chromosomes. karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual
DESCRIPTION
Normal Human Chromosome Numbers Homologous chromosomes – pairs of chromosomes Diploid – two sets of chromosomes, found in almost all cells Haploid – one set of chromosomes, found only in gametes – sperm or eggs Autosomes – pairs 1 – 22TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Chromosomes
![Page 2: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an
individual
![Page 3: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Normal Human Chromosome Numbers
•Homologous chromosomes – pairs of chromosomes•Diploid – two sets of chromosomes, found in almost all cells•Haploid – one set of chromosomes, found only in gametes – sperm or eggs•Autosomes – pairs 1 – 22
![Page 4: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Sex Chromosomes – pair 23•Female – two X chromosomes•Male – one X and One Y •If Y is present the individual is a male, and if no Y the individual is female•Both males and females have at least one X
![Page 5: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Abnormal Chromosome Numbers• Monosomy – lack one of the
homologous chromosome, can not survive development if lack autosome
• YO – not viable, important information is on the X chromosome, very little information is on the Y
![Page 6: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
• Turner Syndrome – XO, only has one sex chromosome the X• Short stature• Underdeveloped sex organs• Infertile
![Page 7: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Trisomy – more than two copies of any pair of chromosomes
• Most examples of trisomy of the autosomes do not survive development
• Usually associated with chromosomes 13, 18 or 21
![Page 8: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Down Syndrome – have extra 21st chromosome
•Mental retardation•Poor muscle tone•Enlarged tongue•Skin fold in corner of eye
![Page 9: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Extra Sex Chromosomes• Klinefelter Syndrome – XXY• Male with underdeveloped male sex organs,
may have some female body characteristics• Tall, with long limbs• Sterile
![Page 10: Chromosomes. Karyotype – the total chromosome constitution of an individual](https://reader036.vdocument.in/reader036/viewer/2022062317/5a4d1b167f8b9ab0599918f0/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
• Trisomy X – three or more X’s• Normal, healthy• Fertile
• Jacob syndrome – XYY• Taller than normal• Once thought to be more aggressive,
but proven wrong• Fertile• Some show mild mental impairment