chile country presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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Chilean National Tsunami
Warning Center
Lieutenant Nicols A. Guzmn
Hydrographic Engineer
Head of Operative division
Hawai, 2011
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Agenda Tectonic framework
The National Tsunami Warning Center
Where is Chilean NTWC going Standard Operational Procedures (SOP)
Tsunami forecast
Tsunami flood charts
Equipment
Conclusions
Questions and discussion
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Tectonic framework
The geological, geographic and
morfologic heterogeneity of the
chilean coast, makes difficult to use
a standard procedure for the
tsunami mitigation.
Tsunamigenic Zoning:
North of Puerto Montt
South of Puerto Montt
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North of Puerto Montt
Survey of the structure of theSubduction Zone
Seismicity
Hystorical Tsunamigenic
earthquakes
Earthquakes of inverse vsnormal focal mechanism
Instrumentally recorded
earthquakes with Mw 6
Subducting Slab
Geometry
Age
Seismic asperities
Seismic Barriers
Termal structure
Tassara, 2006
Moreno, 2010
Chilean Geology
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Seismogenic ZoneTsunamigenic Zone
Inminent zone of occurrence of
Tsunami
Probable zone of occurrence ofTsunami
Chilean Geology
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Legal Framework:
NTWS (SNAM) is in operation since 1966, and its organization, direction
and control, was assigned to SHOA as the Chilean National Representative
to the Pacific Tsunami Warning SystemPTWS (D.S. N 26, 11-Jan-1966)
NTWS: LEGAL FRAMEWORK
Mission:
To inform to the local authorities about the possible tsunami generation and his
arrival times to the Chilean coast.
To inform to the PTWS about tsunami generation in Chilean coast.Exchange tsunami information with Peru, Ecuador and Colombia..
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SNAM is physically in dependences of theDepartment of Oceanography and is covered 24hours by personal specialist (Officials, Professionalsand Technical personnel)
NTWS ORGANIZATION
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Sea Level Network (Tide Gauges)
Seismological Network (National andInternational)
DART System.
TREMORS System. Comunications.
NTWS ORGANIZATION
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SNAM
Improvementsperformed during 2010
Two sensors for tides gauges (radar and pressure)
Increase of transmission frequency (from 1 hour to 5 minutes).
Alternative channels of transmission (satellital and network fixes).
New tides gauges station.
Satellital equipments for communication ssupport.
Second power supply for support the energy in the operations room.
Equipment of video confers.
New communications Systems: Recording video, telephones,
Datamar2 (portable and fixed) and others.
New information Room.Upgrade and increase of stations
for the sea level networkSNAM Operations Room
Hydrographic surveys of the
tsunami affected areas.
Update of the tsunami
inundations maps for the north
of Chile.
New cartography in GIS
environment.
Update of the DART system.
Adquisition a new one.
Increase of the capacity of visit of
SNAM web site
Update of the Inundations Maps
Increase of load capacity .
Remote Hosting of the web page.
IMPROVEMENTS TO NTWS
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Chilean
Tsunami
Japan
Tsunami
Strong
Communications
Procedures
review
New Tide Station
High Frequency
Chilean Tsunami
Council
Strategic Alliances
Capacity building
DART Bouydeployment
DSS project
Release of New
Inundation Maps
Budget definition
2010 2011
NTWC ongoing
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Proyection 2011-2015.
Proyection TSUNAMICART plan
More sea level stations, including Antrtica.
(2011)
Second Tsunami buoy (2011)
New stations.
Increase of the trasmition frecuency.
Alternative trasmition chanels
(satelital and vhf).
Begining tsunami forecast project.
Increase of the web services
capacities.
Hydrographic data colection for tsunami flood charts and
nautical charts.
New multibeam on board of PSH
Cabrales.
Purchase of more single beams for
hydrigraphic field tasks.
Actualization of the tsunami flood
charts.
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Tide Station (VAISALA MAWS 110)
Two channel communication, two sensorsDensification of tide gages in Tsunamigenic
zones
Detection, warning and disemination
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Sysmologhy Component
Modelation
PaleoTsunami
Geography
NTWC
Continious Improvement
Enhanced operation
Spread the Knowledge
Better
Solution
Chilean Tsunami Council
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Standard Operational Procedures
(SOP)A proposal for Chilean NTWC
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Chile NTWC legal frame
NSC (SSN)
Detection of tsunamigenic earthquakes.
NTWC (SHOA)
Issues tsunami warning.
NDMO (ONEMI)
Disseminates tsunami warning to the residents.Instructs the evacuation.
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NTWC Templates
Information statement
National Warning level 1 or yellow Warning / Tsunami threat
( non destructive)
National Warning level 2 or red Warning/ Tsunami threat
(destructive)
Cancellation
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Information statement
No threat
Standard text, only earthquake parameters.
One message only.
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National Warning level 1 or
yellow warning Potential threat
Wave amplitude >0.5 and < than 3 meters, evacuation only in
the places near and on the coast line (beaches, rocks, etc).
Standby for evacuation to the safe zone( 30 mts).
Several messages
Must be followed up until cancellation
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National Warning level 2 or
red warning Certain Threat
Safe evacuation zone (30 mts above the mean sea level)
Several messages
Must be followed up until cancellation
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Cancellation
No Threat
Minimumafter twice the tsunami travel time.
Be sure that all possible information sources are taken intoaccount and that enough time passed to give the all clear
message.
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NTWC Flowchart
National seismic sources (SSN/UCHILE)
Detection of tsunamigenic earthquakes.
Processing information about earthquake location and itsmagnitude.
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NTWC Flowchart
NTWC (SHOA)
Calculation of TTT to the AoR
Analize and decide wether to give tsunami statment
Communicate NDMO
Sea level monitoring
Re-evaluation of issued warning
Cancellation
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NTWC Flowchart
NDMO (ONEMI)
Dissemination of tsunami statements.
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ETA ~0.5 hrs
ETA
~ 4hrs
ETA ~ 6
hrs
ETA ~
12 hrs
ETA ~ 16 hrs
ETA ~ 17 hrs
ETA ~22 hrs
ETA
~ 20
hrs
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Threshold table
Region Location Parameters Statement
1 Chile & Peru (Local sources). Mw 8.0 & Depth 100 kmor
PTWC Warning for Chile
National Warning Tsunami threat
level 2 or red warning
(Wave amplitude > 3 mts)
7.0 Mw 7.9 & Depth 100 km
or
PTWC Watch for Chile
National Warning Tsunami threat
level 1 or yellow warning
(Wave amplitude >0.5< 3 mts)
6.0 Mw 6.9 & Depth 100 km Information Statement
2 Ecuador & Colombia
Central America/Mexico
Cascadia
Mw 8.0 & Depth 100 km
or
PTWC Warning/Watch for Chile
National Warning Tsunami threat
yellow / red warning.
3 SW Pacific (Australia & NZ)
Japan
Kuriles Islands & KamchatkaAleutian Islands
PTWC Warning & Watch for Chile
National Warning Tsunami threat
yellow / red warning.
Provisional Mw, depth and wave hight.
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Forecast point
Epicenter
Tsunami height 3 m
Major tsunamiTsunami height < 3 m
Tsunami
Tsunami
ForecastingProject
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Equipment
DART system
Considering different alternatives: GPS buoys
DART
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DART (Deep ocean Assessment and reporting of Tsunamis) SYSTEM
Last deployement position DART Chile 12/16/2010:
Lat.: 1917 13.20S Long: 7443 51.60"O
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DART Buoy deployment by Chilean Navy
DART Buoys future status
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CITSU IQUIQUE
New product KMZ file
Tsunamiflood charts
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NTWC NEXT PROYECT
I. System automatization
II. Academic formation
III. Separate tasks, principal purpose
IV. Infraestructure
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Conclusions
I. Earthquakes and tsunamis are going to continue occuring,
tehers notihg we can do about it.
II. Theres still not exist a method to predict the ocurrence ofearthquakes.
III. The modernization of the warning systems requerire complex
and expensive studies.
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Conclusions
IV. The education of the people is the best mitigation system
against this kind of catastrophes.
V. The occurrence of two tsunamis in two years gave the initialhit to start making important changes.
VI. We have everything to develop a NTWC of excellence, with
our own experts and the collaboration from other countries.
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THANK YOU