic products that can be obtained from the reactionbetween methane and excess bromine?A 1B 2

C 3D 4

6 Which of the following substances would react with methane?A Acidified potassium permanganate solutionB Acidified potassium dichromate solutionC OxygenD Hydrogen chloride

7 CH3CH3(g) + Cl2(g) → CH3CH2Cl(g) + HCl(g)The above reaction is known asA displacement.B substitution.C elimination.D addition.

8 Equal moles of methane and chlorine are allowed to react in diffused sunlight.Which of the following statements about the reaction is INCORRECT?A A mixture of CH3Cl, CH2Cl2, CHCl3, CCl4 and HCl is obtained.B An addition reaction occurs.C A redox reaction occurs.D The reaction is violent.

9 The model below represents an alkane molecule.

Key : ● represents a carbon atom

○ represents a hydrogen atomWhich of the following statements concerning the alkane is INCORRECT?A Its structural formula is C3H6.B It can be prepared by cracking heavy petroleum fractions.C It can decolourize bromine gas under sunlight.D It burns in air to form carbon dioxide and water.

10 The structure of two organic compounds are shown below:

Which of the following statements concerning the two compounds is INCORRECT?A Both are members of the same homologous series.B Both have the same molar volume at room temperature and pressure.

C Both have the same molecular formula.D Both undergo addition reaction when treated with bromine.

11 A pure hydrocarbon X is used in bottled gas for cooking. When 10 cm3 of the hydrocarbon areburnt in 70 cm3 of oxygen (an excess), the final gaseous mixture contains 30 cm3 of carbondioxide and 20 cm3 of unreacted oxygen. All gaseous volumes are measured under identicalconditions.What is the molecular formula of X?A C2H6

B C3H6

C C3H8

D C4H10

12 Which of the following statements concerning CH4, C2H4 and C3H8 is / are correct?(1) They are in the same homologous series.(2) They are hydrocarbons.(3) They are gases at room temperature and pressure.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) only

D (2) and (3) only

13 Which of the following statements concerning methane is / are correct?(1) It is formed naturally by decay of marine organisms millions of years ago.(2) The reaction between methane and chlorine is an addition reaction.(3) It burns in excess oxygen with a blue flame.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

14 What may be formed when butane burns in air?(1) Water(2) Carbon monoxide(3) CarbonA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

15 Which of the following would be produced when methane reacts with excess chlorine indiffused sunlight?(1) Chloromethane(2) Tetrachloromethane(3) Hydrogen chlorideA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

16 Which of the following statements concerning the reaction between ethane and bromine indiffused sunlight are correct?(1) The reaction is a substitution reaction.(2) The reaction mixture changes from orange to colourless gradually.

(3) A similar but faster reaction will occur if iodine is used instead of bromine.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

17 CH4(g) + Cl2(g) → CH3Cl(g) + HCl(g)The above reaction can be classified as(1) an addition reaction.(2) a substitution reaction.(3) a redox reaction.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

18 Which of the following statements concerning a saturated hydrocarbon are correct?(1) It contains only single bonds in its molecules.(2) It is a compound with a general formula of CnH2n.(3) It can decolourize bromine in diffused light.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

19 The structure of two alkanes are shown below:

Which of the following statements concerning X and Y are correct?(1) X has stronger forces between molecules when compared with Y.(2) Only X undergoes addition reactions.(3) X and Y have the same molecular formula. A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

20 The structure of two organic compounds are shown below:CH3(CH2)3CH3 CH3(CH2)6CH3

Compound X Compound YWhich of the following statements concerning the two compounds are correct?(1) X is less viscous than Y.(2) Y burns with a more sooty flame than X.(3) The boiling point of Y is higher than that of X.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

21 The structure of two organic compound are shown below:

Which of the following statements concerning compounds are correct?(1) Both are insoluble in water.(2) X is a saturated hydrocarbon while Y is an unsaturated hydrocarbon.(3) The viscosity of X is higher than that of Y.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

26.10: Naming alkanes26.11: Functional groups26.12: Naming alkenes, alkanols and alkanoic acids(CDC guide: Homologous series as illustrated by alkanes, alkenes, alkanols andalkanoic acids; Structural formulae and systematic naming of alkanes, alkenes,alkanols and alkanoic acids)

1 Among the homologous series of alkenes, which of the following properties will decrease asthe number of carbon atoms increases?A Sootiness of flameB DensityC Boiling pointD Volatility

2 The members of a homologous seriesA have the same chemical properties.B have different physical properties.

C have the same structural formula.D have the same molar volume.

3 Which of the following combinations is correct?Homologous series General formula

A Alkanes CnH2n

B Alkenes CnH2n+2

C Alkanols CnH2n+1OHD Alkanoic acids CnH2n+2COOH

4 Which of the following groups of compounds is NOT in the same homologous series?A C3H6, C4H8, C6H12

B C3H8, C5H10, C6H14

C C2H5COOH, C4H9COOH, C5H11COOHD C2H5OH, C4H9OH, C5H11OH

5 Which of the following compounds represents the third member of a homologous series?A ButaneB But-1-eneC Butan-1-olD Butanoic acid

6 Consider the following compounds:

Which of the following statements about the compounds is correct?

A They are alkenes.B They are straight-chain hydrocarbons.

C They have the same structural formulae.D They have the same physical properties.

7 An organic compound has the following structure:

The systematic name of this compound isA 2-ethylpropane.B 2,3-dimethylpropane.C 2-methylbutane.D 3-methylbutane.

8 What is the IUPAC name of the compound shown below?

A DibromopropaneB 1-bromo-2-bromopropaneC 1,2-dibromopropaneD 2,3-dibromopropane


A 1-chloro-3-methylpropaneB 3-chloro-1-methylpropaneC 4-chlorobutaneD 1-chlorobutane


A 1-bromomethylprop-1-eneB 1-bromobut-2-eneC 4-bromobut-2-eneD 1-bromobut-1-ene


A 2-methylpropan-2-olB 2-methylpropan-1-olC Butan-2-olD 1-methylpropan-2-ol


The systematic name of this compound isA methylbutanoic acid.B 3-methylpropanoic acid.C 1-methylpropanoic acid.D butanoic acid.


The systematic name of this compound isA 1,1-dimethylpropan-1-ol.B ethylpropan-1-ol.C 2-methylbutan-2-ol.D 3-methylbutan-3-ol.


A Butanoic acidB 1-methylpropanoic acidC 2-methylpropanoic acidD Propan-2-oic acid

15 Which of the following is the correct representation of the structural formula of1-iodo-2-methylbutane?

16 Which of the following compounds has the IUPAC name of 1-chloro-2, 3-dimethylbut-2-ene?

17 Which of the following statements about members in a homologous series is / are correct?(1) They have the same physical properties.(2) They can be represented by the same general formula.(3) They have the same empirical formula.A (1) only


18 Which of the following statements concerning members of a homologous series is / are correct?

(1) They can be represented by the same molecular formula.(2) Their boiling points increase with their molecular sizes.(3) They may not have the same functional group.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

26.13: A problem of supply-demand imbalance26.14: Cracking of petroleum26.15: Cracking of medicinal paraffin in the laboratory26.16: Importance of cracking(CDC guide: Cracking and its industrial importance)

Directions: Questions 1 −3 refer to the bar chart below showing the supply and demand of different fractions of petroleum in a certain country.

1 Which fraction has a greater supply than demand?A Refinery gasB PetrolC Diesel oilD Fuel oil and lubricating oil

2 Which of the following had been common domestic fuel(s)?(1) Diesel oil(2) Kerosene(3) PetrolA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

3 Which of the following can be deduced from the chart?(1) The demand of the fuel for cars is greater than supply.(2) More petrol can be obtained by cracking of fuel oil and lubricating oil.(3) The price of petroleum fractions depends on the demand and supply.A (1) onlyB (2) only

C (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

Directions: Questions 4 −5 refer to the table below which shows the demand and supply of various distilled fractions from petroleum.Distilled Fraction Demand Supply Boiling point range

K 5% 45% Higher

lower

L 25% 20%M 25% 10%N 5% 5%

4 What should fraction K be?A Lubricating oilB NaphthaC PetrolD Kerosene

5 How can the problem of great demand of L and M be solved?A Redistill K to obtain L and M.B Convert N to L and M by addition reaction.C Convert K to L and M by cracking.D Convert N to L and M by cracking.

6 Cracking is a process in whichA smaller alkane molecules are combined to form larger molecules.B larger alkane molecules are broken into smaller molecules.C smaller alkene molecules are combined to form larger molecules.D larger alkene molecules are broken into smaller molecules.

7 Cracking of heavy petroleum fractions should be done in the absence of air becauseA the impurities in air will poison the catalyst used in the cracking.B air will support the combustion of the fractions at high temperature.C air will decrease the reaction rate.D air will increase the amount of toxic gases given off.

8 Consider the following reaction: catalyst

C11H24 C6H12 + Xheat

Which of the following combinations about the reaction is correct?Reaction X Heat change

A Cracking Alkane EndothermicB Cracking Alkene EndothermicC Cracking Alkane ExothermicD Fractional distillation Alkene Exothermic

9 Which of the following is probably NOT formed in the cracking of fuel oil?A H2

B C3H8

C C2H5OD C2H6

10 Consider the following cracking process.C11H24 → X + YX is a saturated hydrocarbon containing 8 carbon atoms. Which of the following statementsabout the process is correct?A Y has a higher boiling point than X.B X and Y are in different homologous series.C Y can be either a saturated hydrocarbon or an unsaturated hydrocarbon.D The process is a physical change.

11 Which of the following petroleum fractions has a demand that outweighs the supply?A BitumenB KeroseneC Fuel oilD Lubricating oil

12 Which of the following set-ups should be used in collecting gaseous products in cracking of

naphtha in the laboratory?

13 Which of the following statements about the cracking in petroleum industry is correct?A It is an important process because more stable hydrocarbons can be produced.B It can produce alkenes.C It can produce extra lubricating oil to meet the demand.D Larger hydrocarbon molecules can be made from smaller hydrocarbon molecules.

14 Which of the following represents a cracking reaction?A C12H26 → C2H6 + C4H8 + C6H12

B C3H6 + H2O → C3H7OHC C4H8 + H2 → C4H10

D CH2BrCH2Br → C2H4 + Br2

15 Which of the following processes can be used to produce propene from crude oil?A DehydrationB Catalytic hydrationC CrackingD Distillation

Directions: Questions 16 −23 refer to the following experimental set-up.

16 The above experiment is calledA fractional distillation.B cracking.C catalytic hydration.D hydrogenation.

17 Which of the following substances can be used instead of broken porcelain?(1) Nickel(2) Aluminium oxide(3) Pumice stoneA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

18 What will happen if the wool soaked with paraffin is heated directly?A The tube will break.B The paraffin will burn.C The paraffin will escape without reaction.D The paraffin may explode.

19 The first tube of the gas collected is discarded becauseA it contains mainly expelled air from the boiling tube.B it is carbon dioxide produced by the oxidation of paraffin oil.C it is mainly paraffin vapour.D it is a mixture of alkanes and alkenes.

20 Why are some oily liquids found on the water surface in the beaker after the experiment?(1) Some unreacted paraffin condense in the water.(2) Some gaseous products react with water to form a oily liquid.(3) Some of the products are liquids.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

21 Which of the following is / are the precaution(s) of the experiment?(1) The delivery tube should be removed from water before heating is stopped.(2) The broken porcelain should not be heated to a high temperature.(3) The broken porcelain used should be freshly prepared.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

22 Which of the following combinations about the medicinal paraffin and gas B is correct?Property Medicinal paraffin Gas B

A Colour Colourless Pale yellowB Smell Odourless OdourlessC Flammability Difficult to ignite Easy to igniteD Corrosiveness Corrosive Non-corrosive

23 With reference to the above experiment, which of the following statements is / are correct?(1) The reaction is endothermic.(2) B is more reactive than medicinal paraffin.(3) B can decolourize bromine dissolved in 1,1,1-trichloroethane only when the reaction

mixture is under diffused sunlight.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

Directions: Questions 24 −26 refer to the following experiment.Ethene can be prepared by heating ethanol in the set-up shown below.

The reaction involved can be represented by the equation:CH3CH2OH(l) → CH2=CH2(g) + H2O(l)

24 The type of reaction involved in the preparation isA addition.B condensation.C dehydration.D substitution.

25 Which of the set-ups shown below can be used to collect the ethene produced?(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0, C = 12.0, N = 14.0, O = 16.0)

A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

26 Which of the following statements concerning the experiment are correct?

(1) The broken porous pot acts as a catalyst.(2) It is better to use small pieces of porous pot rather than large pieces.(3) The cotton wool soaked in ethanol should be heated directly.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

27 Demand of the lighter fractions of petroleum is greater than that of the heavier fractionsbecause(1) lighter fractions have larger molecules.(2) combustion of lighter fractions produces greater power.(3) combustion of lighter fractions causes less pollution problems.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

28 Which of the following are possible cracking reactions?(1) C10H22 → C6H14 + C4H8

(2) C10H22 → C4H10 + C5H10 + C + H2

(3) C10H22 → C5H10 + CH4 + C4H8


29 Which of the following statements about cracking are correct?(1) Cracking is a chemical process in which large hydrocarbon molecules are broken down

into smaller ones.(2) Cracking is important in regulating the demand and supply of various distilled petroleum

fractions.(3) Cracking produces alkenes which are important chemicals for the manufacture of other

useful products.A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

30 Which of the following statements about cracking is / are correct?(1) It is a chemical change.(2) It must be performed in the presence of a catalyst.(3) It can produce extra petrol to meet the demand.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

26.17: Alkenes26.18: Physical properties of alkenes26.19: Chemical properties of alkenes26.20: Test for alkenes(CDC guide: Reactions of alkenes with : (a) bromine, (b) acidified potassiumpermanganate solution)

1 Which of the following statements about alkenes is correct?A Propene is the third member in the alkene series.B They are saturated hydrocarbons.C They have the same empirical formula of CnH2n.D They can decolourize acidified potassium permanganate solution.

2 Which of the following substances has the lowest boiling point?A EthanolB Ethanoic acidC Ethene D Propene

3 Which of the following statements about alkenes is INCORRECT?A They can decolourize bromine dissolved in an organic solvent.B They can decolourize acidified potassium dichromate solution.C They consist of carbon and hydrogen only.D They are organic compounds.

4 The IUPAC name for the product of the reaction between but-1-ene and bromine dissolved inan organic solvent isA 1,1-dibromobutane.B 1,2-dibromobutane.C 2,2-dibromobutaneD 3,4-dibromobut-1-ene.

5 The IUPAC name for the product of the reaction between and bromine

dissolved in an organic solvent isA 1,2-dibromobutane.B 1,1-dibromo-2-methylpropane.C 2,3-dibromo-2-methylpropane.D 1,2-dibromo-2-methylpropane.

6 But-2-ene reacts with bromine dissolved in an organic solvent to formA CH2BrCHBrCH2CH3.B CH3CBr2CH2CH3.C CH3CHBrCHBrCH3.D CH2BrCH2CH2CH2Br.

7 But-2-ene reacts with acidified potassium permanganate solution to form

8 CH2=CH2 + X −Y →

The above reaction is known asA combustion.B substitution.C condensation.D addition.

9 Which of the following about alkenes is INCORRECT?A The general formula of alkenes is CnH2n.B They can decolourize red litmus solution.C They can be produced from the cracking of petroleum fractions.D They can be used as a starting material to manufacture plastics.

10 Which of the following compounds CANNOT be produced directly from ethene?A Carbon dioxide

B EthanolC Ethanoic acidD Polythene

11 Upon complete combustion, gaseous hydrocarbon X gives an equal number of moles ofcarbon dioxide and water. Which of the following hydrocarbons may X be?(1) But-1-ene(2) Butane(3) PropeneA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

12 Propane and propene can be distinguished by burning them separately in air becauseA propane is flammable while propene is not.B propene gives more carbon soot on burning.C propene burns with a clearer flame.D when equal number of moles of propane and propene are burnt completely in air, propene

will give more carbon dioxide.

13 Which of the following statements about ethane and ethene is INCORRECT?A They are insoluble in water.B They can react with bromine.C Ethene burns with a clearer flame than ethane.D They are gases at room temperature and pressure.

14 Which of the following statements concerning C4H10 and C3H6 is correct?A They are in the same homologous series.B They are saturated hydrocarbons.C They are gases at room temperature and pressure.D They can undergo addition reaction.

15 Which of the following statements concerning ethene is INCORRECT?A It can undergo addition reaction.B It is difficult to ignite.C It can be used to manufacture ethanol.D It can undergo polymerization.

16 A compound has the following structure:

Which of the following statements about this compound is INCORRECT?A It can decolourize bromine dissolved in an organic solvent.B It can be used as a raw material in making plastics.C It can burn in air.D It can undergo substitution reaction with acidified potassium permanganate solution.

17 Which of the following substances CANNOT decolourize acidified potassium permanganatesolution?A Sulphur dioxideB PropeneC Sodium sulphite solutionD Sodium nitrate solution

18 Which of the following substances does NOT react with acidified potassium dichromatesolution?A But-2-eneB Iron(II) sulphate solutionC Sodium sulphite solutionD Ethanol

19 Which of the following substances can be used to distinguish between ethene and sulphurdioxide?(1) Acidified potassium permanganate solution(2) Acidified potassium dichromate solution

(3) Moist pH paperA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

20 C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2

The above reaction can be classified as(1) an addition reaction.(2) a condensation reaction.(3) a substitution reaction.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

21 Which of the following substances can react with ethene?(1) Oxygen(2) Chlorine(3) Acidified potassium permanganate solutionA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

22 Which of the following statements about ethene, propene and but-1-ene is correct?(1) They can be represented by the same general formula.(2) They are gases at room temperature and pressure.(3) Propene burns with a more sooty flame than but-1-ene.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

23 Propene can be distinguished from propane by(1) bubbling the gas through bromine dissolved in an organic solvent.(2) bubbling the gas through acidified potassium dichromate solution.(3) bubbling the gas through dilute sodium hydroxide solution.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

24 But-2-ene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon. Which of the following reactions is / arecharacteristic(s) of the unsaturated nature of but-2-ene?(1) It undergoes incomplete combustion to give carbon monoxide.(2) It decolourizes acidified potassium permanganate solution.(3) It exists as a gas at room temperature and pressure.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

25 The structures of two organic compounds are shown below:

Which of the following statements concerning the two compounds is / are correct?(1) Both are saturated hydrocarbons.(2) Both have the same molar volume at room temperature and pressure.(3) Both are insoluble in water.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

26 Both ethene and ethyne are gaseous hydrocarbons. Their structures are shown below.

Which of the following statements concerning ethene and ethyne are correct?(1) Both have the same molar volume at room temperature and pressure.(2) Both undergo addition reaction when treated with chlorine.(3) Ethyne burns with a more sooty flame than ethene.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

27 Which of the following pairs of compounds can be distinguished by treating with acidifiedpotassium dichromate solution?(1) Ethane and ethene(2) Potassium sulphite solution and potassium sulphate solution(3) Sodium carbonate solution and sodium hydrogencarbonate solutionA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

Unit 27

27.1: Importance of fossil fuels27.2: What happens when fuels burn?27.3: Exothermic and endothermic reactions(CDC guide: Fossil fuels as an important source of energy ; Complete andincomplete combustion of hydrocarbons)

1 Which of the following is NOT a combustion product of petrol?A WaterB Hydrogen

C Carbon D Carbon dioxide

2 Which of the following properties is common to both carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide?A They are odourless.B They can be burnt in air.C They are poisonous.D They can turn limewater milky.

3 Which of the following is NOT a reason for the wide use of butane as a fuel nowadays?A It can be easily liquefied under pressure.B It is light.C It can burn readily.D It gives a high temperature when burnt.

4 Which of the following processes is exothermic?A Cracking of petroleum fractionsB Thermal decomposition of calcium carbonateC Adding solid sodium hydroxide into waterD Sublimation of dry ice

5 Which of the following processes is endothermic?A Adding concentrated sulphuric acid into waterB Adding magnesium into zinc sulphate solutionC Burning of liquefied petroleum gasD Evaporation of ethanol

6 Which of the following reastions is endothermic?A 2H2(g) + O2(g) → 2H2O(l)B C3H8(g) + 5O2(g) → 3CO2(g) + 4H2O(l)C C10H22(l) → C8H18(l) + C2H4(g)D HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

7 Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide. At room temperature, it sublimes according to the followingequation:CO2(s) + heat → CO2(g)Handling dry ice with bare hands can cause severe skin damage. This is because solid carbondioxideA is a strong oxidizing agent.B releases considerable heat to the skin while subliming.C absorbs considerable heat from the skin while subliming.D forms a strong acid when dissolved in the moisture of the skin.

8 A gaseous mixture consists of ethane and ethene in a mole ratio of 1 : 1. It has a volume of100 cm3 at room temperature and pressure. What is the volume of oxygen required, measuredat room temperature and pressure, for the complete combustion of the mixture?A 275 cm3

B 300 cm3

C 325 cm3

D 350 cm3

9 Which of the following statements about octane (C8H18) is / are correct?(1) Octane is a component of the fuel for cars in Hong Kong.(2) When octane is completely burnt, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and water are

formed.(3) Burning of octane is an endothermic reaction.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

10 Which of the following may be the products when a hydrocarbon burns incompletely in air?(1) Carbon(2) Carbon dioxide(3) WaterA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

11 Which of the following are disadvantages of using fossil fuels?(1) They are non-renewable.(2) Burning of them causes air pollution problems.(3) They are very expensive.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

12 Which of the following statements concerning oil spillage on the sea are correct?(1) Petroleum is toxic to marine lives.(2) Petroleum can cause the outbreak of fire on the sea.(3) Detergent spray may be used to remove the spilt petroleum.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

13 Consider the following experimental set-up:

Which of the following statements are correct?(1) The flame of burning ethane is blue in colour.(2) The dry cobalt(II) chloride paper turns blue.(3) The limewater turns milky.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

14 Which of the following are endothermic processes?(1) Cracking of naphtha(2) Photosynthesis in plants(3) Sublimation of ammonium chlorideA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

15 Which of the following reactions are exothermic?(1) Burning magnesium to make the oxide(2) Reaction of lime with dilute hydrochloric acid(3) Reaction of sulphur trioxide with waterA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

16 Methane burns in air to form carbon dioxide and water according to the following equation:CH4(g) + 2O2(g) → CO2(g) + 2H2O(l) H < 0Which of the following statements can be deduced from the above information?(1) The reaction is exothermic.(2) A catalyst is required for the reaction.(3) When measured at room temperature and pressure, the total volume before the reaction

equals that after the reaction.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

17 Manufacture of ammonia involves the following reaction:

N2(g) + 3H2(g) ⇌ 2NH3(g) H < 0Which of the following statements can be deduced from the above reaction?(1) Heat is liberated when ammonia is formed.(2) In the conversion chamber, nitrogen, hydrogen and ammonia are all present.(3) The reaction is reversible.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

27.4: Hazards associated with the use of household fuels27.5: Safety precautions in using household fuels(CDC guide: Hazards associated with the use of household fuels : (a) toxicity, (b) flammability ; Safety precautions in using household fuels)

1 Which of the following is NOT a constituent of town gas?A HydrogenB MethaneC ButaneD Carbon monoxide

2 Which of the following is a constituent of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)?A MethaneB PropaneC HydrogenD Carbon monoxide

3 Which of the following statement concerning the town gas in Hong Kong is correct?A Town gas is produced from coal.B Town gas contains about 50% of methane.C An odourant is added to give town gas a characteristic smell for easy detection in case of

gas leakage.D Turn on an exhaust fan to remove town gas in case gas leakage occurs in a kitchen.

4 Which of the following about the use of town gas is INCORRECT?A Ensure good ventilation when it is burnt.B Rubber hose connecting to the gas burner should be checked frequently.C Do not use any electrical appliances when town gas is lighted.D Keep the stove away from windows to prevent the blowing off of the flame.

5 If you suspect there is a leakage of town gas in your home, you shouldA check whether the gas tap is turned off.B switch off all electrical appliances.C leave home immediately.D call the nearest maintenance service using a mobile phone.

6 Carbon monoxideA is carcinogenic.B is corrosive because it dissolves in water to give carbonic acid.C combines with haemoglobin to form a stable compound.D has a bad smell.

7 Which of the following combinations concerning the properties of gases is correct?Gas Property

A Carbon monoxide can burn in airB Chlorine insoluble in waterC Ethene dissolves readily in water D Methane difficult to ignite

8 Which of the following is / are the main constituent(s) of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)?(1) Propane(2) Carbon monoxide(3) ButaneA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) only

D (2) and (3) only

9 Which of the following about town gas is / are correct?(1) It is poisonous.(2) It is irritating.(3) It is explosive.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

10 Which of the following statements concerning town gas in Hong Kong is / are correct?(1) Town gas is obtained from fractional distillation of petroleum.(2) Town gas contains hydrogen as the major component.(3) Oxygen is added to enhance the flammability of town gas prior to its delivery to

consumers.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

11 Which of the following are the safety precautions of using household gas fuels?(1) Do not leave the stove unattended.(2) Do not use a telephone at the same time.(3) Check the rubber hose frequently for any leakage by a qualified technician.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

12 Why is it important to open windows and doors when using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) athome?(1) To avoid the surrounding temperature becoming too high.(2) To get plenty of fresh air for the combustion of LPG.

(3) To avoid the accummulation of LPG in case of leakage.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

13 Which of the following statements concerning carbon monoxide are correct?(1) In small amounts, it can cause headaches and dizziness.(2) It reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of blood.(3) It can be found in town gas.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

27.6: Major air pollutants from cars, factories, incinerators and power stations27.7: Acid rain27.8: The greenhouse effect and global warming27.9: Methods of reducing air pollution27.10: The role of the government in controlling air pollution(CDC guide: Major air pollutants from cars, factories, incinerators and powerstations : unconsumed hydrocarbons, particulates, carbon monoxide, sulphurdioxide and oxides of nitrogen; Environmental problems associated with theburning of fossil fuels; Measures to reduce air pollutants from the burning offossil fuels)

1 Sulphur dioxide is mainly produced by the burning of fuels inA homes.B vehicles.C power stations.D aircrafts.

2 Which of the following is NOT an air pollutant from incinerators?

A OzoneB Nitrogen dioxideC Sulphur dioxideD Dark smoke

3 Oxides of nitrogen are found in car exhaust becauseA nitrogen combines with oxygen in car engines at high temperature.B petrol contains a lot of nitrogen impurities.C there are no filters in the exhaust pipes.D no scrubbers are installed in cars.

4 Unburnt hydrocarbons in car exhaust are pollutants becauseA they are carcinogenic.B they are flammable.C they dissolve in rainwater to form acid rain.D they are corrosive.

5 Unpolluted rain water has a pH of about 5.7. Which of the following gases causes the acidityof unpolluted rain water?A Carbon monoxideB Carbon dioxideC Lead compoundD Nitrogen dioxide

6 Which of the following statements about acid rain is INCORRECT?A Acid rain reduces the yield of crops.B Acid rain causes the corrosion of limestone statues.C Acid rain can attack our respiratory track.D Acid rain is caused by the excess burning of fossil fuels.

7 Which of the following substances can cause acid rain?A Sulphur dioxide from the burning of fuels in factoriesB Carbon dioxide from the complete combustion of liquefied petroleum gas

C Unburnt hydrocarbons from the incomplete combustion of petrolD Carbon monoxide from the incomplete combustion of fuels

8 Which of the following gases can keep the Earth warm?A Carbon dioxideB NitrogenC OxygenD Argon

9 Which of the following statements concerning carbon dioxide is correct?A Carbon dioxide is used to fill weather balloons.B Carbon dioxide dissolves in water to give an acidic solution.C Carbon dioxide causes acid rain.D Solid carbon dioxide has a covalent network structure.

10 Which of the following gases does NOT cause global warming?A MethaneB OzoneC Sulphur dioxideD Chlorofluorocarbons

11 Which of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere that contributes to globalwarming?A Carbon dioxideB MethaneC OzoneD Chlorofluorocarbons

12 Which of the following statements about global warming is INCORRECT?A Global warming causes the melting of ice at polar regions.B Methane is the most abundant greenhouse gas in the atmosphere.C The problem of global warming can be reduced by afforestation.D Global warming may lead to changes of the Earth’s climate.

13 Which of the following pairs is wrongly matched?Pollutant Effect

A Nitrogen dioxide Attacking respiratory systemB Photochemical smog Irritating eyesC Carbon monoxide Causing global warmingD Lead compounds Causing lung diseases

14 Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?Pollutant Effect

A Sulphur dioxide Attacking respiratory systemB Particulates Increasing rate of corrosion of metalsC Unburnt hydrocarbons Causing headachesD Nitrogen dioxide Causing liver damage

15 Which of the following statements about unburnt hydrocarbons in car exhaust is correct?A They can cause lung cancer.B They give photochemical smog with carbon dioxide.C Installing scrubbers in cars can reduce their emission.D Installing electrostatic precipitators in power stations can reduce their emission.

16 Which of the following statements about particulates is INCORRECT?A They are produced from cars, factories and incinerators.B They are produced by incomplete combustion of fuels.C They irritate our respiratory systems.D They can be removed by scrubbers.

17 Which of the following changes would occur in a catalytic converter installed in a motor car?A Carbon monoxide changes to carbon particulates.B Nitrogen monoxide changes to nitrogen dioxide.C Unburnt hydrocarbons changes to carbon dioxide and water.D Sulphur dioxide changes to sulphur.

18 Electrostatic precipitators are installed in chimneys to reduce the emission ofA carbon monoxide.B sulphur dioxide.C nitrogen dioxide.D carbon soot.

19 Which of the following methods would NOT reduce the amount of pollutants in theatmosphere?A Installing scrubbers in factoriesB Building higher chimneys in factoriesC Using fuels with a low sulphur contentD Installing catalytic converters in motor cars

20 Which of the following measures CANNOT reduce the formation of acid rain?A Installation of scrubbers in power stationsB Installation of electrostatic precipitators in chimneysC Installation of catalytic converters in motor carsD Using fuels with a lower sulphur content

21 Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?Pollutant Measure to reduce emission

A Sulphur dioxide Installing catalytic convertersB Carbon particulates Installing scrubbersC Nitrogen dioxide Installing electrostatic precipitatorsD Carbon monoxide Blowing air into chimneys

22 Which of the following processes is a physical change?A Rusting of ironB Heating hydrated copper (II) sulphateC Removing nitrogen monoxide from car exhaust using a catalytic converterD Removing particulates from power station gas using an electrostatic precipitator

23 Which of the following conversions requires a catalyst?A Fe2O3(s) → Fe(s)B C2H4(g) → CH2OHCH2OH(aq)C CO(g) + NO(g) → CO2(g) + N2(g)D CH4(g) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(l)

24 Which of the following statements about car exhaust gas are correct?(1) It turns limewater milky.(2) It turns litmus solution red and then colourless.(3) It turns dry cobalt(II) chloride paper pink.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

25 Which of the following statements about sulphur dioxide are correct?(1) It can decolourize acidified potassium permanganate solution.(2) It causes acid rain.(3) It can be removed from power stations by installation of scrubbers.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

26 Which of the following statements about carbon monoxide are correct?(1) It combines with haemoglobin much more strongly than oxygen does.(2) It can be removed from incinerators by installing of electrostatic precipitators.(3) It is formed as a result of incomplete combustion of fuels.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

27 Which of the following statements about sulphur dioxide is / are correct?

(1) Its aqueous solution bleaches by oxidation.(2) It can be absorbed by sodium hydroxide solution.(3) It can cause darkening of building walls.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

28 Which of the following statements about oxides of nitrogen are correct?(1) High temperatures inside car engine cause their formation.(2) Installing low nitrogen oxide burners in power stations can reduce their emission.(3) They are converted to nitrogen in scrubbers installed in car exhaust systems.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

29 A rainwater sample collected in Causeway Bay has a lower pH value than the one collected inTai Koo Shing. Which of the following air pollutants is / are likely to be responsible for thisphenomenon?(1) Nitrogen dioxide(2) Sulphur dioxide(3) Unburnt hydrocarbonsA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

30 Which of the following are effects of acid rain?(1) It causes corrosion of buildings.(2) It destroys vegetation.(3) It kills aquatic organisms.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

31 Which of the following gases are responsible for global warming?(1) Carbon dioxide(2) Methane(3) OzoneA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

32 Which of the following processes affect the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?(1) Absorption by sea water(2) Burning of fossil fuels(3) Respiration of living thingsA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

33 Which of the following environmental problems are caused by excessive burning of fossilfuels?(1) Flooding in coastal areas(2) Formation of photochemical smog(3) Decrease in crop yieldA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

34 Which of the following are causes of environmental problems associated with burning fuels?(1) Incomplete combustion of fuels(2) Presence of sulphur impurities in fuels(3) Exothermic nature of combustion of fuels


35 Which of the following is / are the advantage(s) of installing catalytic converters in car exhaustsystems?(1) To reduce the amount of oxides of nitrogen in car exhaust.(2) To ensure the complete combustion of fuel.(3) To reduce the amount of carbon monoxide in car exhaust.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

36 Which of the following gases can be reduced by the installation of catalytic converters?(1) Carbon dioxide(2) Nitrogen dioxide(3) Sulphur dioxideA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

37 Burning of PVC (a plastic) in an incinerator produces hydrogen chloride gas. Which of thefollowing measures can reduce the emission of hydrogen chloride gas?(1) Installing scrubbers(2) Installing catalytic converters(3) Installing electrostatic precipitatorsA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

38 Which of the following methods can reduce the formation of acid rain?(1) Installing flue gas desulphurization systems in factories(2) Installing low nitrogen oxide burners in power stations(3) Installing catalytic converters in car exhaust systemsA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

39 Which of the following measures can reduce the emission of sulphur dioxide from a coal-firedpower station?(1) Installation of catalytic converters(2) Installation of flue gas desulphurization systems(3) Increasing the height of chinmeysA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

40 Which of the following measures can reduce the emission of oxides of nitrogen?(1) Installing catalytic converters in car exhaust systems(2) Installing scrubbers in car exhaust systems(3) Installing electrostatic precipitators in factoriesA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

41 Which of the following are possible measures to reduce global warming?(1) Use alternative sources of energy.(2) Plant more trees.(3) Stop cutting down forests.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

42 Which of the following equations represent the reactions that would occur in a catalyticconverter?(1) N2(g) + 2CO2(g) → 2NO(g) + 2CO(g)(2) 2CO(g) + O2(g) → 2CO2(g)(3) 2C8H18(l) + 25O2(g) → 16CO2(g) + 18H2O(l)A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

43 The following diagram shows a scrubber in a power station.

Which of the following equations represent the reactions that would occur in the scrubber?(1) CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)(2) CaO(s) + SO2(g) → CaSO3(s)(3) 2SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2SO3(g)A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

44 Which of the following statements about measures to reduce air pollutants is / are correct?

(1) Remove carbon soots by installing electrostatic precipitators in factories.(2) Reduce the emission of sulphur dioxide by installing desulphurization systems in motor

cars.(3) Reduce the emission of nitrogen dioxide by using high grade fuels.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

Unit 28

28.1: Renewable and non-renewable energy sources28.2: Alternative energy sources28.3: Solar energy28.4: Hydroelectric power28.5: Geothermal energy28.6: Tidal energy28.7: Wind energy28.8: Biogas −energy from waste28.9: Nuclear energy(CDC guide: Alternative sources of energy)

1 The energy conversions that occur in a coal-fired power station is best represented as:A Chemical energy → thermal energy → mechanical energy → electrical energyB Thermal energy → chemical energy → mechanical energy → electrical energyC Chemical energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy → thermal energyD Electrical energy → chemical energy → mechanical energy → thermal energy

2 Which of the following is NOT an advantage of using fossil fuels as an energy source?A Fossil fuels are available readily.B Fossil fuels are non-renewable.C Fossil fuels are relatively cheap when compared with other alternative energy sources.D Fossil fuels are convenient to use.

3 Which of the following is a non-renewable energy source?A Nuclear energyB Wind energyC Solar energyD Hydroelectric power

4 Which of the following energy sources causes the least air pollution problems?A PetroleumB Geothermal energyC CoalD Hydroelectric power

5 Which of the following is the most important consideration of finding a site to build a nuclearpower plant?A It should be near to the raw material resources.B It should be near to transport facilities.C It should be far away from population.D It should be far away from water supply.

6 Which of the following comparisons between nuclear energy and tidal energy is correct?Nuclear energy Tidal energy

A Renewable RenewableB High cost for constructing a power plant Low cost for constructing a power plantC Can generate electricity continuously Only generates electricity twice a dayD Does not cause any water pollution problem Does not affect the ecology of nearby areas

7 Which of the following comparisons between fossil fuels and solar energy is INCORRECT?Fossil fuels Solar energy

A More serious air pollution Less serious air pollutionB Energy generated can be recycled Energy generated can be recycledC Lower cost forconstructing a power plant Higher cost for constructing a power plantD Non-renewable Renewable

8 Which of the following about geothermal energy is INCORRECT?A It is a renewable energy source.B The operating cost is very low.C It uses underground heat to generate electricity.D It may cause the release of poisonous gases.

9 Which of the following is NOT a limitation of using tidal energy?A It only generates electricity twice a day.B Sites suitable for building plants are limited.C It may affect the ecology of the area.D It causes serious air pollution.

10 Which of the following statements about biogas is INCORRECT?A It is a common fuel in many countries.B It mainly consists of methane.C Using biogas to generate electricity reduces the amount of substances which can be used

as fertilizers.D It can be formed by anaerobic decomposition of manure.

11 Which of the following statements about the use of nuclear energy is INCORRECT?A The building cost of a nuclear power plant is high.B It is cheap in long run.C The heat energy generated in the reactor is used in the collision between uranium

nuclei and neutrons.D Advanced technology is required for running the power plant.

12 Which of the following are disadvantages of using fossil fuels as an energy source?(1) The supply of fossil fuels is limited.(2) Burning of fossil fuels causes global warming.(3) Fossil fuels are dangerous to use under whatever conditions.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

13 Which of the following are reasons for developing alternative energy sources?(1) Fossil fuels are running short.(2) Alternative energy sources are relatively cheaper.(3) Burning of fossil fuels causes serious pollution problems.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

14 Which of the following are renewable energy sources?(1) Tidal energy(2) Wind energy(3) Solar energyA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

15 Which of the following are reasons for the limited use of solar energy?(1) Solar panels are expensive to build.(2) It is difficult to collect and store solar energy.(3) Solar energy is an unreliable energy source.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

16 Which of the following are reasons for the limited use of hydroelectric power?(1) It is difficult to find a site for building the dams.(2) The cost for constructing a plant is high.(3) The ecosystem nearby will be affected.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) only

C (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

17 Which of the following statements about tidal energy are correct?(1) Tidal energy is a renewable energy source.(2) It is expensive to build the generators and dams.(3) Electricity is generated continuously.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

18 Which of the following is / are the advantage(s) of using nuclear energy?(1) Nuclear energy produces less air pollutants than fossil fuels.(2) Nuclear energy is renewable.(3) The reserve of raw materials for generating nuclear energy is fairly large.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

19 Which of the following are disadvantages of using solar energy?(1) It is difficult to store the energy.(2) The technology has not been fully developed.(3) It is not reliable.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

20 Which of the following statements about hydroelectric power are correct?(1) It cannot be used in every part of the world.(2) Only places where there are natural waterfalls can use hydroelectric power.(3) It may lead to the flooding of populated valley.


21 Which of the following are disadvantages of using geothermal energy?(1) It involves a high cost in digging well.(2) Toxic gases will be released from the wells.(3) The heat energy supply is running short.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

22 Which of the following are constraints of using geothermal energy?(1) It is costly to use.(2) There is a limited choice of suitable sites for building power plants.(3) Water released from wells may contain toxic substances.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

23 Which of the following statements about solar energy and tidal energy are correct?(1) They are renewable energy sources.(2) They cause less air pollution when compared with fossil fuels.(3) The construction costs for the plants are expensive.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

24 Wind energy(1) is renewable.

(2) causes less pollution problems than fossil fuels.(3) operates in summer only.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

25 Which of the following statements about wind energy are correct?(1) It is unreliable.(2) It only generates electricity twice a day.(3) Windmills affect sightseeing.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

26 What would be the disadvantages of using nuclear energy as an energy source?(1) There might be disastrous radioactive leakage.(2) There is no perfect way to dispose of radioactive wastes.(3) The raw materials for generating nuclear energy are limited.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

27 Under suitable conditions, organic wastes can be digested by bacteria to give a gaseousmixture. Which of the following statements are correct?(1) Organic waste is a renewable energy source.(2) The gaseous mixture can be used as a fuel.(3) Animal manure can be used for producing the gaseous mixture.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

Unit 29

29.1: Alcohol in our lives29.2: Alkanols29.5: Uses of alkanols29.6: Problems associated with excessive drinking of alcohol(CDC guide: Uses of alcohols in drinks, as solvents and fuels)

1 The structural formula of a certain compound is shown below.

The systematic name of this compound isA butan-1-ol.B butan-2-ol.C 2-methylpropan-1-ol.D 2-methylpropan-2-ol.


The systematic name of this compound isA 1,2-dimethylethanol.B 1- methylpropan-1-ol.C butan-2-ol.D butan-3-ol.

3 Which of the following is NOT a major use of alcohol?A As a constituent of alcoholic drinksB As a fuelC As a solvent

D As food flavouring

4 Why is petrol, instead of ethanol, used as a fuel for motor cars in Hong Kong?A Petrol is a cleaner fuel than ethanol.B Ethanol is more expensive than petrol.C Petrol is renewable while ethanol is non-renewable.D Ethanol is more poisonous than petrol.

5 Which of the following statements about using ethanol as a fuel for motor cars isINCORRECT?A Car engines do not need to be modified before using ethanol as a fuel.B It reduces the food supply of the world.C Ethanol produces less energy than petrol.D Ethanol is a renewable energy source.

6 Iodine tincture is prepared by dissolving iodine inA water.B hexane.C ethanol.D oil.

7 When rubbing alcohol is placed on skin, the skin immediately feelsA warmer because evaporation is endothermic.B warmer because evaporation is exothermic.C cooler because evaporation is endothermic.D cooler because evaporation is exothermic.

8 Which organ in our body is responsible for removing the alcohol taken in?A HeartB LiverC StomachD Intestine

9 Which of the following is NOT a health problem associated with excessive alcohol drinking?A Stomach ulcersB Cirrhosis of liverC DepressionD Diabetes

10 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A Gasohol is a mixture of petrol and ethanol.B Methylated spirit is a commonly used industrial fuel.C Ethanol is used as a solvent in perfumes.D Ethanol is a cleaner fuel than petrol.

11 Which of the following statements about alkanols is / are correct?(1) It is the group of organic compounds with a general formula of CnH2n+1OH.(2) All alcoholic drinks contain methanol.(3) With a sufficient supply of oxygen, alkanols burn completely to form carbon dioxide and

water.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

12 Which of the following statements about alkanols are correct?(1) All alkanols contain the hydroxyl functional group.(2) Ethanol can be used as a fuel for cars.(3) Methylated spirit contains both methanol and ethanol.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

13 Which of the following is / are use(s) of ethanol?(1) As a fuel

(2) As a pain-killer(3) Production of vinegarA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

14 Which of the following are advantages of using ethanol as a car fuel?(1) Ethanol is cheaper than petrol in agricultural countries.(2) Car engines can run on pure ethanol without modification.(3) Ethanol is a cleaner fuel than petrol.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

15 Ethanol is considered a more environmentally-friendly fuel than diesel because(1) ethanol is a renewable energy source.(2) ethanol burns with a less sooty flame than diesel.(3) ethanol does not contain sulphur impurities which cause acid rain.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

16 Which of the following are advantages of using gasohol (a mixture of petrol and ethanol) overpetrol as a fuel for motor cars in Brazil?(1) Gasohol has lower carbon monoxide emissions than petrol.(2) Gasohol is cheaper than petrol.(3) Gasohol has a higher energy content than petrol.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

17 Which of the following are problems associated with excessive alcoholic drinking?(1) Loss of self-control(2) Mouth, throat and gullet cancer(3) Thinning of bloodA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

18 A pregnant woman should NOT take in excess alcohol because this may lead to(1) retarded physical development of the baby.(2) brain damage of the baby.(3) death of the baby.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

29.3: Production of ethanol from fermentation29.4: Industrial production of ethanol

1 Which of the following statements about ethanol is INCORRECT?A It is a component of methylated spirit.B It is a good solvent.C It can be produced from ethene.D It is insoluble in water.

Directions: Questions 2 −6 refer to the following process for the production of an alcoholicbeverage.

2 X is a food substance. X is least likely to beA potato.B egg.C rice.D grape.

3 Process 1 is known asA fermentation.B hydration.C addition reaction.D cracking.

4 Which of the experimental set-ups is most suitable for carrying out Process 1?

5 Process 2 is known asA crystallization.B evaporation.C fractional distillation.D filtration.

6 Why the liquid containing 45% ethanol CANNOT be obtained directly from Process 1?A X has been used up.B Yeast has been used up.C All the X has reacted with ethanol.D Yeast has been killed by 15% ethanol solution.

7 Ethanol is produced by the fermentation of sugar using yeast. Which of the following graphs correctly shows how the speed of fermentation changes with

temperature?

8 Consider the following reaction:C2H4(g) + H2O(g) → C2H5OH(g)The reaction is known asA displacement.B hydration.C fermentation.D hydrolysis.

Directions: Questions 9 to 11 refer to the following processes.Each of the following processes produces ethanol in industry.

9 Which of the following combinations is correct?Process 1 Process 2

A Cracking FermentationB Hydration FermentationC Cracking Dehydration

D Hydration Dehydration

10 Which of the following statements concerning Process 1 is correct?A A catalyst is used in the process.B The ethene used can be obtained directly from fractional distillation of petroleum.C The process involves a condensation reaction.D The process produces pure ethanol.

11 Which of the following statements concerning Process 2 is correct?A The process is carried out at about 100℃.B Yeast acts as a catalyst in the process.C Yeast undergoes aerobic respiration in the process.D The product mixture contains about 25% of ethanol by volume.

12 Which of the following reactions is endothermic?A Fermentation of glucose solutionB The reaction of calcium carbonate with dilute hydrochloric acidC Cracking of petroleum fractionsD The reaction of calcium with water

13 Which of the following experimental set-ups is suitable for preparing a liquid containing 70 %ethanol from a liquid containing 20 % ethanol?

14 An alkanol with molecular formula C3H8O can be prepared by catalytic hydration ofA ethane.B ethene.C propane.

D propene.

15 Which of the following processes require a catalyst?A Preparation of ethanoic acid from ethanolB Manufacture of ethanol from ethene in industryC Manufacture of chlorine bleach from brineD Preparation of sulphur dioxide from iron pyrite

16 Which of the following processes does NOT produce carbon dioxide?A Burning biogasB Fermentation of glucose solutionC Photosynthesis in plantsD Treatment of car exhaust in a catalytic converter

Directions: Questions 17 −18 refer to the following experimental set-up.

17 What will be observed in the conical flask as fermentation proceeds?(1) The limewater turns milky.(2) The reaction mixture becomes cloudy after a few days.(3) The reaction mixture becomes warmer.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

18 Which of the following statements about the function of limewater are correct?(1) It is used to detect the release of carbon dioxide during fermentation.(2) It prevents oxygen from entering the reaction mixture.(3) It is used to absorb moisture in the atmosphere.


19 What of the following substances can be obtained from the reaction between ethene and water?

A EthanolB EthaneC Ethyl ethanoateD Ethanoic acid

20 Which of the following substances can be used to prepare ethanol by fermentation?(1) Apple(2) Tomato(3) WheatA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

21 Which of the following procedures about fermentation of sugar solution are correct?(1) The set-up should be left undisturbed for several days.(2) The set-up should be kept at a temperature of 45℃.(3) The set-up should be air-tight.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

22 Ethanol can be prepared by(1) catalytic hydration of ethane.(2) fermentation of sucrose solution.(3) combustion of ethene.

A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (2) onlyD (1) and (3) only

23 Which of the following statements about industrial preparation of ethanol from ethene arecorrect?(1) The reaction is carried out at a high temperature.(2) The ethanol obtained is usually used to make alcoholic beverages.(3) The ethene comes from the cracking of petroleum fractions.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

24 Which of the following occur during the fermentation of starch solution?(1) Oxygen is given off.(2) Heat is released.(3) Ethanol is produced.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

25 Which of the following processes are involved in the production of ethanol from petroleum?(1) Catalytic hydration(2) Fractional distillation(3) CrackingA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

29.7: Properties of alkanols(CDC guide: Reactions of alkanols with (a) acidified potassium dichromate toproduce alkanoic acids, (b) alkanoic acids to produce esters)

1 Which of the following hazard warning labels should be displayed on a bottle of ethanol?

2 Which of the following statements about ethanol is INCORRECT?A It has a pH value higher than 7.B It can be obtained by fermentation of glucose solution.C It can be oxidized by acidified potassium permanganate solution.D It reacts with ethanoic acid to form a sweet-smelling compound.

3 Which of the following statements about ethanol is INCORRECT?A It burns with excess oxygen to give carbon dioxide and water.B It conducts electricity when dissolved in water.C Its boiling point is 78℃.D It is more soluble in water than butan-1-ol.

4 Which of the following statements concerning methanol and ethanol is correct?A Both compounds have the same molecular formula.B Both compounds can be found in alcoholic drinks.C Ethanol can be used as a fuel, but methanol cannot because it is poisonous.D Ethanol has a higher boiling point than methanol.

5 Which of the following compounds is soluble in water?A Ethane

B Propan-1-olC Ethyl ethanoateD Silver chloride

6 10.0 g of ethanol react with acidified potassium dichromate solution. What is the maximummass of ethanoic acid obtained?(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0; C = 12.0; O = 16.0)A 6.5 g.B 10.0 g.C 13.0 g.D 15.0 g.

7 Ethanol reacts with solution A to give compound B. When B is added to sodium hydroxidesolution, compound C and water are formed. Which of the following combinations is correct?

Solution A Compound B Compound CA Acidified potassium dichromate Ethanoic acid EtheneB Acidified potassium permanganate Ethanoic acid Sodium ethanoateC Acidified potassium dichromate Ethyl ethanoate Ethanoic acidD Concentrated sulphuric acid Ethanoic acid Sodium ethanoate

8 A glass of wine becomes sour after being left on a table for a few days. Which of the followingtypes of reaction is responsible for the change?A HydrationB OxidationC FermentationD Esterification

9 The set-up shown below is used to prepare ethanoic acid.

Which of the following combinations is correct?X Y

A Potassium sulphite solution Concentrated sulphuric acidB Potassium dichromate solution Concentrated sodium sulphate solutionC Potassium dichromate solution Concentrated sulphuric acidD Potassium permanganate solution Concentrated hydrochloric acid

10 Which of the following about ethanoic acid is INCORRECT?A Its aqueous solution can conduct electricity.B It can decolourize acidified potassium dichromate solution.C It can react with ethanol to form an ester.D It is a weak acid.

11 Which of the following molecular formulae represents an alkanoic acid?A CH2OB C2H2O2

C C2H4O2

D C2H6O

12 Which of the following substances CANNOT turn acidified potassium dichromate solutionfrom orange to green?A Sulphur dioxideB EtheneC EthanolD Sulphurous acid

13 Which of the following methods CANNOT be used to distinguish between ethanol andethanoic acid?A Measuring their pH valuesB Heating them with acidified potassium dichromate solutionC Measuring their electrical conductivitiesD Treating them with dilute hydrochloric acid

14 Which of the following substances does NOT react with propan-1-ol?A Acidified potassium dichromate solutionB Ethanoic acidC WaterD Oxygen

15 A compound X has the following properties. It is a liquid at 25℃. It mixes completely with water. It reacts with sodium hydroxide solution.What could X be?A Ethanoic acidB EthanolC EtheneD Ethyl ethanoate

16 Which of the following equations represents esterification?

17 Which of the following conversions is a reduction?A CO2 → H2CO3

B CH3CO2H → CH3CH2OHC CaO → Ca(OH)2

D Fe → Fe2O3

18 Methanoic acid and propan-1-ol react in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid to give acompound X. What is the condensed structural formula of compound X?A CH3CH2COOCH3

B HCOOCH2CH2CH3

C CH3COOCH2CH2CH3

D CH3COOCH2CH3

19 2.0 g of ethanol react with sufficient ethanoic acid. What is the maximum mass of ethylethanoate that can be obtained?(Relative atomic masses: H = 1.0 ; C = 12.0 ; O = 16.0)A 1.8 g.B 2.0 g.C 2.9 g.D 3.8 g.

20 The flow diagram below shows some reactions starting from ethanol:

Which of the following combinations is correct?Reagent 1 Substance Y

A Acidified potassium dichromate solution EthaneB Acidified potassium dichromate solution Sodium ethanoateC Concentrated sulphuric acid EthaneD Concentrated sulphuric acid Sodium ethanoate

21 Which of the following pairs of compounds can be distinguished by treating with water?A Ethanol and ethyl ethanoateB Sodium carbonate and sodium hydrogencarbonateC Calcium sulphate and silver chlorideD Zinc and lead

22

Which of the following combinations is correct?X Y

A CH3CHClCOOH CH3CH2OHB CH3CH2COOH CH2ClCH2CH2OHC CH2ClCH2COOH CH3CH2OHD CH3CH2COOH CH3CHClCH2OH

23

Which of the following pairs of compounds react to give the above ester?A Ethanoic acid and propan-1-olB Ethanoic acid and propan-2-olC Propanoic acid and ethanolD Methanoic acid and propan-2-ol

24 Which of the following compounds CANNOT be produced directly from ethanol?A Carbon dioxideB EthaneC Ethanoic acidD Ethyl ethanoate

25 An ester is formed by the reaction between C2H5COOH and C4H9OH. The ester isA propyl butanoate.B propyl propanoate.C butyl propanoate.D butyl ethanoate.

26 In an experiment, methanoic acid is refluxed with ethanol in the presence of concentratedsulphuric acid. Which of the following statements concerning the experiment is

INCORRECT?A The organic product is insoluble in water.B Concentrated sulphuric acid acts as the catalyst in the reaction.C The reaction is irreversible.

D A condenser should be used in the experimental set-up.

Directions: Questions 27−29 refer to the experimental set-up shown below:

27 The function of the condenser is to A prevent the reactants from catching fire.B prevent the loss of the reactants and the products.C purify the products.D separate the products from the reactants.

28 Which of the following statements about the reaction is INCORRECT?A The reaction is reversible.B The anti-bumping granules are added to ensure smooth boiling.C The organic product obtained is an electrolyte.D Sulphuric acid is not used up in the reaction.

29 The reaction involved isA an oxidation.B an esterification.C a hydrolysis.D an emulsification.

30 Which of the following is a condensation reaction?A Esterification

B HydrationC OxidationD Substitution

Directions: Questions 31 −33 refer to the following reaction scheme:

31 What are the IUPAC names of compounds A and B?Compound A Compound B

A 1,2-dichloroethane Ethyl ethanoateB 1,1-dichloroethane Ethyl methanoateC 1,2-dichloroethene Ethyl ethanoateD 1,2-dichloroethane Methyl propanoate

32 What are the chemicals required for Reactions 2 and 3 separatelyChemical for Reaction 2 Chemical for Reaction 3

A Acidified K2Cr2O7 solution Acidified KMnO4 solutionB Acidified KMnO4 solution Concentrated H2SO4

C Concentrated H2SO4 Acidified K2Cr2O7 solutionD Concentrated H2SO4 Concentrated H2SO4

33 What are the conditions required for Reaction 1?(1) Room temperature(2) High pressure(3) Presence of catalystA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

Directions: Questions 34 − 37 refer to the following reaction scheme:

34 Which of the following combinations is correct?Reaction 1 Reaction 2

A Hydration ReductionB Hydration OxidationC Fermentation HydrolysisD Hydrolysis Esterification

35 What are W and Y?W Y

A Ethene Ethanoic acidB Propene Propanoic acidC Ethene Propanoic acidD Propene Ethanoic acid

36 Which of the following experimental set-ups is suitable for Reaction 2?

37 Which of the following chemicals are involved in Reaction 3?(1) Concentrated sulphuric acid(2) Potassium dichromate solution(3) Alkanol


38 Which of the following statements about ethanol are correct?(1) It burns with a blue flame with sufficient supply of air.(2) It can be obtained by the reaction of steam with ethene.(3) It turns a moist blue litmus paper red.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

39 Which of the following substances can react with ammonia solution?(1) FeSO4(aq)(2) CH3CH2COOH(aq)(3) CH3CH2OH(aq)A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

40 Which of the following substances can react with acidified potassium permanganate solution?(1) Ethene(2) Ethanol(3) Iron(II) sulphate solutionA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

Directions: Questions 41 and 42 refer to the preparation of propanoic acid using the set-upshown.

41 In this experiment, the reaction mixture is undergoingA fermentation.B hydrolysis.C reflux.D fractional distillation.

42 Which of the following statement concerning this experiment are correct?(1) The acidified potassium dichromate solution acts as a catalyst.(2) The reaction mixture gradually becomes green.(3) The propanoic acid can be obtained from the reaction mixture by distillation.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

43 Butan-1-ol is refluxed with acidified potassium dichromate solution for some time. Which ofthe following statements about the reaction is / are correct?(1) Acidified potassium dichromate solution acts as an oxidizing agent.(2) The product formed has a sweet smell.(3) The reaction involved is dehydration.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

44 If ethanol is refluxed with acidified potassium permanganate solution for an hour, which of thefollowing descriptions is / are correct?(1) The reactants undergo esterification.(2) The oxidation number of manganese changes from +7 to +2.(3) The purple colour of the reaction mixture fades.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

45 Which of the following can react with propan-1-ol?(1) Acidified potassium dichromate solution(2) Ethanoic acid(3) Ethene A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

46

Which of the following chemicals can react with the above compound?(1) Acidified potassium permanganate solution(2) Sodium(3) EthanolA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

47 Consider the following molecular model of a compound.

Key: ● represents a carbon atom ○ represents a hydrogen atom ● represents an oxygen atom

Which of the following statements about the compound is / are correct?(1) It is odourless.

(2) It is insoluble in water.(3) It is a non-conductor of electricity.A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

48 Which of the following compounds may have a molecular formula of C3H6O2?(1) An alkanoic acid(2) An alkane(3) An esterA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

49 Ethanoic acid and ethyl ethanoate can be distinguished by(1) their smells.(2) a moist blue litmus paper.(3) testing their electrical conductivities.A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

Directions: Questions 50 and 51 refer to the experimental set-up shown below:

50 In the experiment, the concentrated sulphuric acid is used(1) to oxidize the ethanol.(2) to speed up the reaction.(3) to remove the water produced.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

51 After refluxing for an hour, the reaction mixture is poured into a beaker of sodium carbonatesolution. Which of the following would be observed?(1) Gas bubbles are given off.(2) Two immiscible layers are formed.(3) A pleasant smell is detected.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

52 Suppose you are provided with ethanol, potassium dichromate solution and concentratedsulphuric acid. Which of the following compounds can be prepared from these chemicals?(1) Ethane(2) Ethyl ethanoate(3) Ethanoic acidA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

53 Which of the following processes require catalysts?(1) Fermentation of glucose to give ethanol(2) Oxidation of ethanol to ethanoic acid(3) Preparation of ethyl ethanoate from ethanoic acid and ethanolA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

29.8: Esters29.9: Uses of esters(CDC guide: Uses of esters as fragrances, flavourings and solvents)

1 Which of the following hazard warning labels should be displayed on a bottle of ethylethanoate?

2 Which of the following types of organic compounds is usually used to make flavouring in

food?A AlkanesB AlkanolsC Alkanoic acidsD Esters

3 Which of the following consumer products is least likely to contain esters?A FlavouringsB PerfumesC SolventsD Toothpastes

Directions: Questions 4 and 5 refer to the flow diagram below.The flow diagram represents the hydrolysis of an ester A, followed by the separation of the products:

4 Which of the following combinations is correct?Compound X Compound Y

A Sodium ethanoate EthanolB Sodium ethanoate Propan-1-olC Sodium propanoate Ethanol

D Sodium propanoate Propan-1-ol

5 Which of the following set-up is suitable for Process 2?

Directions: Questions 6 and 7 refer to the following experiment.A mixture of ethyl propanoate and sodium hydroxide solution was allowed to react by heatingunder reflux for some time. The resulting mixture M was then transferred to the round-bottomedflask and heated in the set-up shown below:

6 What is the function of the piece of apparatus labelled X?A To condense the products in M.B To separate the products in M.C To prevent the loss of products in M.D To prevent the loss of reactants in M.

7 The liquid collected in the conical flask is mainlyA ethanol.B propanol.C ethanoic acid.D propanoic acid.

8 An ester has the following structure:

On hydrolysis, the ester would produce

A ethanoic acid and propan-1-ol.B ethanoic acid and propan-2-ol.C propanoic acid and propan-1-ol.D propanoic acid and propan-2-ol.

9 Consider the compounds represented by the two structures shown below:

Which of the following statements concerning these compounds is correct?A They belong to the same homologous series.B They have the same odour.C They have the same boiling point.D They have the same relative molecular mass.

Directions: Questions 10 and 11 refer to the experiment below.Aspirin can be converted to salicylic acid in two steps as shown below:

10 X used in step 2 can be

(1) HCl(aq).(2) NaCl(aq).(3) H2SO4(aq).A (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

11 In an experiment to convert aspirin to salicylic acid, 8.00 g of salicylic acid were obtained from13.5 g of aspirin. What is the percentage of aspirin that had been converted to salicylic acid?

(Relative molecular masses: aspirin = 180.0, salicylic acid = 138.0)A 59.3%B 76.7%C 77.3%D 82.7%

12 Ethyl ethanoate(1) has a sweet and pleasant smell.(2) is prepared by the reaction of ethanol with ethanoic acid.(3) can be used as a solvent.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

13 Which of the following are uses of esters?(1) As food flavourings(2) In cosmetics(3) As solventsA (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

14 Ethyl ethanoate is heated with excess dilute sodium hydroxide solution under reflux forseveral hours. Which of the following statements are correct?(1) Dilute sodium hydroxide solution acts as a catalyst.(2) Ethyl ethanoate is neutralized.(3) Sodium ethanoate is produced.A (1) and (2) onlyB (1) and (3) onlyC (2) and (3) onlyD (1), (2) and (3)

15 The flavour of pineapples is partly due to the compound Q.

When Q is heated under reflux with sodium hydroxide solution and the mixture distilled, whatcompound(s) will be found in the distillate?(1) CH3OH(2) CH3CH2CH2CO2Na(3) CH3CH2CH2OHA (1) onlyB (2) onlyC (1) and (3) onlyD (2) and (3) only

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formation of petroleum

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