Child Labour: A Denial of Human RightsCONTENTSCHAPTER SUBJECTChapter-1INTRODUCTIONChapter-2OBJECTIUE AND LOCATIONChapter-3METHODOLOGYChapter-4OBSERUATION AND FINDING CHILD LABOUR IN CULTIATION FIELD CHILD LABOUR IN HOUSE HOLD CHILDREN !ITH A BONDED LIFE CHILDREN SU""LY INTERIE! OF T!O CHILD LABOUR EFFECT OF CHILD LABOUR "REENTION OF CHILD LABOURChapter-#CONCLUSION $ REFERENCEChild Labour: A Denial of Human RightsINTRODUCTIONAsa!er"rough#eather destro"thebudsof s$ringsodoes too earl" an e%$erien&e of life's hard toil blight the "oung$romiseof a&hild'sfa&ulties( andrender an"trueedu&ationim$ossible( ) these#ords of $o$e Leo *II indi&ate the issue of&hildren being for&es to #or+,Des$ite $lanning( #elfare $rogrammes( legislation andadministrati!e a&tion in the $ast fe# de&ades( a large ma-orit" of&hildren of the age grou$ of ./01 "ears &ontinue to remain indistressandturmoil, Childlabourer aree%$loited( e%$osedtoha2ards #or+ &onditions and $aid a $ittan&e far their long hoursof #or+, The" are for&ed to lea!e s&hooling( shoulderingres$onsibilities for be"ondtheir "ears, On3une040555thenumber/statesof ILOunanimousl"!otedtoado$t &on!ention067onthe#orldfromof &hildlabour, It#asre&ognisedthatending the &ommer&iale%$loitation of &hildren must be one ofthe man+ind's to$ $riorities,De%&'t'(&)There is no uni!ersall" a&&e$ted de8nition of ChildLabour, 9ar"ing de8nition of the term is used b" InternationalOrganisations( non/:o!ernmental organisations(trade unions and other interest grou$s, The a!oid &onfusion( it isChild Labour: A Denial of Human Rightsto e%$lain/ 'Child Labour' is #or+ for &hildren under age 06 thatin some #a" harms or e%$loits them$h"si&all"( mentall"(morall" or b" blo&+ing &hildren from edu&ation,ILO*+ S,r-e.)Reliable data on Child #or+ers is !irtuall" non/e%istent, In7;;;( the ILO estimates( 71< million &hild #or+ers aged . and 04#ere in!ol!edin#or+ thatb" its natureis ha2ardoustotheirsafet"( $h"si&al or mental health( and moral de!elo$ment,=oreo!er( some 6,1 million Children #ere engaged in so/&alledun&onditional #orstformof &hildlabour( #hi&hin&ludefor&edand bonded labour( the use of &hildren in armed &on>i&t(tra?&+ing in &hildren and &ommer&ial se%ual e%$loitation, =an"formsof &hildlabour arehiddenfromthestatisti&ian'se"es($arti&ularl"if girls doingdomestior+at the&ost of theiredu&ation are &onsidered@ it #ould $ush the total still higher,Child Labour in Puri :Child Labour in India:1961 Census-21.13. %1961 Census -12.69%1971 Census - 17.33%1971 Census -7.13%1981 census - 15.25%1981 Census - 13.6 Million1991 Census - 19.43%1991 Census - 11.28 million2001 Census - 14.73%2001 Census - 12.5 millionA uni!ersal di?&ult" in obtaining a&&urate data ma" be thatindi!idual fail to re$ort Child Labour $arti&i$ating during sur!e"(forfearoflegal a&tion, =oreo!er( all theabo!eestimatesfallshort of thea&tual 8guresof de8nition( diAerent methodsof&om$utation( di!erse sour&es of data( la&+ of information on the!ast unorgani2ed se&tor of the e&onom",Child Labour: A Denial of Human Rightsr:Area (/ D'+tr'0,t'(&The 7;;0 &ensus of India di!ided Child labour into nine di!isions: Culti!ation Agri&ultural Labour Li!esto&+( Borestr"( Bishing( Clantations =ining and Duarr"ing =anufa&turing Cro&essing( Ser!i&ing and Re$airs, Constru&tion Trade and Commer&e, Trans$ort( storage and Communi&ation, Other ser!i&es,Child labor ranges from four/"ear/olds tied to rug looms to+ee$themfromrunninga#a"( tose!enteen/"ear/oldshel$ingoutonthefamil"farm, Insome&ases( a&hild's#or+&anbehel$ful to him or her and to the famil"@ #or+ing and earning &anbe a $ositi!e e%$erien&e in a &hild's gro#ing u$, Thisde$endslargel" on the age of the &hild( the &onditions in #hi&h the &hild#or+s( and #hether #or+ $re!ents the &hild from going to s&hoolChild Labour: A Denial of Human RightsOE3ECTI9ESr:A&&ording to the UNICEB re$ort on the Roots of &hildlabour$ublishedin0554&hildlabourisinin&reasingratein$oor&ountries$o!ert"isthemainreasonbehind&hildlabours"stem, The &ombination of $o!ert" and the la&+ of so&ialse&urit"net#or+arealsores$onsibleforbonded&hildlabour,Bor the $oor( there are fe# &redit sour&es and e!en if there aresour&es li+e &o/o$erati!e loan ban+ loan et& a!ailable an" $oorfamilies manage to satisf" the essential &riteria related to a&&essthose, Here enters the lo&al mone" lenders #ith e%orbitant highinterest rates, =ost of the times it is not $ossible for the $oor toreturn ba&+ those loans and the $arents e%&hange their &hild'slabour tolo&al mone"lenders, Sin&etheearningsof bonded&hild labours are less than the interest on the loan( these bonded&hildren are for&ed to #or+, Again( lo#er &aste &hildren lend tobe $ushedin to&hild labourbe&ause of theirfamil"'s $o!ert"furthermoretheattitudeof $arents also&ontributethe&hildlabour, Some $arents feel that &hildren should #or+ in order tode!elo$ s+ills useful in the -ob mar+et instead of ta+ingad!antage of formal edu&ation, The (01e2t'-e (/ the pre+e&t +t,3. '+ t( %&3 (,t - Fhat &enses the massi!e gro#th of &hild labour des$ite Constitutional $rote&tions $ro!ided for it,Child Labour: A Denial of Human Rights Fhat are the eAorts of the :o!ernments in this regard and Ho# the -udi&iar" has attem$ted to 8ght against &hild labour To suggest the ste$s to be ta+en for lo&ation,LOCATIONThe stud" has been &ondu&ted in the C,T Road( Sri+hetraColon" under Curi =uni&i$al Cor$oration, This is #ard No, 7. ofthe =uni&i$al &or$oration ha!ing a $o$ulation of 0.(;;; and a!er" high number of >oating $o$ulation, There are 7; big Hotelsmore than 76 medium si2ed Restaurants and a large number ofteastall( Ti?n!endorsandfoot $athsho$s Eus Standareaen&om$asses a good number of diAerent +inds of sho$s in mostof thesho$s( hotels( teasho$s( Hotel &leaningagen&ies( the&hildren in the age bra+et of 4 to 04 are #or+ing, =ETHODOLO:GA note boo+ is used to re&ord data on the >o#ing matters&olle&ted through the &ir&ulation of a Huestions among 0;; &hildlabourers #or+ing in diAerent sho$s( hotels et&,0, Name of the &hild : I, Nara"an Redd"7, Bather's Name Jo&&u$ation I, Irishna Chandra redd" Jlabour,K, Age of the &hild labour : 4 Gears,1, Name of the #or+ $la&e, CT Road ( Curi., Ho# long is he in this $la&e of #or+L 7 "earsChild Labour: A Denial of Human Rightsoor( #ashed&lothes( ironed( &leanedthe#alls( and #ashed the &ar, I &leaned t#o houses( be&ause I also&leanedthegrandmother'shouse, I #or+edfrom1a,m, to4$,m, I had no rest during the da", I #or+ed e!er" da" and #asnot allo#ed to go out( not e!en to #al+ on the street, The lad"em$lo"er "elled at me e!er" da", She sla$$ed me one or t#otimes a#ee+, I #antedto runa#a"( but I #as afraidtheem$lo"erandse&urit"#ould&at&hme, I hadtobu"m"o#nti&+et home, SFhenI returnedtoOrissa(T I &alledthelaborre&ruitment &om$an" in Ahmadabad to &om$lain about m"salar"( but the" didn't #ant to ta+e m" &all,This #as the $ainful statement of Ratna( a girl #ho #or+s ina household in :u-urat, During the sur!e" I &ame to +no# that@ t#o "ears ago atthe age of se!en( Eabuli started #ea!ing &ar$ets in Curi, He #asgi!en some food( little free time( and no medi&al assistan&e, He#astoldre$eatedl"that he&ouldnot sto$#or+inguntil heearnedenoughmone"to$a"anallegedfamil"debt, He#asne!er told #ho in his famil" had borro#ed mone" or ho# mu&hhe had borro#ed, An" time he made an error #ith his #or+( he#as 8ned and the debt in&reased, On&e #hen his #or+ #as &onsidered to be too slo#( he #asbeaten #ith a sti&+, On&e after a $arti&ularl" $ainful beating( hetried to run a#a"(onl" to be a$$rehended b" the lo&al$oli&e#ho for&ibl" returned him to the &ar$et looms,Child Labour: A Denial of Human RightsEBBECT OB CHILD LAEOURTheChildren'sRightsDi!isionatHumanRightsFat&hofChild Labor Con!ention, Children( #ho #or+ long hours( often indangerous and unhealth" &onditions( are e%$osed to lasting$h"si&al and $s"&hologi&al harm,For+ing at rug looms( for e%am$le( has left &hildrendisabled #ith e"e damage( lung disease( stunted gro#th( and asus&e$tibilit" to arthritis as the" gro# older,Childrenma+ingsil+threadinIndiadi$their handsintoboiling#aterthatburnsandblistersthem( breathsmo+eandfumes from ma&hiner"( handle dead #orms that &auseinfe&tions( and guide t#isting threads that &ut their 8ngers, Children har!esting sugar &ane in EI Sal!ador use ma&hetesto &ut &ane for u$ to nine hours a da" in the hot sun@ in-uries totheir hands and legs are &ommon and medi&al &are is often nota!ailable, These are some e%am$les of suAerings of the &hild labors(buttheirreal suAeringsareun&ountable, Still the"&an'traisean" !oi&e,Child Labour: A Denial of Human RightsCRE9ENTION OB CHILD LAEOUROnthead!o&a&"front( #eha!emet #ith&hildren'sandhuman rights grou$s( as #ell as re$resentati!es from the UnitedNations Children's Bund MUNICEBR( the International LaborOrgani2ation MILOR( the Forld Ean+( and other organi2ations,The"aretr"ingtode!elo$aholisti&strateg"to$re!ent&hildren from losing their &hildhood( edu&ation( ando$$ortunities b" being entra$$ed in bonded labor, Fe ha!e also #or+ed to $ro!ide to &hildren's organi2ationsand international ad!o&a&" grou$s ob-e&ti!e on/the/s$otre$orting to su$$ort eAorts to eAe&t &hange,Brom the sur!e" Iha!e estimated that abo!e .; &hildrenbet#een the ages of 8!e and fourteen #or+ in the area(Ia+at$ur, At least 7K on a full time basis ha!e fo&used its eAortson the #orst forms of &hild labor@ though it is $rohibited b" theILO, =ost #or+ing &hildren in this area are found in agri&ulture@man" &hildren #or+ as domesti&s@ other #or+ in trade and farms(#ith fe#er in manufa&turing and &onstru&tion,Child Labour: A Denial of Human RightsSTASTICAL RE"ORT ON CHILD LABOURIN CURlGEAR NO, OBCHILDRENNO, OB CHILDLAEOUR055; .;7