chest case conference march 1, 2017
TRANSCRIPT
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Chest Case Conference March 1, 2017
Dr. Jayanth H. Keshavamurthy. M.B.B.S.
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Case 1
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CXR- 30 yr old male acute shortness of breath
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CT CHEST
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IMPRESSION:
• 1. Severe diffuse alveolitis and inflammatory nodules consistent with pulmonary parenchymal inhalational injury. No pneumothorax.
•2. Trachea and central bronchi are patent.
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FINDINGS
• Ground glass centri lobular nodules.• Apical predominance• So likely route of exposure via airway
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Silo-fillers disease
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Case 2 A
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33 year old female acute shortness of breath
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CT chest with contrast
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IMPRESSION:
•1. Diffuse bilateral groundglass opacities with peribronchial thickening concerning for interstitial edema which may be cardiogenic (correlate with BNP) versus atypical pneumonia versus acute noxious injury .2. Trace pericardial effusion.3. No CT evidence for pulmonary embolism or aortic dissection.
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Better
• 1. Is there Cardiogenic pulmonary edema.• 2. Is there PH?• 3. Is there centrilobular nodules?• 4. Is there pleural effusion, etc or other signs of
pulmonary edema?
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Case 2 B
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53 year old male -acute shortness of breath
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CT chest with contrast
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IMPRESSION:
1. Bilateral segmental and subsegmental pulmonary embolism with left lobar pulmonary embolism. There is straightening of the intraventricular septum, consistent with right heart strain. Mild cardiomegaly.2. Diffuse bilateral airspace opacities with bilateral crazy paving and subpleural sparing. Findings are highly concerning for bilateral multifocal pneumonia.3. Reactive hilar lymphadenopathy.
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How could you have done better ?
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Marijuana induced acute necrotizing bronchiolitis- unfortunately first patient succumbed to her illness.
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Ivan A. Morales, Caralee J. Forseen, Paul W. Biddinger, Jayanth H. Keshavamurthy, Norman B. Thomson, Thomas FortsonMedical College of Georgia at Augusta University
Augusta, GA
• Use of marijuana for recreational and medicinal purposes has been prevalent for thousands of years in many cultures
• Advent prior to 2700 BCE in China• Recent data shows trends of increased use
worldwide• Lifetime use in the U.S. reached a prevalence of
42.8%• Marijuana's safety is brought into question
• Here we describe a case necrotizing bronchiolitis after marijuana use
• With other etiologies ruled out, this case was an example of necrotizing bronchiolitis secondary to inhalation of noxious stimuli likely from the marijuana from a new dealer
• Marijuana has been shown to have a wide variety of beneficial uses, but the question remains, is it safe?
• Inhalation of the smoke produced by igniting marijuana is the most common route for use
• Combustion of marijuana emits hundreds of compounds, including the primary psychoactive ingredient THC and over 100 other cannabinoids
• Marijuana smoke also deposits tar and an array of noxious chemicals including NH3, HCN, NOx, aromatic amines, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at equal or higher concentrations than tobacco smoke
• Respiratory symptoms including chronic cough, bronchitis, and wheezing were reported at similar percentages for marijuana and tobacco smokers
• Analysis of respiratory mucosa biopsies in marijuana smokers show extensive airway inflammation comparable to tobacco smokers, which is likely responsible for the increased respiratory symptoms
1. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. World Drug Report 2014. United Nations publication, Sales No. E.14.XI.7.
2. Joshi M, et al. Marijuana and Lung Diseases. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2014; 20(2): 173-9. 3. Moir D, et al. A comparison of mainstream and sidestream marijuana and tobacco cigarette
smoke produced under two machine smoking conditions. Chem Res Toxicol. 2008; 21(2):494-502.4. Moore, BA et al. Respiratory Effects of Marijuana and Tobacco Use in a U.S. Sample. J Gen Intern
Med. 2005; 20(1): 33–37.5. Tetrault, JT, et al. Effects of Marijuana Smoking on Pulmonary Function and Respiratory
Complications: A Systematic Review . Arch Intern Med. 2007; 167(3): 221–228.
Marijuana: Is It Safe? A Case of Fatal Necrotizing Bronchiolitis
• 31-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain for 2 weeks
• Diagnosed with an upper respiratory infection at an urgent care clinic 4 days prior and prescribed a steroid taper and azithromycin with no improvement
• History of cigarette smoking 1 pack/day and smoking marijuana• In the ED she has a pulse of 110 bpm, a respiratory rate of 24 breaths/min, and a SaO2 of 77% on room air. • Lungs clear to auscultation• Laboratory findings showed ↑ WBC count, ↑ BNP of 223, and ↑ troponin of 0.24. • Portable CXR demonstrated nodular changes bilaterally (below)• Echocardiogram revealed no abnormalities• CTA revealed no evidence of pulmonary embolism but showed severe diffuse bilateral groundglass
opacification with diffuse centrilobular nodules (below)• Treatment for pneumonia was initiated• Lung biopsies revealed necrotizing bronchiolitis associated with diffuse interstitial and intralveolar pneumonia• The samples were negative for fungi, acid-fast bacilli, bacteria, HSV 1/2, and CMV• Inhalation of a toxic substance was suspected• Patient admitted to smoking marijuana from a new dealer 2 weeks ago when the symptoms began• Unfortunately, she succumbed to her illness due to diminished gas exchange from severe acute necrotizing
bronchiolitis.
Conclusion
Discussion
References
Introduction Clinical Presentation
AP Portable Chest X-Ray: Demonstrated nodular changes bilaterally with no consolidation
CT Angiogram:Revealed no evidence of pulmonary embolismShowed severe diffuse bilateral groundglass opacification with diffuse centrilobular nodules, bronchiolar thickening, and interspersed parenchymal blebs.
A. Diffuse effacement of lung architecture and bronchiole containing necrotic cell debri, macrophages, and lymphocytes
B. Bronchiole showing squamous metaplasia, necrotic cell debris; intralveolar inflammatory exudate
A. B.
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Case 3
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39 year old female acute shortness of breath
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IMPRESSION
1. Centrally distributed groundglass opacity involving all lobespossibly representing pulmonary edema, but multilobar infection is a concern given leukocytosis. Specifically, there are no cavitary lesions to suggest septic emboli.2. Mild centrilobular emphysema with 6 mm right lower lobe pulmonary nodule.3. Likely reactive prominent mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes.4. Multivessel coronary artery calcifications advanced for thepatient's age.
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How could you have done better ?
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Non cardiogenic pulmonary edema likely from acute methadone lung injury.
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Case 4
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39 year old female acute shortness of breath
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Echo• Compared to prior echo done
The left ventricle is mildly dilated with normal wall thickness.There are multiple wall motion abnormalities; the anteroapical area appearsmore hypokinetic than on previous echo 11/2014.
• Left ventricular systolic function is moderately to severelyreduced;ejection fraction is 31% by the biplane method of disks.The left ventricular filling pattern is pseudonormal.
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Cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
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Case 5
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2 days later
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• Neurogenic pulmonary edema.• Alveolar edema more than interstitial edema.
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Case 6
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CLINICAL STATEMENT: "desatting and rales post op,concern for pulm edema"
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Negative pressure edema
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Case 7
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57 year old with APML and recently started treatment
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Old name retinoic acid syndrome, now differentiation syndrome
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http://posterng.netkey.at/esr/viewing/index.php?module=viewing_poster&task=viewsection&pi=117520&ti=379439&si=1166&searchkey=#poster
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Case 8
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27 year old
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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis
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Case 9
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Day1
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Day 3
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After treatment
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Alveolar hemorrhage from pulmonary renal hemorrhagic syndrome
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Case 10
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CT lung screening MIP
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RB -ILD
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Case 11
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58 year old smoker and restrictive lung disease
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Case 12
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31 year old male smoker
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http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/full/10.1148/rg.285075223
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Case 13
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TS with LAM
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http://thoracicrad.org/assets/index/2015/Case_of_the_Month/cardio/10-2015/index.htm
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Case 14
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41 year old with fever and cough
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Did you identify all the support devices correctly?
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Severe pneumonia needing a VV ECMO catheter placement
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2 years later
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