Chris Tokas S.E.Chris Tokas S.E.Manager, Hospital Seismic Retrofit Program Manager, Hospital Seismic Retrofit Program Office of Statewide Health Planning and DevelopmentOffice of Statewide Health Planning and Development

Status of the California Status of the California Hospital Seismic Retrofit Hospital Seismic Retrofit Program (SB 1953)Program (SB 1953)

ABAG RPC Workshop on Post-Disaster ABAG RPC Workshop on Post-Disaster Hospital & Public Health SystemsHospital & Public Health SystemsJune 3, 2009June 3, 2009

Earthquakes as a Catalyst for Earthquakes as a Catalyst for ChangeChange

• Major advances in the structural engineering art are associated with damaging earthquakes.– 1933 Long Beach– 1964 Alaska– 1971 San Fernando– 1989 Loma Prieta– 1994 Northridge– 1995 Kobe

1971 San Fernando Earthquake1971 San Fernando EarthquakeOlive View Medical CenterOlive View Medical Center

Godden Collection, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, BerkeleyGodden Collection, Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley

Lessons Learned in the San- Lessons Learned in the San- Fernando EarthquakeFernando Earthquake

• The Earthquake demonstrated Deficiencies in:– Building Design Codes– Code enforcement process

• Plan review• Construction inspection

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The Foundation Pillars for Achieving the The Foundation Pillars for Achieving the Targeted Seismic Performance LevelTargeted Seismic Performance Level

The 1972 Hospital Seismic The 1972 Hospital Seismic Safety Act (HSSA)Safety Act (HSSA)

The HSSA Establishes Hospitals as essential facilities and defines explicitly their expected performance.

The 1st Ever Definition of The 1st Ever Definition of FunctionalityFunctionality

…. that hospitals, that house patients that hospitals, that house patients who have less than the capacity of who have less than the capacity of normally healthy persons to protect normally healthy persons to protect themselves, and that themselves, and that must be must be reasonably capable of providing reasonably capable of providing services to the public after a disasterservices to the public after a disaster,, shall be designed and constructed to resist, insofar as practical the forces generated by earthquakes, gravity, and winds.

The Need for a Statewide The Need for a Statewide Enforcement AgencyEnforcement Agency

• Laws and regulations w/o rigorous enforcement are ineffective.

• OSHPD/FDD is the enforcement agency of the HSSA.– Primary Responsibilities

• Design Plan Review• Construction Oversight

Northridge PerformanceNorthridge Performance

Performance of all Buildings at 23 Hospital Sites with One or More Yellow or Red Tagged Buildings

Number (%) of Buildings

Type of Damage Pre Act Post Act

Structural Damage

Red tagged 12 (24%) 0 (0%)

Yellow tagged 17 (33%) 1 (3%)

Green tagged 22 (43%) 30 (97%)

Nonstructural Damage

Major 31 (61%) 7 (23%)

Minor 20 (39%) 24 (77%)

Total Buildings 51 31

Quantification of Seismic Resilience of GAC Quantification of Seismic Resilience of GAC Facilities as Patients/Day Treatment Capacity Facilities as Patients/Day Treatment Capacity of the Total Available Hospital Infrastructure.of the Total Available Hospital Infrastructure.

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Retrofit, Replacement)

Parking lot palliative interim measures until weather inclement or National Guard withdraws

Time0

Significant Seismic Event Occurs

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Hospital Infrastructure

Recovers

Without the Earthquake

Why SB 1953?Why SB 1953?

• 1994 Northridge quake critically damaged major hospitals - SB 1953 enacted– Protect life and property– Provide for treatment of injured– Protect investment– Reduce demand on post-earthquake

resources

What is SB 1953?What is SB 1953?

• Evaluation– SB 1953 classifies buildings by risk

(1=worst, 5-best)• Structural (SPC-1 to SPC-5)• Nonstructural (NPC-1 to NPC-5)

• Database of Hospital Building Stock• Retrofit to prevent collapse and loss of life• Retrofit to provide continued operation

after an earthquake

SB 1953 Major MilestonesSB 1953 Major Milestones

1998 1999 2000 2002

2008 2030

2001

Seismic evaluations and plans for compliance submitted to OSHPD

Seismic evaluations and plans for compliance submitted to OSHPD

Improvements to allow evacuation

1.1.2002

Improvements to allow evacuation

1.1.2002

Prevent collapse and loss of life1.1.2008

Prevent collapse and loss of life1.1.2008

All buildings capable of continued operation

By 1.1.2030

All buildings capable of continued operation

By 1.1.2030

2013

PossibleExtension

PossibleExtension

Hospital Building Seismic Hospital Building Seismic Performance RatingsPerformance RatingsStructural Performance Ratings

Total No. of Hospital Buildings Reported = 2719

435 Hospitals Reported435 Hospitals Reported

SPC-1 = significant risk of collapse SPC-2 = pre-HSSA, no collapse SPC-3 to 5 = post-HSSA

SPC-1920

SPC-2251

SPC-3375

SPC-4814

SPC-5359

Hospital Building Seismic Hospital Building Seismic Performance RatingsPerformance Ratings

Non-Structural Performance Ratings

435 Hospitals Reported435 Hospitals Reported

Non-Structural Performance RatingsTotal No. of Hospital Buildings Reported = 2719

NPC-11149

NPC-21268

NPC-372

NPC-4153

NPC-54

Not Reported73

Bay Area Counties (9)Bay Area Counties (9)

NPC-1 = 224SPC-1 = 176176

Total = 497Total = 497

Not Reported = 2

NPC-5 = 2SPC-5 = 73

NPC-4 = 29SPC-4 = 86

NPC-3 = 27SPC-3 = 107

NPC-2 = 213SPC-2 = 5555

Number of Buildings in Each Category

NPC-1 = 224SPC-1 = 176176

Total = 497Total = 497

Not Reported = 2

NPC-5 = 2SPC-5 = 73

NPC-4 = 29SPC-4 = 86

NPC-3 = 27SPC-3 = 107

NPC-2 = 213SPC-2 = 5555

Number of Buildings in Each Category

SPC Rating Distribution, District Vs Overall

176

55107 86 73

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SPC Rating - ABAG vs OverallSPC Rating - ABAG vs Overall

9 ABAG Counties9 ABAG Counties

435 Hospitals435 Hospitals

19%

22%29% 11% 20%

NPC Rating Distribution, District Vs Overall

224 213

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Not Reported

NPC Rating - ABAG Vs OverallNPC Rating - ABAG Vs Overall

19% 17%

38% 19% 50% 3%

9 ABAG Counties9 ABAG Counties

435 Hospitals435 Hospitals

What Should Hospitals Be Doing What Should Hospitals Be Doing Today?Today?

• Mitigation Strategies– Conversion

– Seismic Retrofit

– Replacement

Delays in ComplianceDelays in Compliance

• Diminished Capacity– Request by 01-01-07

• SB 1801 (no longer Available)

• SB 2006 – 2030/NPC 3/Zone 3

• SB 1661– 2015 Compliance/Under Circumstances beyond

hospital’s control

• SB 306– 2020/Fully Compliant Hospital Buildings Sooner

The Next Compliance The Next Compliance Milestone 2013Milestone 2013

• SPC-2– Advanced Analysis/Seismic Retrofit/HAZUS

Reassessment

• NPC-3 – NPC-3 Specific Areas

• Critical Care Areas, • Clinical laboratory service spaces,• Pharmaceutical service spaces,• Radiological service spaces; and• Central and sterile supply areas.

Parting ThoughtsParting Thoughts

• SB 1953 Stimulates realistic long-term planning.

• When in doubt call us

• “Do nothing alternative” is not a solution– Phased but Continuous Mitigation over time

will achieve compliance in the end