dukenvironment Fa l l 2 0 0 2A n E nv i ro n m e n t f o r S o l u t i o n s

N I C H O L A S S C H O O L O F T H E E N V I R O N M E N T A N D E A R T H S C I E N C E S

Mapping Children’sEnvironmental Health

H O N O R R O L L I S S U E

AdministrationWilliam H. Schlesinger, DeanRichard B. Forward Jr., Chair,

Division of Coastal Systems Science & Policy Peter K. Haff, Chair, Division of Earth & Ocean SciencesCurtis J. Richardson, Chair, Division of Environmental Sciences & PolicyMichael K. Orbach, Director, Duke University Marine LaboratoryPeggy Dean Glenn, Associate Dean, External AffairsJames Haggard, Associate Dean, Finance and AdministrationLaura Turcotte, Administrative Assistant to the Dean

Office of External AffairsPeggy Dean Glenn, Associate DeanScottee Cantrell, Director of CommunicationsAnita Brown, Director of Major GiftsKrista Bofill, Director of Alumni Affairs and the Annual FundEric Miller, Director of Foundation and Corporate RelationsCarol Dahm, Assistant Director of Alumni Affairs and the Annual FundRita M. Baur, Office Manager and Director of Special Events

Board of VisitorsSimon B. Rich Jr., Louis Dreyfus Natural Gas, Wilton, CT (Chair)Marshall Field V, Old Mountain Company, Chicago, IL (Vice Chair)Lawrence B. Benenson, The Benenson Capital Company, New York, NYRichard H. Bierly, Morehead City, NCAnn Douglas Cornell, Wallace Genetic Foundation, Washington, DCTimothy J. Creem, Bridgton, MEMichael C. Farrar, Washington, DCF. Daniel Gabel Jr., Hagedorn & Company, New York, NYHarvey Goldman, Syska Hennessy Group Inc., New York, NYRep. Lyons Gray, 39th District, Winston-Salem, NCGilbert M. Grosvenor, National Geographic Society, Washington, DCJohn S. Hahn, Mayer, Brown, Rowe & Maw, Washington, DCRichard G. Heintzelman, Janney Montgomery Scott, Allentown, PAGeorge C. Hixon, Hixon Properties Inc., San Antonio, TXChristian Holmes IV, Houston, TXRichard E. Hug, Environmental Elements Corporation, Baltimore, MD

(Emeritus)Thomas C. Jorling, International Paper, Stamford, CTSally Kleberg, New York, NYJuanita Kreps, Duke University, Durham, NC (Emeritus)James B. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Washington, DCBettye Martin Musham, GEAR Inc., New York, NYJ.K. Nicholas, Northpoint Domain, Boston, MAPatrick Noonan, The Conservation Fund, Arlington, VAElizabeth B. Reid, Bedford Hills, NYJohn C. Reid, Curtis Reid Enterprises, Larchmont, NYDouglass F. Rohrman, Lord, Bissell & Brook, Chicago, IL Truman T. Semans, Brown Investment Advisory and Trust Company,

Baltimore, MD (Emeritus)Truman T. Semans Jr., McKinsey & Co., Charlotte, NCBartow S. Shaw Jr., Shaw, McLeod, Belser & Hurlbutt Inc., Sumter, SCThomas A. Shepherd, Shepherd Miller Inc., Fort Collins, CORonald J. Slinn, Slinn & Associates, Princeton, NJ (Emeritus)Wayne F. Wilbanks, Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas Asset Management,

Norfork, VAGeorge M. Woodwell, Woods Hole Research Center, Woods Hole, MAWilliam Wrigley Jr., The Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company, Chicago, IL

Marine Lab Advisory BoardWayne F. Wilbanks, Wilbanks, Smith & Thomas, Norfolk, VA (Chair)Elsa Ayers, Greensboro, NC (Vice Chair)James H.P. Bailey Jr., Cape Lookout Marine Inc., Atlantic Beach, NC Richard H. Bierly, Morehead City, NCCharles F. Blanchard, Blanchard, Jenkins & Miller PA, Raleigh, NC F. Nelson Blount Crisp, Blount & Crisp, Greenville, NC David S. Brody, Kinston, NCHugh Cullman, Philip Morris (ret.), Beaufort, NCSylvia Earle, Deep Ocean Exploration & Research, Oakland, CA Robert W. Estill, Raleigh, NCJohn T. Garbutt Jr., Durham, NCCecil Goodnight, Progress Energy Service Co., Raleigh, NCC. Howard Hardesty Jr., Andrews & Kurth, Washington, DC Robert G. Hardy, Cornerstone Ventures LP, Houston, TX Mary Price Taylor Harrison, Beaufort, NC Susan Hudson, Wainwright Farms, Wilson, NCSandra Taylor Kaupe, Palm Beach, FLWilliam A. Lane Jr., Dunspaugh-Dalton Foundation Inc., Coral Gables, FL Henry O. Lineberger Jr., Raleigh, NCJ. Thomas McMurray, Washington, DCStephen E. Roady, Washington, DC Elizabeth Thrower, Vero Beach, FL, and Nantucket, MAStephen A. Wainwright, Duke University, Durham, NC

Alumni CouncilJames B. Miller, USDA Forest Service, Washington, DC (President)William E.S. Cleveland, Shreveport, LAJohn B. “Brad” Dethero, Geo-Source Inc. Environmental Consultants,

Florence, ALD. Jefferson Dye, Jefferson Dye & Associates, LLC, New Orleans, LAPeter C. Griffith, Goddard Spaceflight Center, Greenbelt, MDLynne R. Hawkes, Cary, NCRobert Beerits Lyon Jr., The Link Oil Company, Tulsa, OKDaniel Markewitz, Daniel B. Warnell School of Forest Resources,

Athens, GAThomas Dwight Nager, U.S. Forest Capital, Chapel Hill, NCNancy Ragland Perkins, Office of Sen. Judd Gregg (NH), Washington, DCJames A. Spangler, Spangler Environmental Consultants Inc., Raleigh, NCLori A. Sutter, NOAA Coastal Services Center, Charleston, SCDaniel D. Richter, Professor of Soils and Forest Ecology (Faculty Exofficio)Craig Stow, Visiting Assistant Professor of Water Resources (Faculty

Exofficio)Michael Dechter, MEM ‘03, Resource Economics and Policy (Student

Exofficio)Alexis Kingham, MEM ‘04, Coastal Environmental Management (Student

Exofficio)

Editorial BoardSara Ashenburg, Director of Executive and Continuing EducationJudson (Judd) Edeburn, Resource Manager, Duke Forest Peter K. Haff, Chair, Division of Earth & Ocean SciencesPatrick N. Halpin, Assistant Professor of the Practice of Landscape EcologyLynne Hawkes MEM ‘88, Natural Resource Ecology, Alumni CouncilKaren Kirchof, Director of Career ServicesRandall A. Kramer, Professor of Resource and Environmental EconomicsMichael K. Orbach, Director of the Duke University Marine Laboratory,

and Professor of the Practice of Marine Affairs and PolicyCynthia Peters, Director of Enrollment ServicesDonna Picard, Staff Assistant, Office of the DeanClair Twigg, MEM ‘03, Water & Air ResourcesRachel Strader, MEM ‘04, Coastal Environmental Management

dukenvironment is a publication of the Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences at Duke University.

dukenvironment Contents

2 Mapping Environmental Health:Marie Lynn Miranda Uses Geospatial Technologies to Protect Our Children

11 Cruise to the Incipient Rift:Emily Klein ‘Mows’ the East Pacific to Reveal Secrets of Magma

18 Boat Bottoms, Barnacles and Modern Medicine:Dan Rittschof Hopes the ‘Drug Store’ Will Offer a Safe Substance to Keep Barnacles Off Boats

6 The Log: School News

14 Action: Student News

17 Forum: Opinion

21 Sightings: Alumni News

24 Scope: Faculty & Staff Notes

27 Nature & Nurture: Campaign & Annual Fund News

32 Honor Roll List

37 Monitor: Upcoming Events

Produced by the Office of Creative Services & Publications,Duke University Health System, MCOC 3068Copyright © Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences, 2002

Photography contributed by Jim Wallace and Jon Gardiner,Duke University Photography; Scott Taylor, Scott Taylor Photography;Julia Connors T’04; William K. Geiger,Washington, DC; Carrie Donnellyand Jenny McGuire; and Luke Dollar.

These days maps can beamazing tools. They aren’tjust those overly largepieces of paper that youfold out to plot yourvacation trip anymore.

With GIS (GeographicInformation Systems)technology, maps canbe combined with layers of data to revealinformation thatmight ultimately contribute to suchthings as predictingyour child’s risk ofexposure to envi-ronmental toxins.

If you live inDurham, forinstance, MarieLynn Mirandacan bring up amap of yourneighborhoodand tell youhow old yourhouse is, if you rent orown, and ifyour childrenhave hadbloodscreeningfor lead.

More importantly, the Nicholas Schoolprofessor and her research team in theChildren’s Environmental Health Initiativehave developed a methodology that cancombine all those factors and determineyour children’s exposure risk to lead.

And right now, she is working with 11

health departments covering 16 NorthCarolina counties to help them utilize this GIS technology so they can launchpreventive programs in your neighbor-hoods where children are at risk, not onlyfor lead, but for allergens and asthma, pesticides and industrial contaminants.

She’d like to see the GIS analysis usedin all 100 counties, and it’s not inconceiv-able that it could become a standard toolfor health departments nationwide.

“Now we wait for children to get sick,and then we go into their home environ-ments, into their schools, into their daycare centers, and we try to figure out whatmade them sick. That’s the equivalent ofusing them as little canaries in the coalmine, or little biosensors in their environ-ment, said Miranda, who is the Dan andBunny Gabel Associate Professor of thePractice in Environmental Ethics andSustainable Environmental Management.

“What I think we should be doinginstead is having preventive programswhere we figure out what are the locationsand the kind of places most likely to givekids the exposures that will make them sick,and let’s go in and clean them up before

the kids get sick. Let’s let children be children and canaries be canaries.”

Children are especially vulnerable toenvironmental toxins because they behavedifferently from adults, and they are grow-ing: They spend a lot more time crawlingaround on the floor. They don’t wash theirhands carefully. They put things in theirmouths. “So, they probably get exposed toa lot more stuff because of the way theynavigate through the world,” said Miranda.

What makes toxins a triple threat forthem is at the same time that they movedifferently through the world their metabolism is higher—so they take in more,faster than adults—and they are still devel-oping. “They breathe more air per volumeof body weight than you do; they take inmore calories; they take in more water; they do not have fully mature reproductivesystems; they do not have fully mature central and peripheral nervous systems; they do not have a fully mature immunesystem. Because of that, if they are exposedto the same chemicals as adults, they aremore likely to express toxic effects.”

Brian Letourneau, health director ofthe Durham County Health Department,said his lead team will launch a multi-pronged community lead prevention strat-egy this fall using Miranda’s GIS model.

“The beauty of it is that it is a way totarget individual homes rather than blanketa community; we can target our resourcesto specific addresses at high risk,” he said.

C O V E R S T O R Y

by Scottee Cantrell

Mapping Environmental Health:Marie Lynn Miranda Uses Geospatial Technologies to Protect Our Children

dukenvironment 2

Without the GIS maps, his lead teamhas had to do outreach into the neighbor-hoods without being able to pinpoint specific houses. “What GIS does for us isallow us to take our limited resources andget the most out of them. By focusing on30 percent of the housing stock, we canlikely find 70 percent of the children withelevated blood lead levels.”

“Marie Lynn Miranda’s work isextremely important and will pay dividendsfor years to come,” he said. “She’s at theforefront of using GIS technology to helphealth departments to get the word outabout lead. It’s my opinion that this is oneof the most exciting tools we have devel-oped in a long time that looks at popula-tion health and targets individual health.”

Mark G. Swedenburg, health directorof the Wayne County Health Department,whose department also is working withMiranda’s GIS technology, said that seeinga map offers a whole new dimension thatbrings better understanding, and he hopes,faster resolution of the root causes of theproblems they are addressing.

“We’re very excited to have the oppor-tunity to work with leaders in a way todynamically enhance our understanding of the epidemiology of diseases of publicinterest. GIS allows clinicians and healthcare researchers to better understand thelinks between where a disease or healthconcern exists and how we can effectivelyaddress its control and eradication.”

For those who know her, who havetripped over the toys in her office, and whohave seen her urge her T-ball players tomake a run for home base, it should comeas no surprise that the diminutive, butassertive, professor devotes all of her timeto protecting and nurturing children—herchildren, my children, your children, NorthCarolina’s children, everyone’s children.

At work, this “superwoman” is in non-stop motion exploring new ways to extendthe reach of her GIS methodology to covera growing number of toxins and to find thefunding to support each project. At thesame time, as director of undergraduate

programs for the Nicholas School, shenurtures undergraduates studying environ-mental sciences and policy at Duke. In thecommunity, Coach ML (as her team fondlycalls her) can be found with her childrencharging around the bases of a T-ball field,literally carrying a child to home platewhere she helps him adjust his bat.

Miranda didn’t start out her careerfocusing on children, even though wherev-er she was working she found out aboutsocial welfare and justice issues as theyaffected children. After graduating fromDuke and Harvard in economics, she spentthree or four months a year traveling inplaces that she loved—Malaysia, Indonesia,

Costa Rica and Honduras—to study howland-use decisions affected economicallyvulnerable groups.

Her “calling” became clear, however,when she faced the question all adults whowork and want to have children face: “Howcan you be the parent you want to be whilebeing the professional you aspire to be?”

She didn’t want to be away from herchildren for extended periods of time, andeven though she could take them with her,she didn’t feel comfortable separating herhusband, Chris, from them.

She ventured into children’s environ-mental health slowly, first teaching a

module on childhood lead poisoning inEnvironment 101 at the Nicholas School.

“Then it became clear that there wasresearch that was crying out to be done,and that it required someone who had aparticular set of modeling skills thatmatched up well with my own,” she said.

Lead was the starting point. She andher research team have since taken on asthma and allergens, and pesticides as well.

Even though lead has been eliminatedfrom paint and from gasoline, 50 millionU.S. homes still contain lead-based paint,said Miranda. And children, especiallythose in low-income families who don’thave the money for renovations and house

In the community, Coach ML (as her team fondly calls Marie Lynn Miranda) can be found charging around the bases of a T-ball field.

50 million U.S.homes still contain lead-based paint

GIS maps such as this one of Durham will help health departmentsdevelop preventative programs targeted on a house-by-house basis.

Jon

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upkeep, are susceptible to the sweet-tast-ing lead paint chips and lead-contaminat-ed dust.

Lead poisoning can lead to seriousdisease that doesn’t become apparent inchildren until long-term, irreversibleeffects already have set in. Childrenexposed to lead levels far below what wasonce considered safe may be asympto-matic, but they can eventually developlearning and behavioral disorders, hearingimpairment, decreased IQ, and decreasedattention span, she said.

In 1998 Miranda received $25,000from the National Institute of EnvironmentalHealth Sciences (NIEHS) in seed moneyand then major funding from the Centersfor Disease Control to use GIS to create ahousehold predictive model of lead exposure risks across the state.

GIS analysis has been widely exploredfor environmental sciences as well as forpublic health purposes. It works because mostdata contain a geographic component thatcan be tied to a specific location—a zipcode, a state, a county, a single address.

Users can then overlay data by locationand expose trends that might not be readily available in traditional spreadsheetsoftware. What’s more, they can use GISto generate maps and reports that canserve as the basis for developing policiesand for doing community outreach.

To accomplish what Miranda envi-sioned, she and her team needed to devel-op methodologies to bring together infor-mation at a higher geographic resolutionthan previous public health GIS analysishad done. It wasn’t enough to generate

information at the block level. To developa predictive model that would be usefulfor practitioners who aimed to create pre-vention programs, she needed to find away to work at the individual house level.

“Because the work is done at this veryhigh level of geographic resolution, youcan have a much more carefully tailoredprogram. And that means for every dollar

that you spend in your environmentalpublic health programs, you can gobeyond the census track level and startthinking about placing your priorities ona house-by-house basis,” said Miranda.

To construct a predictive model with arisk index using GIS technology and spatial analysis, Miranda and her teamdrew from county tax assessor data, U.S. Census demographic data and NorthCarolina blood lead screening data for sixNorth Carolina counties: Buncombe, inthe western portion of the state, Durhamand Orange in the central piedmont,Wilson and Edgecombe in the easterncoastal plain, and New Hanover on thesoutheast coast.

Then once they had built a prelimi-nary model, they sent a group to dohouse-by-house environmental samplingto enable them to validate and calibratethe model with what they found in the field.

Her team members are research associates Alicia Overstreet, data manager;Michelle Abrams, project manager;

Christine Bradshaw, GIS programmer;Jennifer Silva, community relations manager; Dana Dolinoy, who is now atHarvard University working on her masters in public health; and fieldresearch associates Lyle Whitney andMatthew Stiegel. Several team membershold degrees from Duke: Overstreet,Abrams and Dolinoy graduated with bach-

elor’s degrees in environmental science and policy; Overstreet received a bachelor’s in biology; and Whitneyreceived the Nicholas School’s masters of environmental management degree.

“We’ve been collecting environmentalsamples from mid-April to mid-Octoberthis summer and last summer. Our initialsamples collected from 500 houses indi-cate pretty tight model validation. I have alot of confidence in the lead model rightnow, and a paper on our preliminaryresults came out in the September issue ofEnvironmental Health Perspectives.”

Sampling is a labor-intensive exercisethat involves sending out hundreds of letters to homeowners asking them toallow a team from the Children’sEnvironmental Health Initiative to takesamples in their homes. Out of 300 lettersthey might get 20 positive responses.

This summer, research associatesWhitney and Stiegel were joined by stateenvironmental specialist Alan Huneycuttdriving in a white, equipment-laden vanfor dawn-to-dusk sampling.

C O V E R S T O R Y

lead poisoning can lead to serious disease

Huneycutt moved about the housestaking readings for lead, while Whitneyand Stiegel took air and dust samples forrelated projects on allergens and moldsand for pesticides.

Miranda has a distinctive, almostmusical laugh. And when she tells the storyof how one project has led to another andthen to another, she can’t help but laugh.

“It is a really expensive and time-consuming undertaking to get someone toopen their house for you and to take environmental samples. So, when we werefully funded on lead, and we went to takethe samples, we said, ‘Gosh, as long as weare going to people’s houses to collect leadsamples, wouldn’t it be great if we collectedsome asthma triggers and allergen samplesto use as pilot data to help us extend thismodel in other directions.’”

The pilot funding for the asthmaproject came from the Wallace GeneticFoundation, soon to be followed by fullfunding by the Department of Housingand Urban Development and from theRobert Wood Johnson Foundation. TheWallace Genetic Foundation also gave seedmoney for another piggy-backed projectfocusing on pesticides.

“When you think of children andenvironmental health, lead exposure has abig effect on neurological health, allergensand asthma triggers have an effect on respiratory health and the immune system, and pesticide exposure, which is

related to neurological health can also berelated to reproductive health. These aresome of the more important exposures for children,” said Miranda.

The lead project is the most mature.They’ve built and calibrated the mappingmodel and are wrapped up the samplingthis summer. Sampling next year will continue with asthma and allergen triggers, and hopefully, she said, for pesticides, as they work to adapt the GIS methodologies to work for these twoprojects as well.

After Hurricane Floyd stalled overeastern North Carolina in 1999 andflooded county after county, asthma ratesincreased in that part of the state.

“When the floods occurred, I felt areally strong desire to be a part of aneffort to rebuild those communities, but Idon’t know how to build houses, I don’tknow how to lay drainage tile, I’m not alegislator or a meteorologist.

“But when asthma rates among childrenin those counties skyrocketed, I saw a part for this ‘nerdy professor’ to take,” she said.

Already the sampling is showing bigdifferences between the level of mold and

mold species that are found in Durhamand Orange counties and those in Wilsonand New Hanover counties. “Drywall islike mold candy. You had these housesthat got flooded, and the drywall justsucked up the moisture. Even when you

think the drywall is dry, it can harbormold,” she said.

Miranda and her team have receivedadditional funding from the State ofNorth Carolina to develop GIS and environmental health services in fivehealth departments serving nine NorthCarolina counties.

So, it’s an exciting time for Mirandaand the team.

Not only does she see her programexpanding far beyond her original dream,she has managed to accomplish what she set out to do when she started: protect and nurture her children at home andthrough her work.

Miranda’s children are very much a partof the Nicholas School. When her last child,Viviana Joy, was born, she stayed with hermom in the office and was available for“holding” every Tuesday and Friday.

“As a school of the environment, wetry all the time to get our students to thinkabout intergenerational issues whetherthey are interested in ecology or environ-mental human health. So, I think there issomething to be said for having the nextgeneration pitter-pattering around in aschool that places such a big emphasis onproblems that play out across enormousspatial and temporal scales.”

For information on Miranda’s workand CEHI projects, check out:www.env.duke.edu/cehi/ orwww.env.duke.edu/faculty/bios/miranda.html.

Scottee Cantrell is director of communications forthe Nicholas School.

from left to right:Matthew Stiegel takes environmental samplesfrom a crawl space; Lyle Whitney and Stiegel lookover their inspection checklist; Alan Huneycutttakes lead readings; the sampling team moves onto the next house.

Jim Wallace, Photos

lead exposure has a big effect on neurological health

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S C H O O L N E W S the log

Marine mammals, sea turtles and seabirdstraverse vast portions of Earth’s oceans,making it difficult for researchers studyingthem in different places to compare noteson their disparate populations.

Such a lack of data coordination is whythe National Oceanographic PartnershipProgram (NOPP) and the Alfred P. SloanFoundation have awarded researchers inDuke University’s Nicholas School $1.8million to develop a digital archive ofmarine mammal, sea turtle and seabirddistribution and abundance.

The archive will be part of the OceanBiogeographic Information System(OBIS), which will provide unparalleledaccess through the Web to coordinate oldand newly created research information.This meshing of various computer filesworldwide will not only give scientistsinstant access to what is known about loca-tions and numbers of given species world-wide, but such census counts will also belinked to what is known about the animals’local environments.

“It will be an immensely powerfultool,” said Andrew J. Read, Rachel CarsonAssistant Professor of Marine ConservationBiology at Duke, who is leading theresearch team. “The power of the Web willmake previously inaccessible databasesavailable in a format that will allowresearchers to put marine mammals, turtles, and birds in the context of othermarine animals and oceanography. It will

open new avenues of research on marinepopulations that couldn’t have been donewithout OBIS.

“It’s tremendously exciting to bringtogether existing data from disparatesources from all over the world and makeit available for oceanography,” addedRead, a specialist in marine mammals.“There are many people out there collectinginformation on the distribution andabundance of sea turtles, marine mam-mals and seabirds, but it has not beencoordinated in any fashion until now.”

OBIS is a component of the Censusof Marine Life, a major internationalresearch program based in Washington, D.C.Other Web-based databases already havebeen created for OBIS on fish, marinemollusks, squid and other cephalopods.

The marine mammals, seabirds andsea turtles project will be a joint effort ofNicholas School researchers at theDurham campus and at the Duke MarineLaboratory in Beaufort. Other principalinvestigators include Patrick N. Halpin,assistant professor of the practice oflandscape ecology and a geospatial tech-nologies specialist; Larry B. Crowder, theStephen Toth Professor of Marine Biologyand a specialist in sea turtles; and DavidHyrenbach, an assistant research scientistand specialist in seabirds. Crowder andHyrenback are based in Beaufort; Halpinis based in Durham.

Halpin and his research assistants willconcentrate on the technical challengesof making the information both compat-ible with other OBIS data sets and Webaccessible so researchers can seamlesslyaccess it for analyses, modeling andmapping. Right now, “a researcher or amember of the public might go to severalnodes to gather all the data they need,”he said. “They might have one node tofind sea surface temperature, to anotherfor marine mammals and another for fishes.”

He and his group will work on a newGeographic Information System datamodel that will allow geographic informa-tion to be observed in four dimensions:latitude, longitude, depth and time.

“Marine species move around,”Halpin noted. “It is not as simple as mapping out forests or geological featuresthat can be considered to be static. In adynamic ocean, you have to account forthe time domain.”

The project officially got under waythis summer, when Nicholas Schoolresearchers started working with outsidegroups and a scientific steering committeeto map out the structure of the Web systemand to determine how best to coordinateavailable data.

The Beaufort team members alreadyhave identified partners to provide existing data sets on marine mammals, sea turtles and seabirds. Those partnersinclude the National Marine FisheriesService Laboratories in Woods Hole,Mass., and in Miami, Fla.; the SeaMammal Research Unit at St. AndrewsUniversity in Scotland; Cascadia ResearchCollective in Olympia Wash.; and AlliedWhale, the Marine Mammal Laboratory of the College of the Atlantic in BarHarbor, Maine.

Nicholas School Researchers Awarded $1.8 Million To Develop Marine Animal Digital Archive

Andy Read

Pat Halpin

Endangered Species Expert Named DorisDuke Professor in Conservation Ecology

Stuart Pimm, one of the world’s foremostexperts on endangered species and habitatdestruction, has been named the firstDoris Duke Professor of ConservationEcology in the Nicholas School.

The professorship was endowed with a$1.7 million grant given to Duke in 1997by the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation,based in New York City.

Pimm, who joins the faculty after serv-ing as professor of ecology at ColumbiaUniversity’s Center for EnvironmentalResearch and Conservation, labels himselfas the “investment banker of the globaland biological accounts.” In his latestbook, The World According to Pimm (2001), he balances the raw numbers of what theearth produces against what humans takeaway, and he finds the numbers don’t add up.

“I will not hector you about havingmany children, driving a large car, eating meat,” he writes. But, “theimpacts I will describe already seriouslydegrade the lives of huge numbers ofpeople. We must do something to makeour actions sustainable. My key messageis that it is possible to have biodiversityand eat too.”

Working on the front lines of conser-vation biology since the early ’70s, StuartPimm is one of the pioneers whose work has put the “science” in environ-mental science. His research covers thereasons why species become extinct, how fast they do so, the global patterns of habitat loss and species extinction, the role of introduced species in causingextinction and, the management consequences of this research.

His current work includes studies onbirds in the Everglades, forests in Brazil,elephants in Africa, and predators inMadagascar and, crucially, the ecosystemson which these species depend.

A native of Derbyshire, England, he is a tireless advocate of conservationpolicy, regularly testifying before Congressand publishing in New Scientist, Scienceand Nature. He is the author of nearly 200 scientific papers, and two other

books, Food Webs (1982) and The Balance ofNature? (1991).

He holds a bachelor of arts from theUniversity of Oxford in England and adoctoral degree from New Mexico StateUniversity. He was named an AldoLeopold Leadership Fellow in 1999 and aPew Scholar in Conservation and theEnvironment in 1993, and he received theKemper Prize for Distinguished Ecologistsin 1994.

The Doris Duke CharitableFoundation’s mission is to improve thequality of people’s lives by nurturing thearts, protecting and restoring the environ-ment, seeking cures for diseases, andhelping to protect children from abuseand neglect. For more information, visit www.ddcf.org.

S C H O O L N E W S

Stuart PimmLu

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New Course Looks at Spirituality and Environmental Ethics

Ted L. Purcell sees the environmental crisis as a spiritual and areligious issue. You might think that is a natural view for someonewho is the Duke University Baptist campus minister.

But, Purcell says, the ecological predicament is religious in the sense that, in this time of unprecedented danger to the planet we share, several inescapable questions emerge withrenewed intensity:• How does the plight of the earth reflect a crisis of moral values

and religious faith?• What spiritual resources do the various religious and ethical tra-

ditions hold for us at such a time as this?• What do the different traditions have to say to one another that

may clarify what it means to have a proper respect for the earthin our personal and social choices?

• And how do religious traditions need to be reevaluated andreconstructed in light of our increasing environmental difficulties?

It is from this perspective that he will launch his new six-week course this fall for Nicholas School students: Environment298 Spirituality and Ecology: Religious Perspectives on Environ-mental Ethics.

Purcell said the course goal is to assist students in developing afunctional personal and social environmental ethic that includesreligious and spiritualvalues. The class willinclude reflection on theEarth Charter, an inter-national and interfaithethical vision for buildinga just, sustainable, andpeaceful global society.

Students will beexpected to keep a journaland write brief papers inresponse to readings, andthey will have opportunitiesfor small group interfaithdialogues and to hearguest speakers. One scheduled speaker is a Lumbee Indian whowill talk about Native American traditions in connection to thenatural world.

Saddened to Learn …As Dukenvironment went to press, we were saddened

to learn of the deaths of Benjamin A. Jayne of Gig

Harbor,Wash., former dean of the School of Forestry

and Environmental Studies, and of long-time board

member and Duke Marine Lab supporter, Peter W.

Stroh of Detroit, Mich.

8dukenvironment

S C H O O L N E W S the logSecond Duke Environmental LeadershipForum to Focus on Dealing with Disasters

The second Duke EnvironmentalLeadership Forum, “Dealing withDisasters: Prediction, Prevention, andResponse,” will be held Nov. 20-21 atDuke University. The forum will look atdisasters that are accidental or “natural,”as well as those that are purposeful, such asterrorist acts.

The annual Environmental LeadershipForum, supported by the StarrFoundation, brings together leaders inbusiness, science and policy to learn fromeach other about how best to addressemerging environmental issues. The firstforum, held in September 2001,addressed “Managing Risk in theChanging Global Environment.”

Dr. Richard A. Meserve, chairman ofthe U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,will give the keynote talk at this year’sevent, which is organized by the DukeCenter for Environmental Solutions, theNicholas School, Fuqua School ofBusiness, and the School of Law.

Kathryn Saterson, executive directorof the Duke Center for EnvironmentalSolutions, said, “Our forum will convenebusiness leaders, policymakers and schol-ars to think creatively about newapproaches to predicting, preventing andmitigating disasters.”

In particular, said Jonathan Wiener,center faculty director, “The forum willexplore innovative ways of dealing with riskagents that strategically change theirbehavior in response to preventive meas-ures, such as pathogens and terrorists.”

The forum’s seven sessions include anopening overview, three sessions focusingon disaster prediction, prevention andresponse, two sessions focusing on chemi-cal facilities and ecosecurity, and a closingsummary session. Participants will discusssuch questions as “What have we learnedfrom recent natural and human-causeddisasters that can help us in dealing withfuture disasters? What are the roles of sci-ence, law and business in predicting, pre-venting and responding to disasters? Whatnew models are needed for risk predictionand forecasting that integrate the respon-

siveness of the risk agent into scenarios forprediction and prevention?”

William H. Schlesinger, dean of theNicholas School, will speak and moderatea session. Other Nicholas School facultyinvolved include Norman L. ChristensenJr., James Clark, Peter Haff, Michael K.Orbach, and Jonathan Wiener.

For information, contact SaraAshenburg, director of the NicholasSchool Office of Executive andContinuing Education, at (919) 613-8082or cee@env.duke.edu, or check out theWeb site at www.env.duke.edu/forum02.

Environmental Economist Martin SmithReceives National Dissertation AwardMartin D. Smith, assistant professor of environmental economics at theNicholas School, has received the 2002Outstanding Ph.D Dissertation Awardfrom the American AgriculturalEconomics Association (AAEA) in recognition of his superior achievement in agricultural economics.

Smith earned his doctoral degree from the University of California at Davis in 2001. His dissertation was“Spatial Behavior, Marine Reserves and the Northern California Red SeaUrchin Fishery.”

The AAEA, a non-profit professionalsociety for those interested in agriculturaleconomics, environmental and naturalresource economics, recognized Smith atits annual meeting in Long Beach, Calif.,earlier this year with a certificate and a$1,000 award. The association is based inAmes, Iowa.

Smith’s research focuses on spatialissues in natural resource use and man-agement. He specializes in applied econo-metrics and bioeconomic modeling. His

research proj-ects includeevaluatingmarine reservesas a commercialfishery manage-ment tool andmodeling theimpacts ofcommercial

fishing on endangered species throughpredator-prey interactions.

Duke Marine Lab Director to Give 2002Revelle LectureMichael K. Orbach, professor of thepractice of marine affairs and policy anddirector of the Duke University MarineLaboratory, has been selected to give the

2002 RogerRevelleMemorialLecture spon-sored by theNationalAcademy ofSciences’ OceanStudies Board(OSB).

Orbach, thefourth lecturer

and the first social scientist in the Revelleseries, will present “Beyond the Freedomof the Seas: Ocean Policy for the ThirdMillennium.”

The OSB created the lecture series inhonor of the late Roger Revelle, the firsthead of the Office of Naval Research’sgeophysics branch and director of ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography for 12 years.The OSB chooses speakers and topics tohighlight the important links betweenoceans sciences and public policy. Thisyear’s Revelle lecture will be Nov. 13 at the National Academy of SciencesAuditorium in Washington, D.C. It isopen to the public.

Orbach, who knew Revelle, said histalk will pick up on an earlier ScientificAmerican article written by the notedoceanographer as the introduction to a1969 special magazine issue devoted to the ocean.

In his speech Orbach will tackle thecontroversial topic of governance of thesea. Countries worldwide may govern fish-ing rights, marine environmental protec-tion and scientific research within 200nautical miles of their shores, but on thehigh seas, there is no uniform regulatoryauthority. “We can no longer afford thefreedom of the seas policy that has been inplace for the past 1,000 years,” he said.

MartinD. Smith

Martin D. Smith

Michael K. Orbach

S C H O O L N E W S

“Our ability to exploit the resources of theocean, our ability to pollute the oceans, isso great that we are going to have to extendsome sort of more formal governance tothe high seas, and closer governance to allof the world’s oceans.”

Orbach said he will discuss how a newgovernance system might work that wouldshift the “burden of proof” standards nowaccepted on the oceans. “We need to havelicensing and permitting for all oceanactivities, with the burden of proof for asafe environment on those who want totake the action,” said Orbach.

Simon Rich to Lead Nicholas Board of Visitors

Simon B. Rich Jr. is the new chairman ofthe Nicholas School Board of Visitors,succeeding Douglass F. Rohrman, whoretired this spring. Rich and his wife,Nancy, recently relocated to Durham fromRedding, Conn., where he was chairmanof Louis Dreyfus Natural Gas and presi-dent and chief executive officer of LouisDreyfus Holding Company.

“Rich has an extremely broad back-ground for this job,” said Dean WilliamH. Schlesinger. “He knows the environ-ment as a farmer, a sportsman, a conser-vationist, and an energy executive, and heknows Duke as a student, an alumnus, aparent and a board member.”

Rich began his career as president ofFirst Colony Farms. It was during thistime that he first met Norman L. “Norm”Christensen Jr., a young botany professor

he engagedto assess theenvironmen-tal impact ofharvestingpeat in easternNorthCarolina. Atthe same time,he helpedfound The Nature Conservancy of NorthCarolina, transferring more than100,000 acres from First Colony Farms toestablish the Alligator River NationalWildlife Refuge in Dare County and toexpand the Pungo Refuge in Washingtonand Hyde counties. Years later, Rich andChristensen would cross paths again, asthe Riches toured the Levine ScienceResearch Center at Duke after Christensenbecame the first dean of the Nicholas School.

Simon B. Rich Jr.

NSF Awards Marine Lab $1 Million for Teaching Fellows Program

A new teaching fellows program at the Duke Marine Lab is givingK-12 students in four eastern North Carolina schools a directwindow to research about life in variable and polluted marinecoastal environments.

A $1,006,850 grant from the National Science Foundation(NSF) placed 14 Duke students—three doctoral students, fiveMaster of Environmental Management students, and six under-graduates—into Carteret County schools for the next three years,where they can share their research and add hands-on learningactivities to the classroom experience.

The teaching fellows are devoting 15 hours a week to the proj-ect. The format encourages learning, and promotes the goal ofthe NSF to enrich science and mathematics education in thenation’s schools.

“The Duke Marine Lab has responded to concerns of localresidents about coastal pollution by partnering with K-12 schoolsto raise environmental awareness. The addition of this programcontributes to this partnership by benefiting the teaching fellowseducationally and by allowing them to bring their special knowl-edge into the classroom to reconnect children to nature,” saidCelia Bonaventura, primary investigator for the project and pro-fessor of cell biology. Bonaventura is based at the Duke MarineLab in Beaufort, which is part of the Nicholas school. Michael K.

Orbach, director of the Duke Marine Lab, and Steve Desper,coordinator of the program for the Duke Marine Lab, are co-principal investigators.

Carteret County schools participating include SmyrnaElementary School, Newport Middle School, East Carteret HighSchool in Beaufort, and West Carteret High School in MoreheadCity. As part of the program, some 27 computer-assisted micro-scopes will be installed in the schools and used in studies ofmarine and freshwater environments.

David Lenker, Carteret County School superintendent, said,“It is the school system’s belief that relevant, hands-on activitieshelp motivate students to become life-long learners. As manyfamilies in Carteret County depend upon the water for theirlivelihoods, it is only natural that schools support the use of thelocal environment as a living laboratory”.

Duke is one of 22 institutions nationwide to receive three-yeargrants from the NSF’s Graduate Teaching Fellows in K-12Education (GK-12) program. The program is intended toencourage graduate students to increase their communicationskills by sharing science and mathematics expertise. Assisted byfaculty mentors, the teaching fellows will bring inquiry-basedprojects into the K-12 classrooms. The projects will draw onmarine resources and illustrate the importance of science, mathe-matics, engineering and technology.

Celia Bonaventura frequently ventures beyone the lab to help reconnect children to nature.

continued on pg. 10

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“The dean of the Nicholas School hadunusual items on his windowsill,” laughsRich. “I knew what they were, but couldn’tfigure out why he had them. They werepeat extrusions made by a machine I hadpurchased in Finland in 1979. As he sawme noticing the peat, we rememberedeach other—same people, but very differ-ent roles.”

Rich joined the board shortly there-after, and has been instrumental in theschool’s strategic planning and outreach tonew constituencies. “The major challengefacing the school is to fund the educationof the highest quality people and launchthem into an economy that does not pro-vide pay scales commensurate with theimportance of the task or the cost of theeducation. I would like to see adequatescholarship funds available to accomplishthis goal.” The Riches have established theNancy A. and Simon B. Rich ScholarshipEndowment.

Special Awards Recognize Graduates

Two Duke graduates received specialawards during 2002 Nicholas Schoolspring recognition ceremonies held dur-ing graduation weekend in May.

Daniel Edwards Lyons, a student inthe coastal environmental managementprogram, received the Virlis L. FischerAward during the recognition ceremonyfor graduates of the Nicholas School pro-fessional program. The award, which ispresented each year to the graduating pro-fessional student with the highest academicachievement, is given by Bernice Fischerin memory of her husband, who dedicatedhis life to the advocacy and wise use of nat-ural resouces, especially forests. He was amember of the Board of Visitors of theSchool of Forestry and a fellow in theSociety of American Foresters.

A native of Stamford, Conn., Lyonsgraduated with a bachelor of sciencedegree in civil engineering fromPrinceton University in 1992. This spring,he received a joint Master ofEnvironmental Management degree fromDuke and an Urban and RegionalPlanning degree from the University ofNorth Carolina. At the Nicholas School,he was a Stanback Fellow with theConservation Trust of North Carolina,and he received both a Sea GrantFellowship and a Knauss Marine PolicyFellowship.

David Geier, who received a bachelorof science in earth and ocean sciences, wasawarded the Thomas V. Laska award dur-ing ceremonies for earth and ocean sci-ences undergraduates. The award is givenby the EOS faculty to the most outstand-ing senior major. The recipient receives aBrunton Compass and his name on aplaque in the EOS divisional office. Theaward was endowed in the early 1970s byAndy and Vera Laska in memory of theirson, who was a geology major at Duke.

Kathryn S. Fuller, president andchief executive officer of the WorldWildlife Fund (WWF) since 1989, wasguest speaker at the 2002 RecognitionCeremony at the Nicholas School.Introduced by Nicholas Board of Visitorsmember, Marshall Field V, she spoke on“Our Living Planet.”

S C H O O L N E W S the log

Teaching the TeachersCraig Stow (center) of the Nicholas Schooltalks with high school teachers DwightDutton of East Chapel Hill High School,Keith Camburn of West Mecklenburg HighSchool, and Kathryn Williams of ScotlandHigh School, about adding water qualityexercises to the high school curricula. Theteachers were among 15 attending a six-dayEnvironmental Science Institute in Julysponsored by the Nicholas School’s Centerfor Environmental Education with fundingfrom the Z. Smith Reynolds Foundation.The participants trekked through DukeForest and visited a sewage treatment plantin Chapel Hill and a building materialsmanufacturer in Roxboro to gain insightsfor the classroom.

Daniel Lyonswith formerdean NormChristensen

Division HeadPeter Haff and David Geier

Check Out eDuke—Three New Ways to Get the Latest Duke Information

Getting the latest news about Duke can be as easy as opening e-mail.Over the past several months, communicators and others from across Duke have

worked together to develop a set of electronic communications called eDuke. The three e-mail products will be free through a single online subscription form:• eDuke daily, which provides the latest material from Duke’s Office of News and

Information (this was formerly the Daily Dialogue)• eDuke media clips, which brings you the latest news media reports about Duke—from

the local TV broadcasts to national networks, and from the New York Times to theInternational Herald Tribune; and

• eDuke monthly, which provides the month’s top news about Duke, along with informa-tion on topics of interest to individual subscribers. (Be sure to request news about theenvironment.)

“With the growing use of the Internet, we realized Web-based communication wouldbe one of the best ways to keep students, faculty, alumni, parents and others up-to-dateon what’s new and exciting at Duke,” said David Jarmul, associate vice president of newsand communications.

To subscribe to one or more service, go to www.eduke.duke.edu.

A contingent of scientists and students from the

Division of Earth and Ocean Sciences in the

Nicholas School spent August on a ship moving

back and forth, lawn mower-like, over a long lava-

emitting crack in the Pacific Ocean’s floor.

Led by geochemist Emily Klein, anassociate professor of earth sciences atDuke, with Woods Hole OceanographicInstitution marine geologist DeborahSmith serving as co-principal investigator,the expedition thoroughly mapped thearea’s underwater topography, extensivelyphotographed the bottom geology, andbrought up enough rock samples to hard-en the muscles of Klein’s predominantly-female scientific crew.

Voyaging on a Scripps Institution ofOceanography vessel, the 279-foot R/VMelville, they braved hurricane-infestedwaters en route from San Diego to a spotjust north of the equator for the rareopportunity to catch a new geological feature in the act of formation.

Called the “Incipient Rift,” (abbrevi-ated IR,) this feature is part of the restlessprocess of Plate Tectonics that splits theEarth into slowly migrating plates separatedby zones of stress. Along those zones,called mid-ocean ridges, new ocean floor is created to the accompaniment ofearthquakes and volcanic eruptions.

The R/V Melville did its work off one of those ridges, called the East PacificRise, which separates the huge Pacific Plate to its west from several other plates to the east. Two of those easternplates are separated by another crust-making ridge system that currently

culminates just east of the East Pacific Rise in a deep canyon called Hess Deep.

Hess Deep was the target of anotherDuke-led geological expedition in 1999 on which Klein was a co-principal investi-gator (the Web site is accessible at www.env.duke.edu/hessdeep/hessdeep.html).During a break in the Hess Deep sched-ule, that expedition repositioned about 30 miles northwest so Klein could get herfirst look at the IR, which appears to be abrand new mid-ocean ridge.

Located at depths between 2,800 and3,500 meters below the surface (9,180-11,480 feet), the IR was discovered byother researchers in the 1980s. It is knownto extend about 75 kilometers (46 miles)to the east from a spot on the East PacificRise. Its edges are believed to be spreadingapart, as ocean ridges do, at a glacial paceranging between 0 and 33 millimeters ayear. It also is known to be emitting lava—making it another ocean crust maker, ifonly a baby version.

During her 1999 mini-visit to the IR, Klein used a primitive technique calledwax coring to pull up samples of basalticglass, a form lava can take when it erupts at a temperature of 1,800 degreeFahrenheit and suddenly solidifies on encountering near-freezing oceanfloor seawater.

A scientist who specializes in thechemistry of rocks, she collected this glasswith a procedure somewhat like using tapeto pull lint from a wool overcoat. With waxcoring, however, the “tape” was an espe-cially sticky mixture of surfboard wax andpetroleum jelly affixed to the bottom of aniron cylinder. The cylinder was bolted to a

100-pound steel weight, giving the combi-nation enough momentum to smash intothe ocean bottom like a battering ram.

Wax coring is “the most rudimentaryway possible” to collect geological samplesfrom the ocean floor, Klein acknowledgedin a pre-expedition interview. On theother hand, “it’s fast, it’s cheap, you don’thave to bring a lot of equipment with you,and it’s very easy to do,” she added.

Geological specimens are like timemachines, preserving evidence about theenvironment in which they formed. Flakesof black basaltic glass preserve a record ofthe chemistry of the lava at the momentthat it suddenly “froze” after its passagefrom deep underground.

All but one of the 12 wax cores Kleinretrieved from the Incipient Rift in 1999contained fresh basaltic glass. After shebrought those samples back she analyzedthem with the aid of a special tool calledan inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer.

Bought with a grant from the NationalScience Foundation, which also fundedKlein’s expedition back to the IR, the spe-cial spectrometer separates elements by thedifferent weights of their isotopes with theaid of a powerful magnetic field. Shecould thus identify the different elementsin the basalt, which provided vital hintsabout how lava was produced and changedduring its upward journey.

The spectrometer study and other testing, “produced some tantalizing resultsfor me,” Klein added. Particularly compelling was how concentrations of the element magnesium varied at her sampling spots along the rift.

S T U D Y

Cruise to the Incipient Rift:Emily Klein ’Mows’ the East Pacific to Reveal Secrets of Magmaby Monte Basgall

1. Heather Hanna, a fourth-year Duke graduate student and ocean veteran 2. Isla Benedicto, an island passed during transit to the study area. 3. Camera tow, lava and sediment

1 2 3

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Scientists believe the percentage ofmagnesium in a basalt sample’s makeupprovides a benchmark for how much itphysically and chemically “evolved” duringits lengthy upward journey from the“mantle” region—a hot, high pressurenetherworld about 7 kilometers below theocean floor.

Until it erupts, lava is technicallyknown as “magma” to geologists, whobelieve that the more a magma sample hascooled en route to the seafloor the lowerits magnesium concentration. They reasonthat the “missing” magnesium would havebeen crystallized out and left behind.

Indirect clues such as magnesium levelsare all scientists have to study what theycan’t see: conditions in the deep extensiveunderground plumbing system thatNature uses to deliver fresh hot crust torepave the ocean floors.

One central question that Klein’sAugust expedition sought to address is howthat magma is collected and channeledbeneath the East Pacific Rise before iterupts there. Like popping a champagne

cork, such eruptions are believed torelease some of the pent up pressure inthe mantle deep below. That causes somemantle material to rise and melt as itdecompresses.

“It is now understood that melt comesfrom what is believed to be a very wide areaof the mantle, something like 100 kilome-ters wide, and is being focused in apyramidal shape towards the East PacificRise where it erupts,” Klein said.

Researchers have been trying to deter-mine how magma compositions may varyunder that 100 kilometer mixing zone,but they “couldn’t get their hands on it,”she acknowledged. That’s because by thetime the lava emerges on the East PacificRise, its chemistry has evolved from all themixing and moving the magma underwenton the way.

The chemical clues Klein got from her1999 samples suggested that the IncipientRift could help resolve this uncertainty.She proposed to the NSF that, since theIR slices across the East Pacific Rise’s hugeunderground magma reservoir, the “little

melts” it emits would providelava samples representing vari-ous stages of magma move-ment and evolution.

“It’s like tapping a rubbertree,” she said. “The point ofthis study is, perhaps for thefirst time ever, to be able toprovide information on thecomposition of melt in thiswide and deep area that we cannever get our hands on.”

The RV Melville left SanDiego on Aug. 5. Its passagewas mostly smooth through“hurricane alley,” the area of

the eastern Pacific where hurricanes canform this time of year. That was a greatrelief to Elizabeth (Betsy) Williams, a sec-ond-year Duke graduate student in geolo-gy who worried about getting seasick.

Before Williams left land, she “battletested” motion sickness medications byordering her boyfriend to “drive mearound, swerving all over the road, withme reading and my face down, and no airconditioning.” She turned 30 on herthird day out from the dock, and happilycelebrated with a helping of cake.

Motion issues aside, this voyage was arite of passage for Williams. After major-ing in English at Haverford College shehad spent seven years in the science andmathematics textbook publishing industrybefore taking up geology at Duke. “I alwayshad this nagging thought in the back of mymind that I should be doing science,” shesaid. “So here I am.”

While this was William’s first at-seaexperience, the trip will provide a doctoraldissertation for fourth-year graduate stu-dent and ocean veteran Heather Hanna,who studies geochemistry under Klein.“There’s been so little work on this that itshould be a very interesting project,” she said.

Hanna previously went to the middleof the Atlantic Ocean as part of a multi-university expedition called MARVEL thatended up discovering “The Lost City,” anew and unique geothermal vent field. “Ilearned so much on the MARVEL cruise,and I really enjoyed working on the ship,”she added. “I love being at sea.”

Joining Williams and Hanna at theIncipient Rift was another graduate stu-dent, Meagen Pollock. Also aboard wereMark Rudnicki, a Duke research scientist

Emily Klein, geochemist and chief investigator, charts dredge positions.

S T U D Y

4. Camera photograph of extinct hydrothermal mound. 5. Clare Williams, a MIT/WHOI graduate student 6. Emily Klein,9.The scientific party: back row, left to right:Wenlu Zhu, research scientist,WHOI; Ron Comer, resident technician, Scripps;Clare Williams, graduate student, MIT/WHOI; Meagan Pollock, graduate student, Duke; Heather Hanna, graduate student,Duke undergraduate 11. Camera tow photograph of ocean bottom and surprised squid. 12. Background art shows a camera

4 5 6 7

in marine geochemistry, and three Dukeundergraduates: Carrie Donnelly, RyanCheney and Jenny McGuire.

They joined an additional contingentof scientists and graduate students fromWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution(WHOI) in Massachusetts, which super-vised the photographic and geomagneticobservations that backed up Klein’s geochemical investigations.

The mission was unusually heavy onfemale help, whose job descriptions wouldinclude plenty of heavy lifting. “All thesame 5 foot 2,” exclaimed Williams. “But, heck, if the men can do it so can we, right?”

As Duke and WHOI students docu-mented from the ship on a NicholasSchool Web site, www.env.duke.edu/IncipientRift/, expedition researchersbegan using a shipboard sonar devicecalled SeaBeam to map the ocean floortopography (scientists call that “bathyme-try”) while they were still hundreds ofnautical miles from the IR.

“We’ll make a map of the wholeregion,” Klein said. “It’s called “mowingthe lawn.” In essence, the whole shipbecame the pen for an evolving underwa-ter chart, with sound waves serving as ink.Each pinging sonar swath covered aboutfive kilometers of ocean bottom, but ittook multiple course changes, back andforth, to blanket the whole area.

One purpose of this extensive “mow-ing” was to see if the IR really stops cold75 kilometers east of the East Pacific Riseor instead continues at another locationon the other side. “Ridges can do thoselittle jumps,” Klein said.

The R/V Melville also towed a magne-tometer, a device that detects magnetic

variations in ocean floor rock. Whenmolten lava hardens into basalt, on-boardstudents explained, magnetic constituentsin the stone align with Earth’s magneticfield as it existed at the time. These alignments then begin to decay as thestone oxidizes.

Scientists can thus deduce when the riftbegan forming, as well as how recentlyadditional lava erupted. It was such mag-netic observations, said WHOI graduatestudent Clare Williams, that provided theestimate that the Incipient Rift first begancracking through the ocean floor only about1 million years ago—yesterday, geologically.

Ten days into the cruise, the expedi-tion was wrapping up its sonar and mag-netic work and beginning its second stageof operations. That’s when it first droppedthe Melville’s dragline dredge, a hugeheavy jaw of iron that emptied into a largeiron net resembling chain mail.

Dragged behind a cable about 3,000meters beneath the ship, the dredge served as a brutish counterpoint to the wax cores the group began dropping too.Successful wax core missions would returnwith tiny bits of basaltic glass. But a gooddredge run would scoop up piles of rocksfor the students to heft from deck to laboratory for sorting and sawing intogeological samples.

Also launched was WHOI’s TowCam—nicknamed “RabbitCam” for the sloganpainted on its side. As its name implies,TowCam was also lowered underwater by acable and pulled behind the ship where itsdigital camera made up to 1,000 picturesof the bottom each run.

With TowCam’s 300-watt strobe lightintroducing wedges of day in the deepocean’s perpetual night, the Nicholas

School’s Web site quickly began postingcrisp images of unusual features in theunclouded water. Those included a possi-ble extinct hydrothermal vent (with star-tled crab), and what Duke undergradDonnelly termed a “baby giant squid.”

Another photograph of fresh lavaflowing over older rock, coupled with thebasaltic glass recovered from almost everyinitial dredging run, provided Klein anearly surprise. “It is truly remarkable howmagmatically active the Incipient Rift is,”she exclaimed in an e-mail from the ship.

Also of interest from the SeaBeamsonar studies was how much the IncipientRift’s walls appear to have spread apart.

On their very last day, IR researchersdiscovered a new and previously unknownV-shaped rift, called a “propagating rift,”northeast of the Incipient Rift. Klein saidit was one of the exciting findings of thecruise. “This finding may prompt us torethink our understanding of the wholemicroplate boundary system in this area.”

Klein quickly noted that final assess-ments and discoveries will happen in herDuke lab, perhaps well after the cruise isover. “The heart of this cruise is to studythe geochemistry of the lavas,” she wrote.“And we are not doing chemical analysis at sea.”

Monte Basgall is a senior writer with Duke’s Officeof News and Communications and specializes in science coverage.

from left, Dan Jacobson, and Debbie Smith 7. A dredge 8. Stargazing on deck: Mark Rudnicki, research scientist at Duke (clockwise), Heather Hanna, and Trish Gregg, a graduate student at MIT/WHOI.Debbie Smith, co-chief scientist, WHOI; Dan Jacobson, computer technician, Scripps; Mark Rudnicki, research scientist, Duke; Emily Klein, chief scientist, Duke; Betsy Williams, graduate student, Duke;Duke; Carrie Donnelly and Jenny McGuire, both recent graduates of Duke; Ryan Cheney, Duke undergraduate; Trish Gregg. graduate student, MIT/WHOI; Greg Kurras, camera technician. 10. Ryan Cheney.tow track plot. Photos (people shots) by Carrie Donnelly and Jenny McGuire.

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S T U D E N T N E W S

You might call it an adventure: completinga master’s project (MP) in the NicholasSchool sometimes involves exotic travel,usually requires learning new things, frequently entails unexpected challenges,and generally means that you can wind upsome place entirely different than youimagined when you started.

But for students in the Masters ofEnvironmental Management and Master of Forestry programs, their MP adventurescan open windows to real work experiencesthat give them valuable insight into theirfuture jobs, and the journey can even be fun.

MEM students Susan Watts Chinn andEnid McNutt, who graduated in May, tooktwo very different journeys to completetheir MPs. But they both discovered veryquickly that the key to a successful project isbeing able to adapt to unexpected change.

Like most students in the NicholasSchool, they used their summer intern-ships to do the groundwork for their proj-ects. Pursuing her interest in internationaldevelopment, Chinn hopped on a plane to

Latin America to undertake what she originally thought would be a project oncommunity-based conservation of sea tur-tles. McNutt stayed close to Duke, thinkingthat she would study wetlands. But, as theirstories unfolded, they found themselvesfacing some very interesting challenges.

For Chinn, whose focus was resourceeconomics and policy, her first prioritieswere to get an internship and then to get funding.

One of her professors gave her a handin locating an internship. He put her intouch with Fundacion Cocibolca, a non-profit organization that manages severalnational parks in Nicaragua.

Then she just needed to acquire enough funding to spend three months in Nicaragua. Chinn, who was active in the Nicholas School’s Student InternationalDiscussion Group (SIDG), was known forher hard work and persistence in getting a job done.

“I lucked out really,” Chinn said. “I hadto come up with what I wanted to do veryearly on in the process in order to compete

for grants, but I was able to get fundingthrough the school even though my projecteventually changed from what I thought Iwould do.”

Communication with Cocibolca provedto be sporadic, which meant she had to useher own resources to define her MP focus.But knowing that Cocibolca’s conservationactivities were based at two main sites—oneat Mombacho Volcano Natural Reserve andthe other at La Flour Wildlife Refuge—sheopted to focus on the latter.

Chinn received two grants from the Nicholas School—one from SIDG and the other from the Kuzmier-Lee-Nikitine Endowment Fund. The other two came from the Center for LatinAmerican and Caribbean Studies, and the Duke Center for InternationalDevelopment at the Sanford Institute of Public Policy.

From then on her trip took on a storyline that involved real-life lessons—some challenging, some disappointing—on how to manage a project in a differentcountry with a different language.

action

Mastering the Unexpected:

by Julia Connors

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For Two Students the Road to an MP is Filled With Challenges

“I had been forewarned by friends who had gone to Africa andLatin America the year before: You can try to figure this out now,but try to keep an open mind because when you get there it’s goingto be different than you think. You’ll have to adapt,” she said.

Lesson #1: You have to adapt. When Chinn finally establishedcommunication with the executive director of Cocibolca, he suggested that she might have more luck completing a project atthe Volcano Mombacho Natural Reserve, because of several problems at the sea turtle refuge. So Chinn took that in stride and continued plans for her trip.

As her flight time got closer, she heard from the executivedirector that he would be in the United States when she arrived,but he gave her the name of two people who would help her.“‘Contact these people,’ he told me. ’They’re expecting you.They’ll know what to do. Here’s the address,’” Chinn said.

On the ground in Nicaragua, however, she found that no onein the organization office was expecting her or knew what theexecutive director planned for her to do. An appointment withone of the two people the director had referred her to turned outto be even more surprising.

He welcomed her to the office, “and then he explained thatthe executive director had resigned before leaving for the UnitedStates,” Chinn said. “So, I was a little frazzled at the beginning.”

Lesson #2: You have to adapt. Having spent her junior year ofcollege in Spain, Chinn was fluent in Spanish and felt confidentthat language wouldn’t be a problem. But, “I got there and realizedthat the Nicaraguan accent is so different. They could understandme, but I had a hard time understanding them,” she said. “It tookme a few weeks before I got used to their accents.”

Called enchanted by some, the Mombacho Volcano NaturalReserve covers some 1,700 acres of high-altitude forest southwestof Managua and is part of Nicaragua’s National System ofProtected Areas. “The trees are covered entirely with bromeliadsand moss, and a trail weaves around the perimeter of a volcaniccrater that is truly spectacular to behold. Most often clouds maskthe view, but on a clear day you can see all the way to LakeNicaragua (also called Lake Cocibolca).”

Overseeing this reserve has proved a challenge for Cocibolca,which has been charged by the Nicaraguan government with conserving and protecting its natural resources and with control-ling and monitoring park visitation with trained park rangers and areserve manager.

Chinn set out to do her part by giving Cocibolca informationthat would help them determine what changes should be made toimprove the operation and what the reserve’s potential was toreturn a profit.

“While there, I evaluated the quality of the reserve’s servicesand infrastructure and visitor demand for such services by implementing a survey of visitors,” she said. “I also evaluated theefficiency and transparency of the operation by surveying thereserve’s personnel.”

In the process, she gained valuable insight into collecting dataand surveying populations in a developing country. “The survey

participants were responsive, but some of them had never filled outa conventional survey before. I had a bunch of questions wherethey had to evaluate aspects of the reserve on a scale of one to five,and they had a really hard time figuring out what to do.”

Before Chinn headed back to the United States, she made aninformal presentation to the organization of her preliminary find-ings on the obvious areas for improvements, as well as the strengthsof the biological station at the reserve. It took until December forher to finish tabulating the survey results and to produce a formalreport for the organization and her grant sources.

Lesson #3: You have to adapt. Chinn got out of the internshipwhat she needed: her MP, a trip to an amazing part of the world,and a lot of valuable experience that just doesn’t come from a book.

The methodology she used to create and administer the surveyscame directly from a course she took with Randall Kramer, professor of resource and environmental economics in theNicholas School. So, she was encouraged by the opportunity to puther classroom education to the test. In addition, her interactionswith the park officials, ecologists, and park visitors provided herwith insight into a region where she hopes to continue concentratingher efforts.

But there was disappointment, too. She’s not sure if the organ-ization put her suggestions to use.

“If they do get something out of it, that’s great, and it’s disappointing if they don’t. But, I’ve had to step back and realizethat their using it was really the secondary purpose,” said Chinn.Over the summer, Chinn got married and moved to Boston,Mass., where she hopes to pursue a career in environmental policyanalysis, economic evaluation, or community-based conservationwork, ideally in developing countries.

Although she took an entirely different approach to her MP,Enid McNutt, also learned that flexibility is the only way to make itthrough the process when the unexpected crops up.

Unlike Chinn, McNutt, who focused on resource ecology inthe Nicholas School, determined that her summer would be bestspent close to home, so she applied for a Stanback Internshipthrough the Nicholas School to work with the North Carolinaoffice of The Conservation Fund in Chapel Hill.

Then she teamed up with classmate and fellow intern, TaraChilds, with the idea of conducting intensive wetlands fieldwork.Soon realizing that three months was too short to collect substan-tial data, the team settled on another project on The ConservationFund list—conserving North Carolina millponds.

Many millponds were constructed more than 200 years ago aspower sources for wheat and flour mills, and they also served ascommunity gathering places. One of their environmental benefits

S T U D E N T N E W S

Susan Watts Chinn at theMombacho Volcano NaturalReserve in Nicaragua.

is that they play a similar role to beaver ponds,providing a niche for aquatic, semiaquatic andmigratory fowl species. Millponds also act asconstructed wetlands, improving water qualityby slowing water flow and filtering out sedi-ments—a much needed role in the farmingareas of rural North Carolina.

“But, during hurricanes Fran and Floyd,many of the dams were destroyed, promptingprivate millpond owners to approach TheConservation Fund and ask for assistance inrepairing the dams,” said McNutt. Unlike many other conserva-tion organizations, The Conservation Fund often handles projectsthat preserve cultural and historical sites as well as ecologically sig-nificant areas.

In beginning their research, McNutt and Childs identified300 North Carolina millponds and drew up a list of areas that hadbeen the hardest hit by the hurricanes. They then narrowed theirsearch to 10 millponds that were in the greatest need of restoration.

Because The Conservation Fund could not finance the repairof dams at each pond, “we decided to do a prioritization of themillponds using decision analysis,” said McNutt. Decision analysisis a quantitative analytical method for reaching a decision whenthere are multiple courses of action.

Taking this step in the MP process proved to be quite a learn-ing experience for both of them as neither had yet taken a courseon decision analysis. But, they set to work teaching themselves dif-ferent methods of decision analysis with the help of their newlychosen adviser, Lynn Maguire, associate professor of the practiceof environmental management in the Nicholas School. McNutt

learned Multiple Attribute Utility Analysis(MAUT), while Childs learned Analytical

Hierarchy Processor (AHP),which they applied to

the millpond pri-oritization and

comparedresults.

In order to evaluatethe millponds, theyproduced objectives

hierarchies, as well as lists of prioritized attributes,which they gathered through research, interviewswith pond owners, and their adviser at The

Conservation Fund.“After completing our analyses, we each had a list of 10

millponds, in order from one to 10 in terms of priority forpreservation,” said McNutt. “Comparing our two lists, we foundthat in our rankings, millponds one through five were identical.”

McNutt reported her final list of 10 millponds in ranked orderto The Conservation Fund and recommended that those showingthe highest value in terms of preservation should be restored first.“I also demonstrated the usefulness of decision analysis as a way tomake complicated, multifaceted natural resource managementdecisions,” she said.

Their Conservation Fund adviser, who had not been exposedto decision analysis in a conservation context, liked the MAUTtechnique so much that she said she would use it in the future forcomplex issues.

McNutt said she appreciated the MP experience and feels thatthe knowledge she gained from the project will be useful in herfuture career plans, which she hopes will involve restoring wetlandsout West. “I’m really interested in wetlands, and the millponds arehavens for many wetland species including cypress trees,” she said.

At the end of the MP journey just before graduation, bothChinn and McNutt had to make 20-minute presentations of their work at the Nicholas School’s annual MP symposium. Theyfound that their colleagues, too, had weathered many challengesand they had all come through the year with a new look at theirfuture work.

Fortunately, “The school is good at getting us prepared for theoral presentations in the spring,” said Chinn. “I was dreading myMP presentation from the first day of school, but it actually turnedout to be a good experience.”

And then, it was over, and they were on to the next challenge intheir lives.

Julia Connors T’04 studies French and does documentary work and photography on the side. She is considering a career in medical journalism.

S T U D E N T N E W S

Julia Connors took the photos of Enid McNutt and of Yates Millpond. McNutt and Connors weregiven a tour of the millpond—which is being restored in southwest Raleigh—by RebeccaCope, who told them about her experiences during the restoration process.

Susan Watts Chinn provided photos from the Mombacho Volcano Natural Reserve, including thered-eyed frog.

dukenvironment 16

Enid McNutt visiting YatesMillpond in Wake County.

by William H. Schlesinger

One frequent question duringmy first year as dean was, “Sowhat are you doing with forestryin the Nicholas School?”Frankly, I was surprised. Newapproaches to traditional forestryeducation were a major tenet inthe creation of the School of theEnvironment at Duke more than10 years ago. Certainly, we want-

ed to retain the option of a Master of Forestry (MF) degree, andthe Society of American Foresters reaccredited our programrecently. We continue to make extensive use of the Duke Forest asan outdoor classroom for forest management. But, as for anexplicit focus on production forestry, Duke was out.

Even 10 years ago, this was not to say that we thought forestswere unimportant, but rather, we wanted to develop new educa-tional programs that extend beyond traditional training in pro-duction forestry. Here, Duke could play a special role: with thecreation of the Nicholas School of the Environment and EarthSciences, we could see more in the forest than the trees.

Forests host the greatest fraction of the world's biotic diversity,sequester significant quantities of carbon dioxide from Earth'satmosphere, and cleanse the air and waters that pass through themon a daily basis. These are services that nature provides free ofcharge. As humans have reduced forest cover globally from 40percent at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution to about 29 per-cent today, we have sacrificed a good deal of nature's services, usu-ally in favor of only short-term gain.

A holistic view of forestry is needed. What this means is that forour students the traditional courses in a forestry curriculum—withnames such as dendrology, mensuration and silviculture—may wellbe replaced by classes in forest economics, forest watershed man-agement, conservation biology, and biogeochemistry. Our goal isto train students who can practice sustainable forest management.We will provide value{added graduate education in forest ecosys-tem management, recognizing that extractive management must bedone in ways that minimize environmental impacts, maximizeconservation benefits, and sustain the broad array of values offorested lands. The forest products industry knows how to growtrees; what it needs to know is how to manage land for the diversityof other goods and services that a healthy forest ecosystem can pro-vide. This is a role that the Nicholas School is uniquely qualified toplay—in the Southeast, across the country and around the world.

We will continue to look to forests for fuel and fiber. Indeed,somewhere recently a tree was cut to provide the paper for thismagazine. As the human population grows, we will increasinglydepend on the ecosystem services of forested land as much as wedepend on its timber.

No, the Nicholas School of the Environment and EarthSciences has not abandoned forestry. In fact, with the help of theSullivan and Tukman families, we have just created a new endowedchair in forest resource management and environmental eco-nomics and policy (see page 27). We are proud to have trainedmanagers who are now found throughout the forest productsindustry in the United States and abroad. What we must do now isto provide broad training on forest ecosystem management to alarge cadre of young professionals who will care for our forests ofthe future.

Schlesinger is Dean of the Nicholas School and James B. Duke Professor of Biogeochemistry.

O P I N I O N forum

Whither Forestry at Duke?Jason Davis MEM’03

spent his summerexamining amphib-ian diversity as part

of a large sustainableforestry project.

18dukenvironment

There are happy clams and for a while, there may have been a fewextra cheerful barnacles in Professor Dan Rittschof’s lab. In hissearch for a new compound to keep the pesky shellfish from cling-ing to boats, the Nicholas School zoologist fed small doses of apopular antidepressant to barnacles. He wasn’t thinking the med-icine would relax the tiny arthropods so they would loosen theircostly and invasive grip. Antidepressants just happened to beamong the drugs he used to test the theory that human pharma-ceuticals might chemically—and safely—thwart a barnacle’s abilityto settle on ships.

The tests established proof of principle. Now comes the hard part.

After 20 years of trying to find a replacement for the effectivebut toxic tin-laden paint that protects the hulls of most of theworld’s ships, Rittschof learned that there are no simple solutions.The original idea was to find something that was environmentallybenign, so it made sense to look for naturally occurring com-pounds. And, there seemed to be candidates among the manymarine organisms that continuously produce antifoulants. But,“natural” does not necessarily mean simple or benign. Rittschoffound the technical, financial and regulatory barriers to bringingsuch a product to market prohibitive.

“I pretty much had reached a dead end,” he said. “I went from natural products, which are relatively complex models, to looking for things that were a dollar a pound that prevent barnacle settlement.”

Willing to cast his intellectual net in places others might over-look, Rittschof may have found what he was looking for in hismedicine cabinet. By recognizing the metabolic similarities inhumans and barnacles, Rittschof and a collaborating group inSingapore have identified many common medications that pre-vent the critters from attaching to boats and pilings.

But it took two decades and six untapped patents beforeRittschof reached that point.

The stakes in this search are extremely high. Boats encrustedwith barnacles, algae and other shellfish are slower and burn morefuel. Virtually all of the world’s boats—cargo ships, cruise liners,oil tankers and pleasure craft—use paint laced with toxic tributylin(TBT) to keep them off. In the 1970s, the TBT paint was seen as

an improvement over older lead and arsenic-based coatings. But,studies found that the compound can persist in the environmentand decimate sea life, including human foods such as oysters,clams and mussels.

In response to the unacceptable environmental impacts ofTBT, the World Maritime Organization, an arm of the UnitedNations, is banning the substance as of 2003. In July, theEuropean Union—which banned the use of TBT and otherorganotins on pleasure boats in 1989—extended the ban for allmember ships. As a result, some companies have turned to cop-per-based paints. But they too can be harmful and are banned insome countries.

It was the search for an alternative that brought Rittschof toDuke University in the early 1980s. He’s the guy with the beardand the baseball cap who spends as much time paddling aroundthe estuaries of Carteret County as he does in the Duke MarineLab in Beaufort, N.C., where he is based. As both a scientist anda professor, Rittschof’s work centers on the biochemistry ofmarine animal behavior. Helpful, hardworking and friendly, hehas a reputation as an innovative and enthusiastic researcher. Onecolleague described him as “scientifically creative.” Over the years,Rittschof has helped create better food for farm-raised fish. Andhe’s identified the chemical signals that guide blue crabs, drawpredators to oysters and help hermit crabs find shells. The classeshe teaches include The Biochemistry of Marine Animals andEcology of Chemical Signals.

R E S E A R C H

Boat Bottoms, Barnacles and Modern Medicine:Dan Rittschof Hopes the Drug Store Will Offer aSafe Substance to Keep Barnacles Off Boatsby Tinker Ready

The antifouling research dock at the Duke Marine Lab.

Rittschof came to the Duke Marine Labin 1982 to join a team that was searchingfor natural compounds to replace TBT.Led by retired researcher John Costlow—with the support of the U.S. Office ofNaval Research—they were looking at theantifouling properties of whip coral. Theyweren’t having much luck, Rittschof said.

“They had been going for three yearsand didn’t have any results” he said. “WhatI brought to them was the ability to inte-grate chemistry and biology. I could makethe science work.”

And he did, to a point. Well versed inbarnacle breeding, his lab spawned billionsof larvae over the years by developing a spe-cialized water treatment process. He helpedCostlow and his team identify the activeingredient in the coral’s ability to resistfouling—a disk shaped molecule known asthe pukalide. Too complex and expensiveto produce, the pukalide structure hintedat other chemicals that might prove useful.That led them to the sea pansy and a classof chemicals called “renillafoulins,” whichthe scientists patented in 1986. But again,those chemicals were complex. And, theteam found it difficult to meld their com-pounds with existing paints and coatings.

“Making a coating is a lot more thanmixing a chemical with paint, ” Rittschofsaid. “There is chemistry and there is biol-ogy and there is polymer coating scienceand the engineering that goes with that.”

While the compounds worked, theydidn’t work as well as tin, which at the time,was still the industry standard, Rittschofsaid. So, industry interest—needed to movetheir work out of the lab and on to boats—

was lukewarm. And then there was theEnvironmental Protection Agency review.It can take years and cost millions to put a new compound through the testsand reviews needed to make sure it toowon’t contaminate the environment, said Rittschof.

“There are lots of environmentalissues,” he said. “The organic compoundshave the potential to be worse than copperbecause you don’t know how they work yet,”he said. “They can be environmental estro-gens or they can be carcinogens.”

Frustrated with the financial and regu-latory barriers to introducing a new, unfa-miliar product, Rittschof found himself ata dead end.

“Development of commercial coatingsusing natural products is blocked by cost,the time horizon to meet government regulations, and the performance stan-dards based on coatings with unacceptableenvironmental impact,” he wrote in a2000 article of the journal Biofouling. “If blocks are removed, the potential forenvironmentally acceptable solutions thatcombine natural products with organicbiocides is high.”

Recognizing that was a big “if,”Rittschof turned his attention elsewhere.What about human pharmaceuticals? hethought. The main idea may have beenaround for more than 100 years, but onlyfrom a biological perspective and not froma chemical or engineering perspective.

After all, barnacles and humans sharesomething on a cellular level—metabolicpathways. Many drugs interfere with specif-ic biochemical and neurotransmissionpathways. Because many of these humanpathways are old, evolutionarily, they occurin barnacles as well. Those same pathwaysare involved in the physical changes thatallow barnacles to transform themselvesfrom swimming larvae to stationary pests.

“There is a complex metabolic cascadethat’s involved in that metamorphosis, andyou should be able to interfere with itsomewhere,” he said. “The drugs haveknown mechanisms and absolutely knownchemistry, so if you find the right pathwaysto interfere with, you can pick the rightchemistry.”

Rittschof, has explored most of theBeaufort area’s waterways, will have a newand distant place to paddle for this project

Antifouling experiments in progress involving paint substrates.

Dan Rittschof removes an experimental raft from theresearch dock (left) and examines fouled rods (right).

Scot

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20dukenvironment

—Singapore. He found little interest in his project in the United States. But, a group of professors from NationalUniversity of Singapore (NUS) invitedhim to work with them after he gave aspeech two years ago in the SoutheastAsian country. Home to global shipping,Singapore has a huge interest in the scienceof shipping, the marine environmentand in intensifying its economic base.

The scientists at the NUS TropicalMarine Science Institutes operate a bio-fouling program that concentrates on bio-diversity, ecology and larval studies. Theyare “trying to get a grip on fouling in thetropics which is poorly understood andsometimes almost anecdotal,” said SerenaTeo, a research fellow at the institute andthe principal investigator for the pharma-ceutical study.

“Dr Dan’s project with us falls underthe larval studies component,” she said viae-mail. “The concept is really simple: ifyou know how barnacles stick, you knowhow it won’t happen.”

Jonathan R. Matias, who knowsRittschof and his antibiofouling work well,also thinks the Duke researcher is on theright track. Matias’ New York City-basedcompany, Poseidon Ocean Sciences, hasbeen using Rittschof’s testing system foryears. He has identified a naturalantifouling agent and plans to register itwith the EPA this year.

“The approach that Dan is doing isreasonable and hopefully he will findsome products that are low enough in costand approved by the EPA at the sametime,” Matias said.

Earlier this year, Rittschof spent fourweeks setting up an antifouling lab at abrand new, palatial marine laboratorynestled among the coconut trees ofSingapore’s St. John’s Island. For the nextfew years, Rittschof will shuttle betweenNorth Carolina and Singapore to serve asadviser and collaborator.

The team set out to pinpoint metabol-ic pathways mutual to both humans andbarnacles. Then they targeted those that,in the shellfish, serve as a key link in the

biochemical events that lead to its meta-morphosis from swimming larvae to stub-born barnacle. They were looking fordrugs that, for example, interact with thehuman opioid-2 pathway in both crea-tures. They tried a range of common pre-scription and over-the-counter productsand found a few.

So, it was back to the barnacle larvae,known as nauplii. After they shed theirouter shells several times, the larvae turninto “cyprids,” creatures that live on theirown fat. However, if cyprids don’t anchorthemselves to a hard surface within twoweeks they die. Drawn by pheromones,they seek out surfaces already colonized byother barnacles, where they attach them-selves and transform again, this time intofilter feeders.

Rittschof’s team was trying to find a wayto spare the nauplii, which are an impor-tant part of the maritime food chain, butkill the cyprids before they could settle. Sothey conducted a toxicity test by bathing thenauplii in drugs. Since the larvae need tomove at that stage in order to find a placeto settle, the researchers measure howmuch of the drug they could handle with-out dying. If they stopped swimming, it wastoo much. They then expose cyprids—set-tlement stage larvae—to different concen-trations of drugs to see if they have anyeffect on its ability to settle. By combiningdata from the two tests, they were able tocome up with a therapeutic ratio—in otherwords, enough to kill the cyprids withoutkilling the nauplii.

So the same dose that is safe for nau-plii will kill a barnacle. But, what else will

it kill? Rittschof said that drugs have thepotential to be just as harmful to themarine environment as metals. Butbecause drug effects and fates are so wellstudied in humans, they should have pre-dictable lifetimes in the environment.

“In a drug, you know the most likelyplace on a molecule for a compound tobreak down,” he said. “You know how itinteracts with other compounds and youknow what’s been done to keep that fromhappening. There is just so much more ofa knowledge base because billions of dol-lars have been spent on building drugs.”

This summer, Rittschof presented apaper on his work at the 11th InternationalCongress on Marine Corrosion andFouling, an international scientific con-ference on the chemical and biologicaldeterioration of materials in the sea. Now,the team Rittschof advises is ready to startengineering the technology. To do that,they will be looking at the drug’s chemistryto see if it can be made compatible withexisting antifouling coatings.

Informed by the lessons of the past,Rittschof is hoping that he’ll have a headstart this time.

“The next round we’ll become muchmore specific in the way we work withthings,” he said. “If we really understandour chemistry, we shouldn’t have to goback to the drawing board.”

NUS tropical Marine Institutewww.tmsi.nus.edu.sg/World Wildlife Fund statement on tin coatingswww.worldwildlife.org/toxics/whatsnew/pr_25.htmInternational Maritime Organizationwww.imo.org/home.aspIndustry Antifouling sitewww.antifoulingpaint.com/default.asp

Tinker Ready is a health and science writer basedin Cambridge, Mass. She writes regularly forNature Medicine, the Utne Reader and theLos Angeles Times.

Jeanne Rittschof makes research notes.

sightingsA L U M N I P R O F I L E

A monthlong, cross-country camping trip with his

parents and two older sisters at the age of nine was

the start of a lifelong love affair with the out-of-doors

for Jim Miller MF ’70.“We started in Virginia and

camped to California and back,”reminisces the new

president of the Nicholas School’s Alumni Council.

Today, Miller crisscrosses the United States overseeing

trails, caves and outdoor ethics programs for the

USDA-Forest Service.

The Virginia native did his undergrad-uate work at William and Mary, thenheaded to Duke’s School of Forestry aspart of the 3/2 program. His three years atWilliam and Mary and two years at Dukeresulted in a bachelor of science degree inbiology and a master’s degree in forestryin five years. “I chose Duke because of thecombined degree program with Williamand Mary. There were other colleges anduniversities with similar programs, butDuke offered an extraordinary education.It was value for the dollar that I couldn’tpass up.”

Asked to recall his favorite Duke mem-ories, Miller confessed that “some aren’tprintable, but anyone from my era willremember the blue bus, ProfessorRalston’s cigarettes at the bottom of soiltesting holes, Dr. Stambaugh’s field tripsto western North Carolina and life atCameron before Coach K.” One particu-larly vivid memory involves a copperheadthat sat in on Dr. Fred White’s field dis-cussion. “The session was soon regroupedback on the road,” Miller said, laughing.

Following summer stints as a researchassociate for Dr. Ralston and as a wilder-ness aide in the Sierra National Forest,Miller worked for the National ParkService at Ford’s Theatre and The HouseWhere Lincoln Died. He then served in

the U.S. Army inGermany andlater became assis-tant post foresterat Fort A.P. Hillin Virginia. Hiswork as a foresterhas taken him tosome of thenation’s most dra-matic locationsincluding theTongass NationalForest in Alaskaand the SanBernardinoNational Forest inCalifornia. He currently serves as a mem-ber of the Recreation, Heritage andWilderness Resources staff at the nationalheadquarters of the USDA-Forest Servicein Washington, D.C.

“My work covers a lot of ground, and Ifind it interesting that as new programswith new names are developed, I keep say-ing ‘So what’s new? I learned that atDuke.’ I don’t mean that I learned it all,or that there are not new things to learn,but I believe that the basic concepts ofconsidering all environmental relation-ships were firmly in place during my stud-ies at Duke.”

“There is no question that the forestryprogram has changed at Duke. Todaythere is more emphasis on subjects thatwere not part of a traditional forestry edu-cation when I was in school. Those sub-jects are still important and are still avail-able, but I am glad that Duke is respond-ing to the times with new courses thataddress changes in business and society.”

Miller has served on the AlumniCouncil in various capacities since 1992and became president earlier this year.

His goals are to improve communicationwith alumni and to complete funding ofthe Alumni Fellowship Endowment thatwas launched by alumni in 1987. “TheAlumni Fellowship Endowment Fundprovides at least three scholarships everyyear, with one specifically earmarked for aminority student,” explains Miller. “I feelso strongly about the opportunities thefund provides that I contribute every yearin addition to my Annual Fund gift. I’vesat on the committee that awards these fel-lowships, and what I say to the recipientsis: Your fellowship is a gift from formerstudents who were once in your shoes. Wecare about you. When you get the chance,please respond in a similar manner if you can.”

Miller is married to Linda Miller andthey have two children, Kyle, 22, andKelley, 20. When not enjoying the greatoutdoors or coaching his girls’ recreation-al soccer team, Miller enjoys reading andcollecting model trains.

Jim Miller: A F O R E S T E R I N T H E N AT I O N ’ S C A P I T O L

Will

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22dukenvironment

Wood Artist Featured at Field Day 2002Alumni, faculty, staff, students and theirfamilies gathered April 13 in Duke Forestfor food, fellowship and traditionalforestry games as part of the University’sReunion Weekend.

A special feature of this year’s FieldDay was watching world-renowned woodartist, Clyde Jones of Bynum, N.C., cre-ate “critters” from wood using his chain-saw and recycled objects. “Clyde Critters”have been exhibited nationally, includingthe Smithsonian Institution and theNorth Carolina Museum of Art. They alsohave visited such diverse places as TheGreat Wall of China, San Francisco andTimes Square. Thanks to Jones’ generosi-ty, two pieces were auctioned to benefitthe Environmental Internship Fund.

Don’t miss next year’s festivities. Markyour calendar now for Saturday, April 12.

Krista Bofill Appointed Director of Alumni Affairs and the Annual FundKrista Bofill has joined the NicholasSchool as director of alumni affairs andthe annual fund. “We were delighted torecruit Krista,” said Associate Dean PeggyGlenn. “She comes to us after stints withengineering, arts and sciences, and theDuke Medical Center and brings a wealthof experience to the job.”

Bofill began her career at Duke in1994. She served as director of youngalumni, the annual fund and specialevents at the School of Engineering beforebecoming director of special events forArts and Sciences in 1997. In 2001, she

Artist Clyde Jones sculpts an alligator forthe crowd at Field Day 2002

sightingsA L U M N I B R I E F S

Class Notes

C.P. Patrick Reid MF ’66, Ph.D. ’68 was elected president of theNational Association of Professional Forestry Schools and Collegesfor a two-year term in January 2002. Reid is director and profes-sor in the School of Renewable Natural Resources at the Universityof Arizona in Tucson.

Adrian S. Juttner MF ’70 recently left the South DakotaDepartment of Agriculture where he worked as a forest pathologistin the Resource Conservation and Forestry Department. He alsopublished a paper on Mountain Pine Beetles edited by Dr. Paul A.Mistretta MF ’70. As Juttner wrote, “I got to try out some of myconcoctions on them—fascinating stuff!”

South Carolina is home for Beth W. Trump MF ’82, her husbandJohn and twin boys, Noah and Samuel. Trump does land manage-ment in Columbia for SCANA. For her 40th birthday, she treatedherself to an accelerated free fall sky dive!

Christine L. Tripp MEM ’92 is project manager with PlexusScientific Corp. in Alexandria, Va. where she facilitates a DoDbilateral Data Exchange Agreement (DEA) for EnvironmentalTechnology between the governments of the United States and Germany.

Laura A. Watt MEM ’92 finished her doctoral dissertation entitled“Managing Cultural Landscapes: Reconciling Local Preservationand Institutional Ideology in the National Park Service,” inDecember 2001 at the University of California at Berkeley. Thisspring she taught a class in environmental policy at Berkeley.

William E. Cleveland MEM ’93, his wife, Linda, and their twogirls, Alex and Hannah, now live in Shreveport, La. Bill is busyidentifying Class Agents for the upcoming Reunion in April2003. Any volunteers? Contact Bill.Cleveland@alumni.duke.edu

Jagdish Krishnaswamy MEM ’93, Ph.D. ’99 (EnvironmentalScience) has been a fellow with the Ashoka Trust for Research inEcology and the Environment (ATREE) in India since August,2001. He married Deepa in April, 2001.

Katharine C. Hetts MEM/MF ’94 is a fire use module leader for theU.S. Forest Service at Stanislaus National Forest in California. Shepasses along this message to classmates, “Out of the Maoist insur-gency and into the fire…”

Geoffrey R. Archer MEM ’95 and his wife went on a three-weekmotorcycle tour of New Zealand earlier this year (seewww.nzbike.com). Quoting Geoff, “Man, does that makeCalifornia look boring!” He would like to hear from hardwoodexperts or entrepreneurs (geoffarcher@yahoo.com).

Krista Bofill

became director of donor relations andspecial events at the Duke Medical Center.She also teaches a popular course on plan-ning special events for Duke’s ContinuingEducation Program.

Nicholas School Needs You to Serve as aClass AgentGraduates of 1938, 1943, 1948, 1953,1958, 1963, 1968, 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988,1993, 1998, make plans to return to campus April 11, 12, and 13 for your classreunion. Special activities will be offeredby both the Nicholas School (including aforestry forum and Field Day!) and DukeUniversity. Mark your calendars today.You will receive more information as thedate approaches.

Bill Cleveland, MEM’93, has offeredto coordinate identification of class agents. He will be calling many of you soon.However, if you want to volunteer

now, you can contact Cleveland at 318-868-6165 or by e-mail at bill.cleveland@alumni.duke.edu You can also call theOffice of Alumni Affairs and the AnnualFund at (919) 613-8035 or e-mail KristaBofill at k.bofill@duke.edu.

A L U M N I B R I E F S

The Class of 1992 gathers at Field Day: Frontrow, from left, Brad Dethero, Martha Papp

Sheils, Heather Potter, Lori Sutter, RikkiGrober, Jamie Gerlaugh, and Bill Cleveland;

back row, Brett Wood, Kevin Malloy, KayCarlson, Hudson Slay, Mark Forney, and

Robbie Brown.

Members of the Classes of 1966 and 1967gather at the Levine Science Research Centerfollowing a presentation by Dean William H.

Schlesinger. From left, Les Young, TimCreem, Luke Curtis, Bob Loomis, Charlie

Finley and Dave Bradford.

Mark L. Tukman MEM ’95 and his wife announce the birth of theirbaby girl, Olivia Lois Tukman, on Aug. 15.

Susanna Butler MEM ’96 and Rob Herrmann MEM ’97 were mar-ried at the Wolffer Estate Vineyard in Sagaponack, N.Y. on July 21,2001. In attendance were MEM 1997 graduates Thomas Grant,Edward Oswald, Jud Wolfe and Chad Wright, along with JuliaKertz-Grant MEM ’98. The couple are employed by En-ConsultantsInc., an environmental consulting firm in Southampton, N.Y.

David F. Burch MEM ’97, BS ’93 and his wife, Kerry Burch MEM ’96,have returned to Durham, N.C. to live. David is working for ICFConsulting (again) in Research Triangle Park and Kerry continuesto work for Ariel Research.

John M. Hall MEM ’95 and Vanessa Winter Hall MEM ’96 weremarried in April 2002 and now live in Alexandria, Va. whereVanessa works for Navigant.

In 1999, Lori E. Lacy MEM ’97 married Garrett P. Sonnier MEM ’97.They are living in Los Angeles where Lori works for Toyota MotorSales in the Environmental Coordination Office. Garrett is workingon his doctorate at the University of California-Los Angeles.

Whitney Wagamon MEM ’98 left her position with ParsonsTransportation Group on Aug. 1 and entered law school at GeorgeMason University in Arlington, Va.

James S. Koniuto MEM ’99 is working at AllWest EnvironmentalInc. in San Francisco, Calif. He wants Nicholas alumni to knowhis firm is looking for new staff to help clients understand andmanage potential environmental liabilities.

Tancred Buddie Miller MEM ’99 has joined the Sierra Club inRaleigh, N.C., as a conservation organizer. His son, Max, wasborn in October 2001.

Kimberly T. Murray MEM ’99 and her husband, Paul Kostovick,announce the birth of their son, Dylan Murray Kostovick, onMarch 7. Kimberly is working as a fishery biologist for theNational Marine Fisheries Service at the Northeast FisheriesScience Center in Woods Hole, Mass.

Kristopher A. Pickler MEM ’99 received his J.D. from UNC-Chapel Hill School of Law in May. He has joined the firm ofBuist, Moore, Smythe & McGee, P.A. in Charleston, S.C., as anassociate. He will practice corporate, coastal, environmental andreal estate law.

William E. (Rusty) Painter, Jr. MF ’00 is director of land protec-tion for the Conservation Trust for North Carolina, the statewideland trust and service provider for the network of local land trustsin North Carolina. He and his wife, Carrie, live in Durham.

Members of the Class of 1977 returned tothe Duke Marine Lab for their 25th

Reunion: Front row (from left), Mei LingYee, Professor Joe Bonaventura; second

row, Patti Krikorian Fowler, Debbie Henry,Neal Stahl, Chris Newgard, Sherri Cooper

(Zia and Anji), Julia Deal; and back row,Mike Bradley, Buck Henry, Jim Whitaker,

Peter Griffith, John Moses

24dukenvironment

F A C U L T Y & S T A F F N O T E S scopePresentations and Conferences

Robert Healy, professor of environmen-tal policy, gave a paper on “Non-Appropriation Methods for FinancingGovernment Protected Areas in NorthAmerica” to the annual meeting of theEnvironmental Studies Association ofCanada, Toronto, May 29.

Lynn A. Maguire, associate professorof the practice of environmental manage-ment, presented a paper, “Conservationand Invasive Species: Can DecisionAnalysis Help?”, at the annual meeting ofthe Society for Conservation Biology inCanterbury, England, in July.

On June 6, Michael K. Orbach,director of the Duke Marine Laboratoryand professor of the practice of marineaffairs and policy moderated a day-longsymposium in the U.S. House ofRepresentatives on “Coral Reefs at Risk:Challenges and Solutions.” This sympo-sium, part of Capitol Hill Oceans Weekand sponsored by the House OceansCaucus, featured presentations by coralreef scientists from around the world anda panel discussion involving members ofthe U.S. House of Representatives and theassistant secretaries of the Departments ofState, Interior and Commerce.

Daniel D. Richter, professor of soilsand forest ecology, delivered the ThirdAnnual Lyle Nelson Soil Science Lectureat Mississippi State University in Starkville,in February. The topic was soil acidity andacidification.

Richter and Duke Forest ManagerJudson Edeburn continued their involve-ment with the dual certification projectthrough the Southern Center forSustainable Forests. They participated in aconference in June on “ImplementingForest Certification: The Real Experienceby the First Dual-Certified State andUniversity Forests” in Raleigh, N.C

William H. Schlesinger, dean andJames B. Duke professor of biogeochem-istry, was the invited speaker for TheFourth Annual Patrick Lecture atLouisiana State University, Baton Rouge,La., April 30. His lecture was “GlobalFutures: Measuring Human Impacts onthe Biosphere.”

Schlesinger also presented the paper“The Global Carbon Cycle” at the SixthInternational Symposium on theGeochemistry of the Earth’s Surface,Honolulu, Hawaii, May 20-24, and againfor the British Society of Soil Science,London, June 28.

Martin D. Smith, assistant professorof environmental economics, presentedpapers at the following conferences overthe spring and summer: World Congressof Environmental and ResourceEconomists in Monterey, Calif.;American Agricultural EconomicsAssociation Annual Meetings in LongBeach Calif; Camp Resources X inWilmington. N.C.; and InternationalInstitute for Fisheries Economics andTrade in Wellington, New Zealand. At the latter he was co-organizer of a session called “Risk and Uncertainty inCapture Fisheries.”

Dharni Vasudevan, assistant professorof environmental chemistry, and associatein research, Ellen M. Cooper, presentedthe talk “Sorption of organic anions in

iron oxide rich soils: Role of soil P andAl,” at the symposium on Complexity atthe Water-Solid Interface: MineralSurfaces and Nanoparticles, Division ofGeochemistry, American ChemicalSociety National Conference, Orlando,Fla., April 2002.

Vasudevan also presented “Environmentalchemistry at the mineral-water interface:Implications of chemical fate and trans-port” at the Department of Inorganic andPhysical Chemistry, Indian Institute ofScience, Bangalore, India, July.

The Nicholas School had many partic-ipants at the Second World Congress ofEnvironmental and Resource Economistsin Monterey, Calif., June 24-27. Schoolfaculty in attendance were Randall A.Kramer, professor of resource and environmental economics, and Martin D.Smith, assistant professor of environmen-tal economics. Adjunct faculty presentwere, Subhrendu Pattanayak, ResearchTriangle Institute (RTI); Brian Murray(RTI); Carol Mansfield (RTI); and TomHolmes, United States Forest Service(USFS). Former doctoral and master’sstudents attending were Erin Sills (NCState); Priya Shyamsundar (World Bank);David Newman (University of Georgia);Tijen Arin (World Bank); Paul Ferraro(Georgia State); and Wolfram Sclenkler(UC Berkeley).

The Congress is sponsored by theAssociation of Environmental andResource Economists (AERE) and theEuropean Association of Environmentaland Resource Economists (EAERE), andis hosted by the Giannini Foundation ofAgricultural and Resource Economics atthe University of California at Berkeleyand Davis, together with the Donald Bren

Judson Edeburn

Randall Kramer

School of Environmental Science andManagement at the University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara.

Jonathan B. Wiener, associate profes-sor of law and of environment, presented“Comparing Precaution in the U.S. andEurope” at the Transatlantic Dialogue onthe Reality of Precaution: ComparingApproaches to Risk and Regulation,Warrenton,Va., June 14-15. The confer-ence was organized by the Duke Centerfor Environmental Solutions, theEuropean Commission and the GermanMarshall Fund.

On April 4, Wiener presented“Precaution” at Vanderbilt UniversitySchool of Law in Nashville, Tenn., and onMarch 1, at University of Colorado LawSchool in Boulder, Colo., he presented“Reconstructing Climate Policy.”

In Print

Paul A. Baker, professor of geology, co-authored “Early warming of tropicalSouth America at the Last Glacial-interglacial transition,” published in the journal Science, May 31.

James S. Clark, Hugo BlomquistProfessor of Biology and Earth and OceanSciences, has co-authored “Density-dependent mortality and the latitudinalgradient in species diversity,” published in Nature, June 13.

John W. Terborgh, James B. DukeProfessor of Environmental Science, hasco-authored “Beta-diversity in tropicalforest trees,” published in Science, Jan. 25.

Robert B. Jackson, associate professorof botany and of environment, is the leadauthor of “Ecosystem carbon loss withwoody plant invasion of grasslands,” published in Nature, Aug. 8.

Gabriel G. Katul, professor ofhydrology and professor of ecology, Ram Oren, and others are co-authors of the paper “Mechanisms of long-dis-tance dispersal of seeds by wind” which was published in the July 25 issue of thejournal Nature.

Professor of resource and environ-mental economics Randall A. Kramerco-authored with former master’s studentTijen Arin “Divers’ Willingness to Pay toVisit Marine Sanctuaries: An ExploratoryStudy,” 2002, for Ocean and CoastalManagement 45: 171-183. Kramer and graduate student Christopher Liese havepublished “Migration and Fishing inIndonesian Coastal Issues” in a specialJune issue of the Swedish journal Ambio. With graduate student Jonathan Eisen-Hecht, he published “A Cost-BenefitAnalysis of Water Quality Protection inthe Catawba Basin” in the Journal of the WaterResources Association.

Assistant professor of sedimentarygeology Lincoln Pratson is co-author of“The Shaping of Continental Slopes byInternal Tides,” with D.A. Cacchione andA.S. Ogston, published in the April 26issue of the journal Science.

Peter K. Haff, professor of geologyand civil and environmental engineeringand chair of the Division of Earth and OceanSciences, published “Neogeomorphology,”a discussion of the role of human as geologic agents, in the July 16 issue of EOS, a publication of the AmericanGeophysical Union.

Gabel Associate Professor of thePractice in Environmental Ethics andSustainable Environmental ManagementMarie Lynn Miranda, together withresearch associates Dana C. Dolinoy ,Mayra A. Overstreet have published“Mapping for Prevention: GIS Models for Directing Childhood Lead PoisoningPrevention Programs,” in the September2002 issue of Environmental Health Perspectives.

William H. Schlesinger, dean andJames B. Duke Professor of Biogeochemistryhas authored or contributed to the follow-ing published papers:• Schlesinger. W.H. 2002. “Biogeochemical

cycles”,“Biosphere,” “Desertification,”and “Nitrogen Cycle.” In A.S. Goudieand D.J. Cuff (eds.). The Encyclopedia of Global Change. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

• Hamilton, J.G., E.H. DeLucia, K. George, S.L. Naidu, A.C. Finzi, and W.H. Schlesinger. 2002. “Forest carbon balance under elevatedCO2.” Oecologia.

• Huenneke, L.F., J.P. Anderson, M. Remmenga, and W.H. Schlesinger.2002. “Desertification alters patterns of aboveground net primary productionin Chihuahuan ecosystems.” Global Change Biology.

• Powers, J.S. and W.H. Schlesinger.2002. “Geographic and vertical patternsof stable carbon isotopes in tropical rainforest soils of Costa Rica.” Geoderma.

• Schlesinger, W.H. 2002. “Inorganiccarbon and the global carbon cycle.” In R. Lal (ed.). Encyclopedia of Soil Science.Marcel Dekker Inc., New York.

Martin D. Smith, assistant professorof environmental economics, has two new publications:• Smith, M.D. and J.E. Wilen. 2002. “The

Marine Environment: Fencing the LastFrontier” in Review of Agricultural Economics.

• Klonsky, K. and M.D. Smith. 2002.Entry and Exit in California’s OrganicFarm Sector, in D.C. Hall and L.J.Moffitt, editors, Economics of Pesticides,Sustainable Food Production and Organic FoodMarkets, Advances in the Economics ofEnvironmental Resources. Volume 4, New York: Elsevier Science.

F A C U L T Y & S T A F F N O T E S

Lincoln Pratson

Peter Haff

26dukenvironment

Dharni Vasudevan, assistant professorof environmental chemistry, coauthoredthe following: Vasudevan, D., E.M.Cooper, and O.L. Van Exem. 2002.“Sorption-Desorption of ionogenic com-pounds at the mineral-water interface: Acomparison of metal oxide rich soils andpure phase minerals.” Environmental Scienceand Technology, 36, 501-511.

Jonathan B. Wiener, associate professor of law and of environment, has published the following: • Reconstructing Climate Policy. 2002.

Washington, D.C.: AEI Press (withRichard B. Stewart).

• “Sustainable Governance.” 2002. InJohn Martin Gillroy & Joe Bowersox,eds., The Moral Austerity of EnvironmentalDecisionmaking. Durham:Duke UniversityPress. pp.131-144.

• “Precaution in a Multirisk World.”2002. In Dennis Paustenbach, ed.,Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: Theory andPractice. John Wiley & Sons, pp.1509-1531.

• “Designing Global Climate Regulation.”2002. In Stephen Schneider, ArminRosencranz & John-O Niles, eds.,Climate Change Policy. Island Press.

Robert L. Wolpert, professor of sta-tistics and decision sciences and professorof the environment, has published thefollowing:• R.L. Wolpert. 2002. “Gamma func-

tion.” In Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, vol. 2 (AH El-Shaarawi and WW Piegorsch,eds.), J Wiley & Sons, 837-839.

• R.L. Wolpert. 2002. “L’evy processes.”In Encyclopedia of Environmetrics, vol. 2 (AH El-Shaarawi and WW Piegorsch,eds.), J Wiley & Sons, 1161-1164.

Memberships, Appointments,and Awards

Gary S. Hartshorn, professor of thepractice of tropical ecology and presidentand CEO of the Organization forTropical Studies (OTS) based at Duke, ispresident-elect of the American Instituteof Biological Sciences (AIBS) for 2002.AIBS is a federation of 87 professionalassociations and societies representingapproximately 240,000 biologists.Hartshorn will serve as president in 2003.

In July, professor of resource andenvironmental economics Randall A.Kramer was named to the WorldCommission on Protected Areas (WCPA).The WCPA is a group of protected areaexperts who promote the establishmentand effective management of a worldwiderepresentative network of terrestrial andmarine protected areas and provide adviceto the World Conservation Union(IUCN). While on sabbatical during thepast academic year, Kramer was a visitingscholar at the IUCN headquarters inGland, Switzerland. He has worked onprotected areas in the United States,Indonesia, Madagascar and Mozambique.

Michael K. Orbach, director of theDuke Marine Laboratory and professor ofthe practice of marine affairs and policy,has been elected to the National Board ofDirectors of the Surfrider Foundation.With 40,000 members in over 50 chapters in the United States and abroad,Surfrider is one of the largest and mosteffective coastal advocacy organizations inthe world. Orbach was elected in the fallof 2001 for a 3-year term beginning in 2002.

Daniel D. Richter, professor of soilsand forest ecology, will receive theExcellence in Presentation Award duringthe Annual Meeting of the Soil ScienceSociety of America (SSSA) this comingNovember. The award is for the talk “How Acidic Were Forest Soils in theSouthern Piedmont in 1800?” thatRichter presented at the 2000 SSSAmeeting in Minneapolis.

Kathryn Saterson, research scientistin the division of environmental sciencesand policy and executive director of the Duke Center for EnvironmentalSolutions, was elected secretary of theBoard of Governors for the Society forConservation Biology. Her term runsthrough 2005.

Robert L. Wolpert, professor of sta-tistics and decision sciences and professorof the environment, was selected by theInstitute of Mathematical Statistics as2002 Medallion Lecturer. He also hasbeen selected to the International Societyfor Bayesian Analysis Board of Directors.

Jonathan B. Wiener, associate profes-sor of law and of environment, has beennamed a University Fellow of Resourcesfor the Future, Washington D.C., through2005, and also was elected to the govern-ing Council of the Society for RiskAnalysis, 2001-04.

F A C U L T Y & S T A F F N O T E S scope

Robert Wolpert

Gary Hartshorn

Kathryn Saterson

Sullivan and Tukman Families Create Forestry ProfessorshipSynergy is defined as the interaction of two or more forces so thattheir combined effect is greater than the sum of their individualeffects. The word also can be used to define the Nicholas School,which was created by a synergy of disciplines in 1991.

Today, a synergy of two devoted Nicholas School families, theSullivans and the Tukmans, has created the KorstianProfessorship with a combined gift of $1 million to be matched bythe Nicholas Faculty Leadership Initiative for a total commitmentof $1.5 million. Named in honor of the late Clarence Korstian,the professorship itself is a synergy of two important disciplines—forest resource management and environmental economics andpolicy. Korstian was the first director of the Duke Forest, the firstdean of the School of Forestry, president of the Society ofAmerican Foresters and the Ecological Society of America, andthe author of a groundbreaking textbook entitled, The Ecological Basisof Silviculture.

The Sullivan family—Raymond E. Sullivan T’26, JamesMadison “Matt” Sullivan, John Vance Sullivan MF’86, and JamesBlake Sullivan MF’89—are stalwart supporters of forestry at Duke.The elder Sullivan’s will created the Raymond E. Sullivan Trust,

which continues to support the Nicholas School. Matt Sullivanestablished the John and Blake Sullivan Endowment fund in 1987for the School of Forestry and Environmental Studies in honor ofhis sons. “My father was a pioneer in conservation and under-stood the worth of the land long before it was widespread,” saidMatt Sullivan. “Land was a liability in the south in the 1930s and40s due to taxes, but he had a vision of turning wasteland intostands of pine plantations. His goal, to plant 1 million pineseedlings per year, was far exceeded by the 40 million plantedprior to his death. My father wanted to leave the land better thanit was when he acquired it, a feat he certainly accomplished. Thetradition continues today with his grandson, Blake Sullivan, man-aging the family land.”

“As third generation foresters, John and I both benefitedfrom our master of forestry degrees,” said Blake Sullivan, presi-dent of Sullivan Forestry Consultants in Americus, GA.“Establishing the Korstian Professorship guarantees that futuregenerations will continue to receive superb instruction in forestryat the Nicholas School.”

The Tukman family—Mel and Lois Tukman and Mark LeeTukman F’95—issued the challenge for a professorship in forestry

John, Matt, and Blake Sullivan

C A M P A I G N N E W S nature& nurture

Lois, Mark Lee, and Mel Tukman

Nicholas School Goal

$60 million$58 million raised

Campaign Update

As of Sept. 27, when this magazine went to press,the Campaign for Duke stood at $1.9 billion towardits goal of $2 billion.

At this same time, the Nicholas School stood at $58 million toward its goal of $60 million.The school thanks the thousands of individuals,foundations and corporations who have made thissuccess possible.

28dukenvironment

C A M P A I G N N E W S nature& nurture

and are delighted to see their dreambecome a reality. “After Mark’s graduateexperience, we wanted to support Duke,”said Mel Tukman. “With Mark’s interestand career focus on forestry, we wanted to add power to Duke’s historic forestrystrength. Deans Christensen and Schlesingerwere totally behind the idea. We’re excitedto contribute to the Nicholas School’sfuture in this way.”

Dean William Schlesinger concurs withthe goals of both families. “The creationof the Korstian Professorship was a semi-nal moment for the Nicholas School. Byblending the strong tradition of forestry atDuke with a focus on regional, global, andeconomic issues, our faculty and studentswill have an immediate and lasting impacton sustainable forestry and the policy andmanagement issues facing foresters todayand in the future.”

Daniel D. Richter Jr., professor ofsoils and forest ecology and co-director of

the Southern Center for SustainableForests agrees, “Forests support humanityand the environment in ways we often takefor granted. Though forests are typicallyundervalued, they provide an array ofbenefits essential to our daily lives includ-ing wood-fiber products, and high qualitywater, wildlife habitat, and recreationalopportunities. Throughout the world, the future of forest ecosystems depends on well-educated professionals who cancreatively apply scientific principles andever more sophisticated plans and man-agement regimes. There is no doubt thatthe Korstian Professorship will have a majorbeneficial impact on the future of forests.”

“On behalf of the entire Duke Universitycommunity, I want to thank the Sullivanand Tukman families most warmly fortheir enlightened support of the NicholasSchool through the establishment of theKorstian Professorship,” said DukeUniversity president Nan Keohane.

“Institutions of higher education arecharacterized as ‘great’ for many reasons.One of the most profound, and mostenduring, is transformative and stimulat-ing teaching. This generous gift helpsensure that such teaching will continue atthe Nicholas School for many generationsto come.”

Duke University has been a force in forestry education and research since1938, and today is one of the few institu-tions so well equipped to provide solidleadership in decisions affecting ourforested landscapes. Two research centers,The Southern Center for SustainableForestry and The Forest, Soil and WaterLab, are working full-time on forestryissues, and employers in the forest prod-ucts industry consistently comment thatNicholas School graduates are among thebest trained in the field.

In exchange for a gift of $10,000 or more, Duke canoffer you (or you and another named beneficiary) afixed annual income for life.Your ages, your financialneeds, and current interest rates determine the annuityrate Duke can offer.

Some sample rates:Your Age Annuity*

60 6.2%70 7.0%75 7.7%Your Ages Annuity*

70/68 6.3%75/73 6.7%

*Annuity rates are subject to change.Once your gift is made,the annuity rate remains fixed.

The staff members of the Nicholas School Office ofExternal Affairs are available to consult with you or youradvisers about planned giving opportunities that bene-fit you and the School.

For further information, contact us:

Nicholas School, Office of External Affairs, A233, LSRCBox 90328, Durham, NC 27708-0328tel: (919) 613-8003 • fax: (919) 613-8077email: anita.brown@duke.edu • www.env.duke.edu

A Charitable Annuity: The Gift That Pays

Anita Brown Named New Director of Major GiftsAnita Brown has joined the Nicholas School as director of major gifts. Brown comes tothe school after serving 17 years at Duke, most recently holding the position of seniordirector of development at Duke Law School. During her Law School tenure, Brownhelped plan and direct two successful capital campaigns, the latest of which topped the $55million goal in June of this year.

She holds a bachelor of arts degree in economics from the University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill, where she graduated with highest distinction and was elected toPhi Beta Kappa.

“Anita has a great deal of experience in helping donors make the gift they want tomake, but might not know how to structure,” said Sally Kleberg, chair of the school’s cap-ital campaign. “I encourage anyone who wants to maximize income and/or tax benefitswhile making a gift to the school to talk with Anita.”

C A M P A I G N N E W S

Anita Brown

Thanks to the generosity of alumni, faculty,staff, and friends of founding dean andprofessor of ecology, Norman L. “Norm”Christensen Jr., the Christensen scholar-ship fund has surpassed the $1 millionmark. “Leading the Nicholas School wasan honor,” said Christensen. “Knowingthat a Christensen scholar will forevergrace the halls of the school is the greatesthonor of all. I sincerely thank everyonewho made this scholarship possible.”

Donors to the fund wanted a scholarnamed as quickly as possible, and manyaccelerated their pledge payments duringthe past year. The first recipient, ArthurFisher, entered the Nicholas School thisfall to study resource ecology.

Fisher is a 2001 graduate of Dartmouth.Excellent academic recommendationsreflect his intelligence, scholarship, strongwork ethic, independent thinking andcommitment. At Dartmouth, he wasselected from among a competitive pool ofapplicants to study in Africa where heconducted research and lived in theAfrican bush. An experienced fieldresearcher, he spent the summers of 2000and 2001 on Mount Rainier. Morerecently, he worked for the CaliforniaDepartment of Fish and Game where hehas done complex field surveys, earningthe comment from a supervisor that “he

did an excellent job ofanalyzing and prepar-ing a summary of theinformation."

Most recently,Fisher was an envi-ronmental and out-door educator teach-ing a coastal commu-nities program tochildren at the DonLee Center in Arapahoe, N.C. Arthursaid that he is interested in the interrela-tion of species, and in the relationship ofhumans to these natural communities. “Ibelieve that a Nicholas School educationwill give me the foundation I need tobegin a career in environmental manage-ment, whereby I can use my knowledge ofecosystems to conserve the earth’s wildlifewhile still allowing humans to meet ourresource needs.”

Much like Fisher, applicants to theNicholas School of the Environment comefrom diverse backgrounds and are amongthe most highly qualified and promisingstudents. Competition among schools forthe best students is steadily increasing andfinancial aid is often the deciding factorfor prospective students. Cynthia Peters,director of enrollment services, said,“Increasing educational costs and substan-

tial undergraduate debts often impact astudent’s academic and career decisions.The generosity of the ChristensenScholarship is one way to alleviate a con-straint that might otherwise push a studentto select another school or career.” Oneof the highest priorities for the NicholasSchool in the Campaign for Duke is toincrease resources for student financialaid. “Awards of $2,500 to $5,000 peryear can often persuade a student tomatriculate at Duke rather than at a com-petitive peer institution. Our impact onthe nation’s environmental problems willbe greatest if we can continue to enroll thebest and brightest.”

For additional information aboutscholarships, fellowships or other fundingopportunities, contact Anita Brown,director of major gifts, at 919-613-8019or anita.brown@duke.edu.

Scholarship recipient Arthur Fisher with Norman L. Christensen Jr.

Christensen Scholarship Reaches $1 Million

30dukenvironment

A N N U A L F U N D N E W S nature& nurtureGift Club Members Enjoy Second BeaufortExperience WeekendMore than 50 Gift Club members andtheir families joined faculty and staff at the Duke Marine Lab on July 19-21 for the second annual Beaufort ExperienceWeekend. Activities included a dinnerreception with faculty on Friday night,presentations by faculty and students on Saturday morning, a field trip to Cape Lookout and trawling with Professor William Kirby-Smith aboard the R/V Susan Hudson on Saturday afternoon,and a seafood feast on Saturday evening.The weekend was topped off with a farewell brunch on Sunday morning.

Presentations by Stephen A. TothProfessor Larry Crowder and doctoralcandidate Damon Gannon were highlightsof the weekend according to many guests.“Mystepson, Capt’n ‘Bucky’ Trujillo, spentmany years as a commercial fisherman,”said James E. Lee T’51 MF’52. “Both of uswere fascinated by the Lab’s latest researchon sea turtles and dolphins. It was a newperspective on some of the issues facingthe fishing industry. We both learned a lotand enjoyed the weekend tremendously.”

Children’s activities included a specialtour of the Duke Marine Lab led by Dana

Wusinich MEM ’02, a discussion of sword-fish, sharks and sailfish in the Marine Lab’scollection, and fun in the sand and surf atCape Lookout. “Going out on the boat andthe sea turtle talk were my favorite things,”reported Carl Ward, age 9. “Body surfingwith Dr. (Michael) Orbach was mine,” saidLaura Brown, age 10.

The Beaufort Experience Weekend isone of the ways we say ‘thanks’ to theschool’s many friends who support theAnnual Fund at a Gift Club level,” saidAssociate Dean Peggy Glenn. Gift Clubmemberships range from $500 to$25,000 and provide support for fellow-ships, lab supplies, software and studentresearch. Young alumni are eligible to jointhe Korstian or Pearse societies at a specialrate of $100.

“The best part of my Duke experiencewas the semester I spent at the MarineLab. It was great to be able to share thisexperience with my wife and children,”said Dr. Scott Litofsky T’81.

The next Beaufort ExperienceWeekend will be held July 25-27, 2003.For more information, contact CarolDahm at cdahm@duke.edu or 919-613-8001.

The R/V Susan Hudson pulls away from thedock on Beaufort Experience Weekend.Dolphins caught up later.

Duke Marine Lab Director Mike Orbachdescribes the lab’s small boats programbefore moving on to major research vessels.

Pete Brucato T ’78, MA’80, Ph.D. ’88and son Peter, age 7, surfing the waves atCape Lookout. The Brucato family trav-eled from Upstate New York to attend theweekend event.

Check Out New Nicholas School Mechandise You can now buy Nicholas School promotionalmaterials and apparel online. It’s as easy as goingto www.env.duke.edu/nicholasstore

gift clubs

A N N U A L F U N D N E W S

Duke University Gift Club Levels

William Preston Few AssociationPresident’s Executive Council$25,000 Minimum Gift

President’s Council$10,000 Minimum Gift

Few Associates$5,000 Minimum Gift

Washington Duke ClubWashington Duke Club Fellow$2,500 Minimum Gift

Washington Duke Club Member$1,000 Minimum Gift

Washington Duke Young AlumniMemberDuke UniversityUndergraduates 5-9 years post-graduationmay join for $300. Duke Universityundergraduates 0-4 years post-graduationmay join for $100.

Clarence F. Korstian Society$500 or more to the Nicholas School ofthe Environment

A.S. Pearse Society$500 or more to the Duke UniversityMarine Laboratory

Nicholas School Young Alumni MemberIndividuals who have graduated from theNicholas School of the Environment inthe last four years may join the Korstianor Pearse Society for $100.

Nicholas School Gift Club BenefitsIn gratitude for the financial support pro-vided to the Nicholas School by gift clubmembers, we offer these tokens of ourappreciation in addition to benefits pro-vided by the university.

William Preston Few Association • Invitation to special lecture and dinner

in Washington, D.C.• Invitation to Beaufort Experience

Weekend• Annual synopsis of faculty publications• Nicholas School bookmark• Luggage tags• Listing in Dukenvironment Magazine

Washington Duke Club• Invitation to Beaufort Experience

Weekend• Annual synopsis of faculty publications• Nicholas School bookmark• Luggage tags• Listing in Dukenvironment Magazine

Korstian and Pearse Societies• Invitation to Beaufort Experience

Weekend• Annual synopsis of faculty publications• Luggage tags• Listing in Dukenvironment Magazine

• that it would require $12 million in endow-ment funds to produce the $625,000 that theAnnual Fund will provide to the Nicholas schoolin 2002-2003?

• that the Annual Fund provides more than$ 375,000 in tuition assistance to students each year?

• that the Annual Fund benefits every level ofthe school from field trips for undergraduates,to conference travel for graduate students,to special career workshops for professional

students?

• that it will take gifts from more than 2000alumni, parents, and friends for the school toreach its Annual Fund goal in the 2002-2003 academic year?

“The Annual Fund provides thediscretionary support the schoolneeds to attract the best students, tooffer special programs and to reactquickly to unanticipated opportuni-ties. I hope every graduate, every par-ent and every friend will join me insupporting the Annual Fund beforeJune 30, 2003,”said DickHeintzelman MF’69, chair of theschool’s Annual Fund. “We are intough economic times, and every giftwill make a difference.”

did you know?

$25,000 +Mrs. Jamee J. FieldMr. Marshall Field VMr. George C. HixonMrs. Karen HixonSalisbury Community FoundationMr. Bradford Graham Stanback T’81

$10,000 to $24,999AnonymousFidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundMr. F. Daniel Gabel Jr. T’60Mrs. Margaret Booker Gabel WC’60Mrs. Sandra Taylor KaupeDr. Anne B. Mize WC’68Muchnic Foundation, Inc.Progress EnergyMrs. Nancy Aikens Rich WC’69Mr. Simon B. Rich Jr. T’67Mr. Douglass F. RohrmanMrs. Susan E. RohrmanMrs. Nellie M. Semans T’90 T’91Mr. Truman T. SemansMrs. Nancy Watkins Sommer WC’52Mr. Wayne Freeman Wilbanks T’82

$5,000 to $9,999Mr. Edward H. Benenson T’34Edward H. Benenson FoundationMrs. Ann Douglas Cornell T’75Mr. Timothy J. Creem F’66Mr. Hugh CullmanMrs. Nan CullmanMr. Bruce Cummings T’91Mrs. Myrna P. Cummings WC’60Mr. Gary W. DicksonDunspaugh-Dalton FoundationGE Capital Financial Inc.Mr. John S. Hahn T’74Mr. Richard G. Heintzelman F’69Mr. William A. Lane Jr. T’44Dr. J. Thomas McMurray E’76 G’78 G’80Mr. Brent Stephenson Mills T’86Mrs. Bettye Martin Musham N’54Mr. John C. ReidMrs. Paula P. ReidMs. Lisa Dellwo SchlesingerDean William H. SchlesingerMr. Bartow Solomon Shaw Jr. F’64Mrs. Anne ShepherdDr. Thomas A. Shepherd T’61Syngenta Crop Protection Inc.Wilbanks, Smith and Thomas Associates

$2,500 to $4,999Mrs. Claire L. Arnold Mr. H. Ross Arnold III T’67 L’70 L’76Mrs. Claire M. Barry WC’68Mr. Thomas R. Barry T’67Dr. Margaret Rouse Bates WC’63

Dr. Robert Hinrichs BatesDr. Willis E. Brown III T’74Mrs. Mabel Bugg Mr. Kenneth Harold Close T’81Dr. Elisabeth Stanger Cook T’73Dr. Russel C. Cook T’72Mr. Brian G. Davies T’83Mr. David W. DouglasMrs. Deborah S. Douglas T’73Mrs. Annette H. Gingher WC’44Mrs. Audrey GorterMr. James P. GorterGorter Family FoundationMs. Lynn Ellen Gorguze T’81Dr. Melinda M. Hall T’79Mr. C. Howard Hardesty Jr. T’43Mr. Richard E. Hug T’56 F’57Dr. James A. Marsh Jr. T’63Mr. Jay R. Miller Jr.Mr. Scott Harvey Peters T’80Mrs. Celia A. Roady T’73 L’76Mr. Stephen Elston Roady L’76Mrs. Anne G. SalengerDr. Gary H. Salenger T’62Dr. Evelyn Rivers Wilbanks G’56Dr. George D. Wilbanks T’53 M’56Ms. Laura Z. Zimmerman WC’67

$1,000 to $2,499Mrs. Elsa Ayers Mrs. Mary BierlyMr. Richard H. BierlyMrs. Jeanne Miles BlackburnDr. John O. Blackburn T’51Mr. James E. Blanchard T’75Blasland, Bouck & Lee Inc.Mrs. Henry Maddrey Booke WC’56Dr. Philip L. Brewer T’58Dr. Margo A. Brinton WC’66Mr. David S. BrodyMrs. Laura BrodyBrody Brothers FoundationMr. Michael D. Chenard F’97 Dr. Norman L. ChristensenMr. William E.S. Cleveland F’93 B’93Community Foundation of Western

North CarolinaDr. Edwin B. Cooper Jr. T’64 M’66 Mrs. Mary Wooten Cooper WC’64Dr. Sherri Rumer Cooper T’78Mr. Bryan Nicholas Danforth T’83Dr. Luckett Vanderford Davis G’58 G’62Dr. Sylvia A. Earle G’56 G’66 GHON’93Mr. Thomas Kleberg Espy T’94Mr. Herbert EversMrs. May EversMr. John M. FinleyMrs. Susan E. Jones Finley WC’66Mrs. Judith Davis Fort WC’55Mrs. Joyce B. Franke G’88

Dr. Philip N. Froelich Jr. T’68Dr. John T. Garbutt Jr.Dr. Arthur J. Garceau T’50

In honor of Julie GarceauMr. Cambridge F. GlennMrs. Peggy Dean GlennMr. Harvey J. Goldman T’68Mrs. Judy GoldmanMr. Cecil GoodnightMs. N. Allison Haltom WC’72Mrs. Diane Jane Hardy WC’67Mr. Robert G. Hardy T’66Mrs. Marilyn Agnes Harrison WC’71Ms. Mary Price Taylor Harrison T’80Mr. R. Keith Harrison Jr. E’70Mrs. Hope L. HetheringtonMr. John W. HetheringtonMr. Christian R. Holmes IVMs. Kathryn Boeckman Howd T’79Mr. and Mrs. Oscar A. Keller IIIMr. James M. Kellogg T’65Mrs. Sally Anne Kellogg WC’65President Nannerl Overholser KeohaneMs. Sally Searcy Kleberg WC’66

In honor of friendsMr. Frank D. KoranMrs. Willa Church Koran WC’46Dr. Kathryn W. Kranbuhl T’96Mr. James E. Lee T’51 F’52Dr. N. Scott Litofsky T’81Mrs. Marie T. Lott WC’72Dr. David R. McClayMrs. Ann S. MicaraCapt. Francis A.E. Micara T’44Mr. Joseph H. Moreng Jr. E’64Moreng Telecom Products L.L.C.Mr. Mark D. Myers T’80Mr. James Robert Nicol T’79 F’82Mrs. Lisa K. E. Nicol F’83Mr. Hideaki OgasawaraMrs. Esther B. Pardue WC’62Mr. Leonard G. Pardue III T’61Dr. Kristian Kenneth Parker G’00Mrs. Carolyn K. Penny WC’57Mr. Wade H. Penny Jr. T’57 L’60Mr. Richard Leon Prager T’81Mrs. Elizabeth B. Reid WC’53Mrs. Pearl F. Schechter T’68Mr. Sol Schechter T’68Mr. Robert L. Schwarz T’41Dr. Ronald J. Slinn G’69Mrs. Margaret Obermeier Spangler WC’45S.P.U.Mrs. Katherine Goodman Stern WC’46Mr. David James Stout F’86Mr. Peter Wetherill StrohDr. Isabel Combs Stuebe WC’64Mr. William Henry StuebeThe Hon. and Mrs. Frank Sullivan Jr.Mrs. Edwin K. Thrower WC’60

Dr. Reade Yates Tompson G’45Mrs. Sarah Bond Tompson N’45 N’47Mr. Stephen P. Upham Jr. T’43Dr. Roberta G. Williams WC’63Winston-Salem FoundationDr. Douglas Charles Wolf T’75Dr. Richard John Zaino M’75Mrs. Sarah M. Zaino T’74Mr. Alfred T. Zodda Jr. T’68

$500 to $999Mr. Robert Ryoichi Ando E’73 Mr. C. Leland Bassett E’59 Mr. Lawrence Barry Benenson T’89 Dr. Brent F. Blackwelder T’64 Mrs. Teresa S. Blackwelder WC’70 Dr. Peter Francis Brucato Jr. T’78 G’80 G’88 Ms. Kathryn Ash Carlson F’92 Mr. James A. Cavenaugh Jr. E’56 Mrs. Emma Suyapa U. Cazier T’83 Mrs. Eugenia W. CollinsMr. William A. Collins Community Foundation of Greater Memphis Mrs. Elizabeth H. Conner WC’39 Mr. Robert W. Conner E’37 Ms. Josephine S. Cooper B’77 Mr. Alexander Thayer Davison T’49 F’50 Mrs. Mary Cline Davison N’47 Dr. Eric Desman T’86 Dr. Robert Eaton Deyle F’77 Durham Neurology, PLLC Mr. D.J.K. Elliott Bishop Robert W. Estill Dr. Shauna Tilly Farmer T’86 M’90 Dr. Thomas Hackney R. Farmer T’85 M’90 Mr. William Francis Mr. Charles Lee Gallegos T’73 Mr. Anthony F. Garvin T’84 B’89 Mrs. Kelly Gettinger Mr. Robert Howard Gettinger T’77 Walter and Lillian Gettinger Foundation Mrs. Tandy J. Gilliland G’57 Dr. Charles A. Gresham G’72 G’75 Mrs. Hana Hakim Dr. Jamal A. Hakim T’83 Mr. Christopher L. Hale F’00 L’00 Mrs. Constance Mackey Harley WC’49 G’54 Dr. Eugene L. Harley M’57 Dr. Wayne Lee Harper T’74 M’78 Mr. Eric Lynn Hiser L’89 G’89 Dr. Patricia Lynn Jolie F’81 Mr. Konrad C. Kaltenborn T’76 Dr. Albert William Klein G’73 Mr. Kenneth H. Krieger Mr. Paul F. Krueger T’76 Dr. David J. Lakin T’86 Mrs. Karen Lum Lakin T’86 Mrs. Karen Bowers Lazar T’78 Mr. David Peter Lazar Sr. T’79 Mrs. Laura B. Leslie T’80

A N N U A L F U N D H O N O R R O L L

32dukenvironment

The Nicholas School of the Environment and Earth Sciences wishes to thank all of the alumni, parents and friends who generously contributed to the Nicholas School and

Marine Laboratory Annual Funds. Your ongoing support plays a vital role in the continuing success of our students, faculty and School programs. This list recognizes gifts made

to the Annual Fund from July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2002. Annual Fund gifts are also included in the Nicholas School goal for The Campaign for Duke.

2001 - 2002 ANNUAL FUND HONOR ROLL

CAMPAIGN HONOR ROLL

The Nicholas School of the Environment andEarth Sciences wishes to acknowledge theextraordinary generosity of its alumni, parents,friends and members of its volunteer leadershipboards. As of September 27, 2002, the Schoolhad reached the $58 million mark toward itsgoal of $60 million. This list recognizes giftstotaling $1,000 or more made to the NicholasSchool and the Duke University MarineLaboratory since the start of the Campaign forDuke through July 15, 2001.

*Deceased

$20 million & upMr. Peter M. Nicholas T'64 Mrs. Ruth Lilly Nicholas WC'64

$ 2 million - $19.9 millionAnonymousDoris Duke Charitable FoundationOak FoundationEstate of Mr. Raymond E. Sullivan T'26

$ 1 million - $1.9 millionAnonymous (2) Coca-Cola FoundationMr. Frederick Daniel Gabel Jr. T'60 Mrs. Margaret Ann Gable WC'60Pew Charitable TrustsMrs. Nellie M. Semans Mr. Truman T. Semans Sr.Alfred P. Sloan FoundationMr. Edward W. Snowdon *Ms. LaDane Williamson WC'70

$500,000 - $999,999Mrs. Anne T. Bass Mr. Robert M. Bass Mr. Richard E. Hug T'56 F'57Mrs. Alice M. Stanback WC'53Mr. Fred J. Stanback Jr. T'50

$250,000 - $499,999Mr. Timothy J. Creem F'66Mr. Bruce Cummings Mrs. Myrna P. Cummings WC'60Mr. George C. Hixon Mrs. Karen Hixon

$100,000 - $249,999AnonymousEstate of Dr. J. Ann F. Angell EC'44 M'49Ms. Elizabeth B. Duncan WC'49Mrs. Jamee J. Field Mr. Marshall Field VMr. Jeffrey Lund Gendell T'81Mrs. Martha P. GendellMr. C. Howard Hardesty Jr. T'43Mrs. Sandra Taylor KaupeMr. Thomas W. Keesee Jr. T'35 *Ms. Sally Searcy Kleberg WC'66Estate of Ms. Carol L. Learmont WC'49Dr. J. Thomas McMurray E'76 G'78 G'80Mrs. Nancy Aikens Rich WC'69Mr. Simon B. Rich Jr. T'67Mrs. Anne G. Salenger Dr. Gary H. Salenger T'62Mr. Bartow Solomon Shaw Jr. F'64Mrs. Anne ShepherdDr. Thomas A. Shepherd T'61 Mr. Bradford Graham Stanback T'81Mr. Peter Wetherill Stroh *Dr. John W. TerborghMrs. Carolyn ThomasMr. Norwood A. Thomas Jr. T'55 * Dr. Reade Yates Tompson G'45 Mrs. Sarah Tompson N'45 N'47Mr. John J. WallMrs. Mary WallMr. James Edgar West F'54

$50,000 - $99,999Mr. William W. Chandler T’79Mr. William E. S. Cleveland F'93 B'93Ms. Evelyn P. DunnMr. Richard G. Heintzelman F'69Mr. George W. Hill Jr. *Mrs. Mary HillMrs. Margaret L. KeonMiss Shelba Glenn Pew G'41Mrs. Elizabeth B. Reid WC'53Mr. Douglass F. Rohrman T'63Mrs. Susan RohrmanMrs. Jody SitzMs. Frances M. Tanaka Mr. Christopher M. WidellMr. Wayne Freeman Wilbanks T'82Ms. Jody Wolfe

Mr. Byron C. Lynch Jr.Mrs. Martha Y. Martinat WC’46 Mrs. Gail Swinger McCormick T’73 Mr. Bill McCulla Mrs. Joan C. McCulla WC’53 Mr. Brian Neil McDonald F’84 Mr. Michael D. McKenzie T’70 Mrs. Kristen H. Monahan T’82 Ms. Barbara H. Morris N’78 Mrs. Thelma Stevens Mrazek WC’52 Dr. Elizabeth R. Myers T’76 Mr. Billy B. Olive E’48 Dr. Brian R. Payne F’62 Mr. Rodney Dean Priddy G’91 Ms. Merry G. Rabb T’77 G’80 Mr. Scott Frederick Rehmus T’92 Dr. Wingfield Ellis Rehmus M’96 Dr. David Allen Renken T’83 Ms. Katherine Kimball Richmond T’90 Dr. Edward M. Riegel T’77 Mr. John David Ross Jr. T’92

In memory of Charles B. Wade Jr. T’38Dr. Ellen L. Sakornbut T’76 Dr. Clifford L. Sayre Jr. E’47 Mr. Nicholas P. Schliapin F’77 Schwab Fund for Charitable Giving Mr. Truman Thomas Semans Jr. T’90 B’01 Mrs. Catherine H. Sheafor T’88 Dr. Douglas Houston Sheafor T’88 Mr. W. Mason Shehan T’37 Mr. R. Tom Shontz Jr. G’72 Dr. Mary S. Soo Dr. Michael Landron Soo T’83 Mr. James Anthony Spangler II F’89 Mr. James Allan Trofatter T’83 Mr. Norman A. Varney Jr. T’73 Dr. Evan Vosburgh T’77 Dr. Frederick Vosburgh T’72 G’78 Dr. Eric Russell Ward T’82 Mr. Alan Roy Weiskopf Mrs. Leslie Weiskopf Dr. Lynne Dawson Werner T’78 Mr. Nelson Paige Will F’60 Ms. Annette Williamson T’81

Young Alumni Members of theKorstian/Pearse SocietiesMrs. Romi I. Gottfrid F’97 Dr. Peter Hobart Jipp G’97Mr. Anthony Jason Karas B’97 Mr. Eric Todd Levy T’97 Mrs. Nancy D. Ragland Perkins T’93 F’97

Under $500The Nicholas School greatly appreciates thegenerous donations from all its supporters. Inorder to conserve paper and resources, all giftsin this category can be viewed online at:www.env.duke.edu.

Thank you for your continued support of theNicholas School.

Every effort was made to ensure the accuracy ofour Honor Roll. We regret any errors or omis-sions that may have occurred and ask that youbring them to our attention immediately bycalling Carol Dahm at 919-613-8001 or e-mail-ing her at cdahm@duke.edu

Institutional Supporters

American Meteorological SocietyBig Rock Blue Marlin TournamentBrookhaven National LaboratoriesCase Western Reserve UniversityCIIT Centers For Health ResearchThe Conservation FundCouncil for Tobacco Research USA IncConservation Food & Health Foundation Inc.Conservation FundConservation InternationalDolphin Ecology Project Inc.Earth Justice Legal Defense Fund Inc.Environmental Defense FundEnvironmental Research Institute

of MichiganForest History Society

Humane Society of the United StatesNational Academy Of SciencesNational Geographic SocietyThe Nature ConservancyNew England AquariumNorth Carolina Biotechnology CenterOceana, Inc.Pinchot Institute For ConservationPrimate Conservation, Inc.Seattle Pacific UniversitySNS EnergyS.P.U.Swansboro Rotary ClubTexas A & M Research FoundationWesley Memorial United Methodist ChurchWoods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionWorld Wildlife FundYeshiva University

34dukenvironment

$10,000 - $49,999Marcia Angle and Mark Trustin Fund of the

Triangle Community FoundationMrs. Elsa AyersMr. Jere A. Ayers Mrs. Claire M. Barry WC'68Mr. Thomas R. Barry T'67 Dr. Margaret Rouse Bates WC'63Dr. Robert Hinrichs BatesMr. Charles B. Benenson Mr. Edward H. Benenson T'34Mr. Lawrence Barry Benenson T'89 Dr. Andrew R. Biederman T'76Mr. Charles F. Blanchard T'45 L'49Mr. James E. Blanchard T'75Mr. Arthur M. BlankMr. Andrew Lane Brill G'96Mrs. Brenda B. BrodieDr. H. Keith H. BrodieDr. Willis E. Brown III T'74Dr. Charles P. Bugg Jr. T'47 * Mrs. Mabel Bugg Mr. William Chamberlin Dr. Norman L. ChristensenMr. Kenneth Harold Close T'81Mrs. Katherine Constable Mrs. F. Nelson Blount Crisp WC'60Dr. Sellars CrispMr. Hugh CullmanMrs. Nan CullmanMr. Bryan Nicholas Danforth T'83Estate of Ms. Jeanne C. DwyerMs. Susan J. EdwardsMr. Steven Dwight Gardner T'83Ms. Evelyn D. George *Mrs. Annette H. Gingher WC'44Mr. Cambridge F. GlennMrs. Peggy Dean GlennMr. Harvey J. Goldman T'68Mrs. Judy GoldmanMrs. Audrey GorterMr. James P. Gorter Mr. John S. Hahn T'74Dr. Melinda M. Hall T'79Mrs. Diane Jane Hardy WC'67Mr. Robert G. Hardy T'66 Dr. Verne Lester Harper G'43 *Ms. Mary Price Taylor Harrison T'80

Dr. Carol Clarke Hogue N'56 WC'56 R'60Mr. Alfred Smith Holcomb T'58Mr. Christian R. Holmes IVMr. Frank D. Koran Mrs. Willa Koran WC'46Mr. Andrew J. Laska *Mrs. Vera Laska Mr. William B. Lazar T'76Mr. Byron C. Lynch Jr.Dr. James A. Marsh Jr. T'63Mr. Elliott B. McConnell Jr. T'51 Mrs. Sara G. McConnell WC'52Mr. John Alexander McMahon T'42Prof. Harding B. Michel WC'46Rear Adm. Jay R. Miller Jr. T'63Mr. Brent Stephenson Mills T'86Dr. Anne B. Mize WC'68Mrs. Bettye Martin Musham N'54Mrs. Esther B. Pardue WC'62Mr. Leonard G. Pardue III T'61 Ms. Deborah Fleisher Pilkey E’93Mrs. Elizabeth S. PilkeyDr. Orrin H. Pilkey Mr. John C. ReidMrs. Paula P. Reid Mr. Randolph K. Repass E'66Mrs. Celia A. Roady T'73 L'76Mr. Stephen Elston Roady L'76 Mr. Robert L. Schwarz T'41Ms. Viola H. SchweerMr. Truman Thomas Semans Jr. T'90 B'01Mrs. Nancy Watkins Sommer WC'52Mr. James M. SullivanMr. Charles B. Wade Jr. T'38 *Mrs. Margaret P. Wade

$5,000 - $9,999Mrs. Mary BierlyMr. Richard H. BierlyMrs. Frances H. Blanchard WC'43Mr. Lawrence E. Blanchard Jr. T'42Ms. Anne Marie BoardmanMrs. Elizabeth E. Booke WC'56Dr. Cazlyn Green Bookhout G'34Dr. Margo A. Brinton WC'66Mr. David S. BrodyMrs. Laura C. Brody Dr. William G. Brown T'72

Ms. Vera C. Carter *Mr. L. Hartsell Cash T'45Dr. Elisabeth S. Cook T'73Dr. Russel C. Cook T’72Mrs. Ann Douglas Cornell T'75Mr. Brian G. Davies T'83Dr. Luckett Vanderford Davis G'58 G'62Mr. Gary W. DicksonDr. Henry B. Dixon II T'56 M'61Mrs. Kathryn F. Dixon N’58Mrs. Lydia P. Donnelly *Dr. Sylvia A. Earle G'56 G'66 HON '93Mrs. Jean S. FaberDr. Lee E. Faber T'64Mrs. Joyce B. Franke G'88Mr. Clair H. Gingher Jr. E'43 *Ms. Lynn Ellen Gorguze T'81Mr. William R. Grant T'65Ms. Patricia R. Hatler T'76Ms. Susan Wainwright HudsonMrs. Ann I’Anson WC'57Capt. Lawrence W. I'Anson Jr. T'58 President Nannerl Overholser KeohaneProf. Robert Keohane Mr. William A. Lane Jr. T’44Mr. Craig D. Leister L'74 Mrs. Susan E. Leister T'74Mrs. Marie T. Lott WC'72Mrs. CoraLynn H. Marshall WC'46 L'78Mr. Roger L. Marshall T'42 Mr. William C. McIntyre T'61Mr. and Mrs. David Ernest Menotti Mr. James B. Miller F'70Mrs. Brenda Thompson Moorman WC'61Mr. James B. Moorman T'59 L'62 Mr. John Kirby Nicholas T'89 B'96Mr. Kenwood C. Nichols F'64Mrs. Nancy NoonanMr. Patrick F. NoonanMr. John B. NutterMrs. Carolyn K. Penny WC'57Mr. Wade H. Penny Jr. T'57 L'60 Mr. Scott Harvey Peters T'80Mr. and Mrs. Walter D. Pilkey Mr. Richard Leon Prager T'81Mrs. Jacqueline RamusDr. Joseph S. RamusMs. Beth Robertson

Mrs. Pearl F. SchechterMr. Sol Schechter Ms. Lisa Dellwo Schlesinger Dean William H. SchlesingerMrs. Althea N. Schreiber WC'37Ms. Virginia Finley Shannon T'88Mrs. Mary H. Sizemore *Dr. William Roy Sizemore F'47 *Mr. David Shaffner Slye E'89Mr. James Anthony Spangler II F'89Mrs. Margaret Spangler WC'45Mrs. Katherine Goodman Stern WC'46Mr. Stephen P. Upham Jr. T'43Mr. Norman A. Varney Jr. T'73Ms. Judy Fuquay Whiting T'80Dr. Evelyn Rivers Wilbanks G'56Dr. George D. Wilbanks T'53 M'56 Mr. Plato S. Wilson T'50Mrs. Mae S. WoodMr. Marvin Wood

$1,000 - $4,999Anonymous (2)Mr. Philip Abisognio II T'83Mr. Gordon Thomas Achtermann T’86 Mrs. Cynthia B. AdamsMr. Coleman L. Adams IIIDr. Teuvo Mathias Airola G'77 *Dr. Charles Dunkle Amsler Jr. T’80Mr. Robert Ryoichi Ando E'73Mrs. Claire L. Arnold Mr. H. Ross Arnold III T’67 L’76 Mr. Luke M. Babcock T'93Mr. James H. P. Bailey Jr. T'68Dr. Edward F. Baird E'65Mrs. Mary Lou Ballantyne WC'53Mrs. Elaine K. Barber Ms. Margaret M. Barber T’74 Dr. Richard T. Barber Ms. Norma Barringer WC'51Mr. Alban K. Barrus Jr.Mr. C. Leland Bassett E’59 Mr. Jeffrey Glenn Bassett E'89Dr. Elizabeth I. Bauereis WC'60Ms. Pamela C. Beam WC’72 Dr. Andrew Kennette Bean T’80 Mrs. Lisa N. Bean T’80 Mr. Fred Albert Beguin T'63

C A M P A I G N H O N O R R O L L

Foundation Supporters

Amazon FundAyco Charitable FoundationEdward H. Benenson FoundationFrances & Benjamin Benenson FoundationRobert & Nettie Benenson FoundationMary Duke Biddle FoundationBlanchard FundThe Bretton FoundationBrody Brothers FoundationKathleen Price Bryan Family FundGordon A. Cain Foundation.Caterpillar FoundationChase Manhattan FoundationColumbus Foundation Community Foundation of Louisville

DepositoryCommunity Foundation of Western NCDevonwood Foundation

Dominion FoundationDoris Duke Charitable FoundationThe Duke EndowmentDunspaugh-Dalton FoundationEducational Foundation Of AmericaFidelity Investments Charitable Gift FundFoundation For Deep EcologyFoundation for the CarolinasWalter and Lillian Gettinger FoundationHoward Gilman FoundationGordon and Betty Moore FoundationGorter Family FoundationGreater Houston Community FoundationHug FoundationJeniam Clarkson FoundationMacArthur FoundationRobert Wood Johnson FoundationW Alton Jones FoundationLazar FoundationHenry Luce Foundation

Lumpkin FoundationMailman Foundation Inc.MacArthur FoundationMcGregor FundAndrew W. Mellon FoundationMorris Animal FoundationMuchnic Foundation, Inc.National Council for Air & Stream

ImprovementsOak FoundationSpencer T. and Ann W. Olin FoundationOverbrook FoundationDavid & Lucile Packard FoundationPadi FoundationPanaphil FoundationPew Charitable TrustsPrentice Foundation Inc.Julian Price Family FoundationRockefeller Brothers Fund Inc.Salisbury Community Foundation

The Scholarship FoundationMary D.B.T. Semans FoundationAlfred P. Sloan FoundationStarr FoundationJ. Sullivan Foundation Inc.Summit FoundationSurdna FoundationEdna Bailey Sussman FundJohn A. & Elizabeth F. Taylor Charitable

Foundation.Texas A & M Research FoundationJosiah C. Trent Memorial FoundationTriangle Community Foundation Inc.Turner Foundation Inc.University of Minnesota FoundationWallace Genetic FoundationWeichert Kranbuhl Family FoundationWinston-Salem FoundationWatson W. Wise Foundation

Ms. Bertie S. BelvinMrs. Connie M. Bischoff WC’68 Mr. Douglas K. Bischoff T’66 Mrs. Jeanne Miles Blackburn Dr. John O. Blackburn T'51Dr. Brent F. Blackwelder T’64 Mrs. Teresa S. Blackwelder WC’70 Mrs. Lillian Wooten Bland WC'49Mr. Robert Bradford Boardman F'94Ms. Myriam BossuytMr. Alan E. BoudreauMrs. Janet Boudreau Dr. J. Barry Boyd T’70 Mr. David M. Bradford F'66Mrs. Anna F. Brantley WC'58Dr. Philip L. Brewer T'58Mr. Samuel William Breyfogle F'82Mrs. Florence J. Brinkhous Mr. John R. BrinkhousMr. Eric C. Brinsfield T'75Mr. Don C. Broadbridge III T’79 Mr. Norman G. Brocard F'64Mr. Leo BrodyMs. Marcia Bransfield Brown F'93Mr. Werner C. Brown T'42 Dr. Peter Francis Brucato Jr. T’78 G’80 G’88 Mr. Robert R. Buchanan T’52 Dr. David Bush G'77 G'91Mr. Kevin Lawrence Call T'77Mr. Ralph Gunn Campbell III T'89Ms. Kathryn Ash Carlson F'92Mrs. Marsha Carter WC'53Dr. Will CarterMr. James A. Cavenaugh Jr. E'56Mrs. Patricia Cavenaugh WC’56 *Mrs. Emma Suyapa U. Cazier T’83 Dr. David ChallinorMr. Michael D. Chenard F’97 Mr. Steven Richard Church B'92 F'92Mrs. Charlotte R. Clark T'79 F'83Mrs. Alice Wiseman Clarke WC'47Mrs. Eugenia W. CollinsMr. William A. Collins Jr.Mr. Matthew James Comisky T'81Mrs. Elizabeth H. Conner WC’39 Mr. Robert W. Conner E’37 Dr. Harry L. Cooke G’73 Ms. Josephine S. Cooper B'77

Dr. Sherri Rumer CooperDr. Edwin B. Cooper Jr. T’64 M’66 Mrs. Mary B. Cooper WC’64 Dr. Bruce H. CorlissMr. Richard C. CornelisonMr. William M. Courtney T'38 *Mr. Edward D. Cowell Jr. T'56Ms. Elizabeth Lee Cozart T'81Mr. Joseph McGavock Crockett F'54Ms. Rebecca Ann Currie T’89 Dr. Patchin Crandall Curtis G'87Mrs. Marie Anne Scheller Daniels WC'54Mr. Gordon MacLeod Davidson F'81Ms. Susan Elaine Davis T'88Mr. Alexander Thayer Davison T'49 F'50Mrs. Mary Cline Davison N’47 Mr. Gregory DeMarco F’91 B’91 Mrs. Susan M. DeMarco B’90Dr. John G. Dennis G’69 Dr. John B. Dewolf III T’73 Dr. Robert Eaton Deyle F’77 Mr. Richard J. Diforio Jr.Mr. Nicholas Hyland Dilks T’96 Mrs. Anna Lee Dorsett WC’50 Mr. David W. Douglas Mrs. Deborah S. Douglas T’73 Mr. Edward Raynor Drayton III F’61 Mr. Thomas E. Duncan Mrs. Jean Sturtevant Dunn WC’43 Ms. Martha J. Dunn T’77 Mr. D. Jefferson Dye F’92 Mr. N. Edward Edgerton T’21 * Mr. Thomas Kleberg Espy T’94 Bishop Robert W. Estill Mr. Herbert Evers Mrs. May Evers Mr. Gilmer C. Ewing T’76 Mrs. Melanie T. Farland Dr. Martha C. Farmer WC’71 G’79 Dr. Shauna Tilly Farmer T’86 M’90 Dr. Thomas Hackney R. Farmer T’85 M’90 The Honorable Michael C. Farrar Mr. George R. Fidelman T’70 Mr. John M. Finley Mrs. Susan E. Jones Finley WC’66 Dr. John R. Fitz T’78 Mr. James William Flannery Jr. G’88 Dr. Susan Elizabeth Ford G’84

Mr. John A. Forlines Jr. T’39 Mrs. Judith A. Fort WC’55 Dr. Bruce Robert Fraedrich F’76 Mr. John Rhett Frazier F’48 Dr. Philip N. Froelich Jr. T’68 Mrs. Elizabeth Batten Frost T’82 Mr. James Clarke Frost E’82 Mr. Chung-Hong Fu F’93 Mrs. Dianne R. Gagnon Mr. Don Gagnon Mr. Charles Lee Gallegos T’73 Dr. John T. Garbutt Jr.Dr. Arthur J. Garceau T’50 Mr. Anthony F. Garvin T’84 B’89 Ms. June H. Geneen Mr. David William Gerhardt F’79 Mr. Robert Howard Gettinger T’77 Mrs. Marion B. Gibson WC’55 Dr. Mark E. Glosenger T’76 Mr. Todd Kerr Glosson T’84 Mr. Alberto Goetzl F’79 Ms. Virginia Streusand Goldman T’79 Mr. Richard W. Goode T’39 Mr. Cecil Goodnight Mrs. Betsy Buchanan Greene WC’47 * Mr. Oscar Greene Jr.Mr. David Wayne Greenleaf T’74 Mr. Harlan R. Greenman T’46 E’47 Dr. Charles A. Gresham G’72 G’75 Dr. Mark Earl Grossnickle T’84 M’88 Mrs. Mary Ellen Cusick Grossnickle T’84 B’89 Mr. Gilbert M. Grosvenor Dr. Virginia M. Hackenberg T’79 Dr. and Mrs. Peter K. Haff Dr. Jamal A. Hakim T’83 Mr. Christopher L. Hale F’00 L’00 Ms. N. Allison Haltom WC’72 Ms. Wendy A. Hamilton T’93 Mr. John D. Hane Mrs. Mary Jo Hane Miss Kathryn Harbison WC’45 Mrs. Constance Mackey Harley WC’49 G’54 Dr. Eugene L. Harley M’57 Mrs. Marilyn Agnes Harrison WC’71 Mr. R. Keith Harrison Jr. E’70 Mr. Thomas Lester Hart F’67 Mr. Robert Haubrich Mr. Robert Hay *

Miss Nancy Grimes Haywood WC’36 * Dr. Sanjaya Hebbar T’90 Mrs. Hope L. Hetherington Mr. John W. Hetherington Ms. Lisa Heyward F’75 Mrs. Dorothy Z. Mills Hicks WC’38 * Mr. Eric Lynn Hiser L’89 G’89 Mrs. Ann Loflin Hobson WC’65 Mr. John A. Hodge T’77 Dr. Cecil James Holliman T’75 Ms. Marion Wiles Howard WC’69 Ms. Kathryn Boeckman Howd T’79 Mr. Walter S. Howes T’79 Mr. Fitzgerald S. Hudson E’46 Mr. Francis Milton Hunt T’49 F’49 Mr. Robert Sanger Jacobs T’84 Mrs. Jean A. James WC’51 Dr. Richard Thomas James III T’79 Dr. Patricia Lynn Jolie F’81 Mr. Edwin L. Jones Jr. E’48 Mrs. Lucille F. Jones Mr. Roger Lee Jones Jr. F’82 Mr. Anish Anilkumar Joshi B’97 F’97 Mrs. Sylvia L. Karas Mrs. Lucy C. Karlsson T’79 Dr. Jeffrey A Karson Mr. and Mrs. Oscar A. Keller III Mr. James M. Kellogg T’65 Mrs. Sally Anne Kellogg WC’65 Mr. Robert L. Kempf F’70 Dr. Robert L. Kendall G’68 Mrs. Sally L. Kendall WC’60 Dr. Herbert D. Kerman T’38 M’42 Mrs. Ruth Rice Kerman WC’39 Mr. D. Geoffrey Kerr T’78 Dr. Lindsey A. Kerr T’79 M’86 Dr. Susan S. Kilham G’71 Ms. Mary Lewis Kleberg Dr. Emily M. Klein Mr. John Frederick Klein T’60 F’62 Dr. Kathryn W. Kranbuhl Mrs. Marguerite D. V. Krieger WC’45 Mr. Paul F. Krueger T’76 Mrs. Katherine D. Landing T’83 Ms. Sara Ennis Lane F’78 Mr. David Peter Lazar Sr. T’79 Mrs. Karen Bowers Lazar T’78 Mr. James E. Lee T’51 F’52

Corporate Supporters

3MAIGAlcoa FoundationAlex Brown & Sons Inc.Anadarko Petroleum CorporationApex Bioscience Inc.Ashland Inc. FoundationBaltimore Gas and Electric CompanyBank of AmericaBASF CorporationBay Area HospitalBermuda Biological Station For Research Inc.Blasland, Bouck & Lee Inc.Boeing CompanyBridgestone/Firestone Inc.Brunswick Foundation Inc.Burroughs Wellcome FundC. And W. InvestmentsCarolina Power & LightCaterpillar Inc.Central Carolina Bank & Trust Co.CertainTeed Corporation

Champion International CorporationChemonics International Inc.ChevronCiba-GeigyCIIT Centers For Health ResearchClean Seas CompanyCoastal Science Inc.Coca-Cola FoundationCommunity Foundation of Louisville

DepositoryCompaq Computer CorporationConoco Inc.Consolidated Natural Gas CompanyCourtaulds Coatings Inc.Cuno IncorporatedDana Corporation FoundationDermik Laboratories Inc.DOSECC, Inc.Duke Energy CorporationEaton CorporationE. I. Dupont De NemoursEl Paso Energy Service CompanyEnronExxonMobil Corporation

Fidelity FoundationGE Capital Financial Inc.General Electric CompanyGeneral Electric PlasticsGeoForschungsZentrumGeorgia-Pacific CorporationHome Depot USAIBM CorporationInternational Paper CompanyITT CorporationJefferson-Pilot FoundationJP Morgan Chase FoundationLockheed Martin CorporationMasco CorporationMayer Brown Rowe & MawMcDonnell Aircraft & Missile SystemsMcLaren/Hart Environmental Engineering

Corp.Merck & CompanyMoreng Telecom Products L.L.C.Newton Law FirmOcean Environmental Technologies Inc.Olin CorporationPfizer Inc

Philip Morris Inc.Pine State Knitwear CoProcter & GambleProgress EnergyRecupera Partners, L.P.Rifle Ridge Farm Limited PartnershipSallieMaeSC Johnson Wax Fund Inc.Shell Oil Company FoundationSherwin-WilliamsSmart Sonic CorporationSonoco Products CompanySpangler Environmental Inc.Sullivan Investment Co.Syngenta Crop Protection Inc.Temple-Inland FoundationTenneco Inc.United States Steel FoundationWalt Disney Company FoundationWestvacoWeyerhaeuser Company FoundationWilbanks, Smith and Thomas Asset

ManagementWm. Wrigley Jr. Company Foundation

36dukenvironment

Mrs. Laura B. Leslie T’80 Mr. Charles C. Liles T’32 Dr. Tsung-Yi Lin G’95 Dr. David Michael Liscow T’78 Dr. N. Scott Litofsky T’81 Mrs. Anne H. Love WC’48 Mr. Nash M. Love E’46 Mrs. Marian P. Lowry WC’48 Mr. William J. Lowry T’47 L’49 Mrs. M. Susan Lozier Mr. Philip J. Lozier Mrs. Mary Gilbert Lynn Dr. William S. Lynn Mrs. Linda W. MacDonald Dr. Harry J. MacDonald Jr. T’65 Dr. Edgar Maeyens Jr.Dr. Lynette J. Mark T’79 Mr. Michael John Mars T’91 Mr. Harold Douglas Marshall Jr. T’96 Mr. Charles E. Martin II T’53 F’54 Mrs. Martha Y. Martinat WC’46 Mr. William E. Massey Jr. T’50 F’51 Mrs. Diane Lillie McCallister F’78 Mr. Stephen Bernard McCandless T’75 G’84 Mr. and Mrs. Roland McClamroch Jr.Dr. David R. McClay Mr. Charles K. McClure III F’69 Mrs. Gail Swinger McCormick T’73 Mr. Bruce McCutcheon Mr. Brian Neil McDonald F’84 Dr. Thomas Wray McKee T’73 Mr. Michael D. McKenzie T’70 Dr. Samuel B. McLaughlin Jr. G’70 Dr. Richard Neal McQuigg T’80 Mr. Dana G. Mead Mr. James Steven Mead F’81 Dr. John C. Meadows Jr. G’70 Mr. Thomas Alan Medary T’84 Dr. Sharolyn R. Medina T’87 Mrs. Ann S. Micara Capt. Francis Anthony Edward Micara T’44 Dr. Bruce Franklin Molnia G’69 Mrs. Kristen H. Monahan T’82 A’85 Mr. Joseph H. Moreng Jr. E’64 Mr. S. Reed Morian Ms. Barbara H. Morris N’78 Ms. Carolyn K. Morris Prof. Thomas F. Moslow G’77 Mr. Robert L. Moul F’75 Mrs. Cathryn R. Mullins T’76

Dr. Henry Thomas Mullins G’75 Prof. Allen B. Murray Dr. Steven M. Murray T’70 Dr. Elizabeth R. Myers T’76 Mr. Mark D. Myers T’80 Dr. Walter G. Nelson Jr. T’72 G’78 Dr. Richard C. Newsham T’42 Col. Everette S. Newton Dr. Francis Newton Ms. Frances S. Newton Mr. James Robert Nicol T’79 F’82 Mrs. Lisa K. E. Nicol F’83 Mr. C. Robert Nielsen Mr. C. Roy Nifong * Ms. Elizabeth B. Nutter Mr. Hideaki Ogasawara Mr. Billy B. Olive E’48 Mr. and Mrs. John B. Olsen Dr. David Fredrick Olson Jr. F’49 Dr. Charles H. Parker Jr. T’77 Dr. Carl A. Patow T’75 Mr. Frank Caldwell Patton III T’82 Mr. Charles Thomas Paul E’62 Dr. Brian R. Payne F’62 Mr. William J. Payne T’71 Mr. Donald M. Penny T’59 Mrs. Judith Carmichael Peterson WC’59 Mr. Karl Bock Peterson E’59 Mr. Glen P. Pinkston Mr. Robert G. Piotrowski G’74 Mr. J. Gregory Poole Jr.Mr. Daniel Cole Popowics T’88 Ms. Joan Bresnan Popowics T’88 Mr. Rodney Dean Priddy G’91 Mr. John Carl Puzak G’74 Ms. Susan Marie Regier F’81 Mr. Scott Frederick Rehmus T’92 Dr. Wingfield Ellis Rehmus M’96 Dr. David Allen Renken T’83 Ms. Katherine Kimball Richmond T’90 Dr. Edward M. Riegel T’77 Mr. John G. Rogers F’49 Ms. Elizabeth Lynch Rom G’86 Mr. David Monroe Rooks III L’76 Mrs. Elizabeth H. Rooks Mr. John David Ross Jr. T’92 Mr. Robert H. Rumpf F’54 Dr. Christine W. Sachs WC’67 Mrs. Joan B. Sadler Dr. John H. Sadler T’57 M’60 M’60

Dr. Ellen L. Sakornbut T’76 Dr. William O. Samuels T’67 Dr. Clifford L. Sayre Jr. E’47 Dr. John Quincy Schisler II T’78 Mr. Nicholas P. Schliapin F’77 Capt. Melissa Anne Schneider T’87 Mrs. Carol Newsham Schreiber T’74 Mr. Thomas A. Schultz Ms. Elizabeth Thelma Schwarze T’87 Dr. Arlene E. Segal WC’58 Mrs. Catherine H. Sheafor T’88 Dr. Douglas Houston Sheafor T’88 Mr. W. Mason Shehan T’37 Mr. A. L. Sherk Mrs. Nancy Dennis Sherk WC’56 Mr. R. Tom Shontz Jr. G’72 Dr. John T. Sigmon T’69 G’83 Mrs. Linda T. Sigmon WC’69 G’80 Mrs. Dorothy Lewis Simpson WC’46 Mr. W. Hunter Simpson Dr. Ronald J. Slinn G’69 Mrs. Beverly M. Small WC’49 Mr. Gaston E. Small Jr.Mr. Chandler C. Smith T’72 F’75 Mr. David Gordon Smith T’80 Ms. Matilda W. Smith Mrs. Ruth Snyder Dr. Mary S. Soo Dr. Michael Landron Soo T’83 Mr. John R. Spruill T’64 Mr. Jake M. Stone F’60 Mr. David James Stout F’86 Dr. Judy Anita Strickland T’80 Mr. Robert W. Stubbs T’53 Dr. Isabel Combs Stuebe WC’64 Mr. William Henry Stuebe Mrs. Cheryl G. Sullivan The Hon. Frank Sullivan Jr.Mr. Milton L. Tager E’50 Dr. Yasuomi Tanaka F’67 G’70 * Ms. Elizabeth Fish Taylor Mrs. Martha R. Thayer Mr. Edward R. Thieler IIIMrs. Helen Thieler Mr. Lawrence N. Thompson Jr. F’50 * Mrs. Elizabeth Thrower WC’60 Dr. James M. Thurber T’69 Mrs. Marianne W. Tobias Mr. Randall L. Tobias Mr. Alex Walter Trent G’73

Mr. James Allan Trofatter T’83 Mr. Robert S. Turner T’75 Mr. Randall Scott Tuttle T’85 Dr. John Jay Vandenberg G’82 G’87 Mrs. Phyllis R. Vandenberg G’87 Mr. Clinton Van Siclen Mrs. Virginia Van Siclen T’77 Dr. Evan Vosburgh T’77 Dr. Stephen A. Wainwright T’53 Mrs. Elaine B. Weis WC’67 Mr. Alan Roy Weiskopf Mrs. Leslie Weiskopf Dr. Lynne Dawson Werner T’78 Ms. Nancy J. White T’80 Mr. J. Mercer White Jr.Mr. Peter E. Wile T’46 * Mr. Nelson Paige Will F’60 Mr. Robert Rhyne Williams T’87 Dr. Roberta G. Williams WC’63 Mrs. Patricia W. Wilson WC’52 * Dr. Douglas Charles Wolf T’75 Commander Susan Wolfe Dr. George M. Woodwell G’56 G’58 GHON’94 Miss Nancy Vestal Wrenn WC’43 Mr. William Wrigley Jr. T’85 Mr. Charles J. Young Mrs. Lynn D. Young T’76 Dr. Richard John Zaino M’75 Mrs. Sarah M. Zaino T’74 Ms. Laura Z. Zimmerman WC’67 Mr. Alfred T. Zodda Jr. T’68 Mrs. Elsa R. Zollars WC’56 Mr. William B. Zollars E’55

Under $1,000The Nicholas School greatly appreciates thegenerous donations from all its supporters. Inorder to conserve paper and resources, all giftsin this category can be viewed online at:www.env.duke.edu.

Thank you for your continued support of theNicholas School.

Every effort was made to ensure the accuracy ofour Honor Roll. We regret any errors or omis-sions that may have occurred and ask that youbring them to our attention immediately bycalling Carol Dahm at 919-613-8001 or e-mail-ing her at cdahm@duke.edu

C A M P A I G N H O N O R R O L L

Endowed ProfessorshipsFunded During the Campaignfor Duke

Doris Duke Professorship in Conservation EcologyDan and Bunny Gabel Associate Professorship

in Environmental Ethics and Sustainable Environmental Management

Korstian ProfessorshipNicholas Professorship in Earth Systems ScienceNicholas Professorship in Environmental

Economics and PolicyNicholas Professorship in Environmental QualityNicholas Professorship in Natural Resource EcologyTruman and Nellie Semans /Alex Brown &

Sons Associate Professorship Lee Hill Snowdon Professorship

Rachel Carson Professorship in Marine Conservation Biology

Rachel Carson Professorship in Marine Affairs and Policy

Endowed Fellowships andScholarships Funded Duringthe Campaign for Duke

Lawrence E. Blanchard EndowmentBookhout Scholarship FundWhitney Lawson Chamberlin Memorial Endowment Norman L. Christensen Jr. Fellowship EndowmentWilliam Cleveland Fellowship EndowmentTimothy J. and Anne G. Creem Scholarship

EndowmentCummings Family Fellowship

LeRoy George Scholarship Laura J. Grierson Memorial ScholarshipCharlotte and Robert Hay Endowment Richard Heintzelman Family Fellowship

EndowmentTim and Karen Hixon Wildlife Conservation

EndowmentLawrence I’Anson, Jr. Scholarship FundThomas W. Keesee Jr. Fellowship Endowment Kuzimer-Lee-Nikitine EndowmentThomas Vaclav Laska MemorialMelanie Lynn Memorial Scholarship EndowmentNicholas Fellowships in Environment

Sciences and PolicyNicholas School of the Environment Alumni

Fellowships EndowmentNicholas School of the Environment Professional

Student Fellowship Endowment

Orrin Pilkey Fellowship EndowmentElizabeth Reid Endowment Nancy and Simon B. Rich FellowshipGary H. Salenger Fellowship EndowmentBartow Shaw Family Fellowship EndowmentThomas and Anne Shepherd EndowmentEdward and Joyce Sitz EndowmentHarvey W. Smith Graduate Fellowship

EndowmentDeborah Susan Steer Scholarship FundSyngenta Crop Protection Inc. FellowshipYasuomi Tanaka Memorial Fellowship Wade Family EndowmentJohn and Sue Wall Fellowship Endowment Dr. Larry R. Widell Memorial Fellowship

Endowment

Nov. 13, 2002Revelle Lecture by Michael K. Orbach, director,Duke Marine LabNational Academy of SciencesWashington, D.C.Contact: Belinda Williford, (252) 504-7508 orbbw@duke.edu or www4.nationalacademies.org/DELS/osb.nsf/web/Event002

Ronald Perkins Lecture Series“Is the World Running Out of Oil? An Assessment of Global Oil, Gas and NGL Resources”By Thomas S. Ahlbrandt, U.S. Geological Survey4 p.m., Love AuditoriumLevine Science Research CenterContact: Rita Baur, (919) 613-8003 orrbaur@duke.edu

Nov. 20-21, 2002Duke University Environmental Leadership Forum“Dealing with Disasters: Prediction,Prevention and Response”Contact: Kathryn Saterson, (919) 613-8080or saterson@duke.edu

Dec. 2-13, 2002U.S. Forest Service PASS Training SeminarPresented by the Office of Continuing andExecutive EducationLevine Science Research CenterContact: Sara Ashenburg, (919) 613-8063 orsea3@duke.edu

Jan. 13-17, 2003Preparing and Documenting EnvironmentalImpact AnalysesPresented by the Office of Continuing andExecutive Education for National GuardLevine Science Research CenterContact: Sara Ashenburg, (919) 613-8063 orsea3@duke.edu

Feb. 5-7, 2003Accounting for Cumulative Effects in the NEPA ProcessPresented by the Office of Continuing andExecutive EducationLevine Science Research CenterContact: Sara Ashenburg, (919) 613-8063 orsea3@duke.edu

Feb. 14, 2003Duke/Yale Career Fair Washington, D.C.Contact: Karen Kirchoff, (919) 613-8016 orkgki@duke.eduOr www.env.duke.edu/duke_yale_fair

Alumni-Student MixerWashington, D.C.Contact: Rita Baur, (919) 613-8003 orrbaur@duke.edu

March 11-13, 2003Biotechnology and Environmental RegulationPresented by the Office Continuing andExecutive EducationLevine Science Research CenterContact: Sara Ashenburg, (919) 613-8063 orsea3@duke.edu

April 11, 2003Forestry Forum and Presentation of RalstonAwardLevine Science Research CenterContact: Krista Bofill, (919) 613-8035 ork.bofill@duke.edu

April 11-13, 2003Alumni Reunion WeekendHonoring the classes of 1938, 1943, 1948,1953, 1958, 1963,1968, 1973, 1978, 1983, 1988, 1993 & 1998Contact: Krista Bofill, (919) 613-8035 ork.bofill@duke.eduOr www.dukealumni.com, and click onReunions

April 12 & 13, 2003Nicholas School Alumni Council MeetingContact: Krista Bofill, (919) 613-8035 ork.bofill@duke.edu

April 12, 2003Global Change:The Fiction Facts, the Fiction,the FutureFeaturing Dean William H. SchlesingerLove AuditoriumLevine Science Research CenterContact: Krista Bofill, (919) 613-8035 ork.bofill@duke.edu

Field DayDuke ForestContact: Krista Bofill, (919) 613-8035 orkbofill@duke.edu

May 11-14, 2003American Association of Petroleum GeologistsAnnual MeetingSalt Lake City, UtahContact the AAPG: (800) 364-2274 or con-vene@aapg.org

Duke University Alumni ReceptionAAPG Salt Lake City, UtahContact: Rita Baur, (919) 613-8003 orrbaur@duke.edu

May 10-11, 2003Commencement WeekendDuke University

May 15, 2003 (tentative date)National Geographic Society Dinner and LectureFor Nicholas School and Duke Marine Labmembers of William Preston FewAssociationWashington, D. C.Contact: Rita Baur, (919) 613-8003 orrbaur@duke.edu

How to contact us:Nicholas School of the Environment

and Earth SciencesOffice of External AffairsDuke UniversityBox 90328Durham, NC 27708-0328

(919) 613-8003 phone(919) 613-8077 fax

www.env.duke.edu

Duke University Marine Laboratory135 Duke Marine Lab RoadBeaufort, NC 28516-9721

(252) 504-7503 phone(252) 504-7648 fax

dukenvironment is printed with vegetable-based inks on 100% recycled paper. Please recycle this magazine.

monitorMark your calendar for the following dates and monitor our Web site atwww.env.duke.edu for additional events:

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