chest x-ray and coronary computed tomography angiogram

8/2/2019 Chest X-ray and Coronary Computed Tomography Angiogram

1/17

CHEST X-RAY AND

ANGIOGRAM

RLE II-9.5

Talledo, Princess Reida

Tampos, Gabriel Jacob

Tan, Alyssa Marie

Tan, Hazel Vera

Tanquieng Ella MaeTayamen, Anne Corinne

Tenefrancia, Maria Desiree

Tengco, Arianna Jenica


2/17

X-ray

Created by Wilhelm Rontgen in 1985

Scientific measurement of radiation dose(or effective dose) is millisievert (mSv)

0.02 (CXR) - 10 mSv (abdomen CT)


3/17

X-ray machine

has an X-ray tube with electrodes/conductors(cathode & anode)

Cathode- filament that releases energy with

introduction of electrical current (electrons)Anode- disk of tungsten that attracts electrons.

Cathode + Anode = release of photons channeled

through a LED cylinder with a series of filters thatcreate an X-ray beam (high energy beam that canonly be absorbed by dense body tissues)


4/17

How to make x-rays

Created in an x-ray tube

Electrons are heated by the heated filament and

SHOT towards a metal (usually tungsten)

As the electrons approach the metal, they slowdown energy is lost from the electrons

Via law of conservation of energy, the energy that

was in the electron before is emitted as x-rays This is called Bremsstrahlung radiation

(German: braking radiation)


5/17


6/17

How to make an image

X-rays pass through the body, theyinteract with the electrons in it

They may either be absorbed or scattered

If they are ABSORBED: they bump theelectron, push them out of the atom, andreplace the spot of the electron

This is called the photoelectric


7/17


8/17

If they are SCATTERED: the x-rays areredirected to another direction (note: x-

rays travel in STRAIGHT LINES)

They are redirected because of the electricfield of the nucleus

This is known as Compton Scattering

X-rays that pass through the body withoutbeing absorbed appear black/grey

X-rays that were absorbed by the bodyappear white


9/17


10/17


11/17

Nursing Responsibilities:

If a female client, assure that she is not pregnant. Assist the client in changing his clothes to a more

loose one, usually a patients gown.

Make sure that the client is not wearing any

jewelries. Assist the client in positioning for chest x-ray.

Make sure he is upright, clavicle touching thecassette of the x-ray, and hands in the hips.

Before the actual image taking, instruct the clientto hold his breath for 2 to 3 seconds after inspiringmaximally in the actual image taking.


12/17

ANGIOGRAM

PRINCIPLE INVOLVED:

It uses an x-ray machine to check for anyobstructions in the blood vessels.

It is done by injecting an iodine dye or any

contrast dye into the blood stream via anarterial access site like the femoral artery.


13/17

NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES

1. Ask for any history of hypersensitivity toiodine or other dyes

2. Maintain bed rest for 2-6 hours

3. Keep a pressure dressing, sandbag, or icepack in place over the arterial access site.

4. Check for any bleeding signs

5. Avoid flexing or hyper-extending the affectedextremity for 12-24 hours


14/17

SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS

Patients with kidney disease, diabetes, high blood

pressure or on anticoagulant drugs have to takespecial precautions and an angiogram should only be

done if there are good clinical reasons.


15/17

ANGIOGRAM IVP

Intravenous Pyelogram (IVP) is an x-rayexamination of the kidneys, ureters, and urinarybladder. An IVP study uses a contrast material to

enhance the x-ray images. The contrast material isinjected into the patient's arm and travels thoughthe body to the kidneys. Its progress through theurinary tract is then recorded by a series of quickly

taken x-rays. The exam enables the radiologist toreview the anatomy and the function of the kidneysand urinary tract.


16/17


17/17

chest x-ray and coronary computed tomography angiogram

Documents