church history the theologians the word & table through two millennium
TRANSCRIPT
Church Historythe Theologians
the Word & Tablethrough two millennium
Church Historythe Theologians
the Word & Tablethrough two millennium
A Timeline ofChurch History
Medieval ChurchAncientChurch
600 1500
ReformationChurch
2000
ModernChurch
ca. 33
Ancient Church Timeline
TheologiansApologistsChurchFathers
Apostles
100 150 300 600
?
Developments in the Ancient Church (up to 600 AD)
• “The Way” is established apart from Judaism. Jesus Christ is THE issue.
• The Apostolic Faith is “Codified.”• Church Traditions Develop –good & bad–
Setting things into Motion for Centuries.Doctrinal Orthodoxy is Established through a
series of Ecumenical Councils.The New Testament is Gathered & Closed.Politics play a Major Role in Church Life, the
Foundation for “Christendom.”
Church’s Cultural Beginnings
Politically – Roman
Culturally – Greek
Religiously - Jewish
Surrounding theEarly Church
Church’s Cultural Impact Early
Politically – Roman
Culturally – Greek/Latin
Religiously – Christian
The Centering of theEarly Church
Flavius Valerius Constantinus greatly exceeds
the Edict of Milan
and extends to the
Church a status
far surpassing the
wildest dreams
of its earliest
adherents.
Politics Play aPermanent Role
Leo the Great & Attila the Hun
Politics Play aPermanent Role
Christ’s Sufferings are
grossly misunderstood &
misapplied.
Fiery Trials& Fallout
The MajorEcumenical Councils
Nicea - 325
Constantinople - 381
Ephesus – 431
Chalcedon – 451
Synod of Orange - 529
Constantinople - 553
Constantinople – 681
Arianism
Arianism/Apollinarism
Nestorianism
Eutychianism
Pelagianism
Monphysitism
Monotheletism
-We believe in one God, the Father, the Almighty, maker of heaven and earth, of all that is, seen and unseen.
-We believe in one Lord, Jesus Christ, the only son of God, eternally begotten of the Father, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, begotten, not made, of one being with the Father. Through him all things were made. For us and for our salvation he came down from heaven: by the power of the Holy Spirit he became incarnate from the Virgin Mary, and was made man. For our sake he was crucified under Pontius Pilate; he suffered death and was buried. On the third day he rose again in accordance with the Scriptures; he ascended into heaven and is seated at the right hand of the Father. He will come again in glory to judge the living and the dead, and his kingdom will have no end.
-We believe in the Holy Spirit, the Lord, the giver of life, who proceeds from the Father [and the Son]. With the Father and the Son he is worshipped and glorified. He has spoken through the Prophets. We believe in one holy catholic and apostolic Church. We acknowledge one baptism for the forgiveness of sins. We look for the resurrection of the dead, and the life of the world to come. AMEN
What Do We Believe?
Where Was the Bible?
It was used by Everyone to Argue their Points.
Jerome translates the Vulgate, 4th Century.
NT Canon is Gathered & Recognized, 4th Century.*
Allegory vs. the School at Antioch
The Theologiansand the Scriptures
Where Was the Church’s Mission?Ufilas went to the Visigoths and Translated a copy of the
Scriptures for them (311-383 AD).Martin of Tours, patron saint of France, preached to the
Burgundians (316-396 AD).Gregory of Tours worked with the Franks & ended the Arian
Influence in that area (~496 AD).Patrick of Ireland (389-461 AD).Columba (521-597 AD), converted in Ireland and left to
Evangelize Scotland.Aidon (7th Century), Evangelized Northern England from
Scotland.
Missions in theAge of the Theologians
The Legacy ofThe Theologians
What Can We Learn from “The Theologians”?
Doctrine Matters – We Should Study & Engage the Ideas of our Day.
The Faith has been Tried in Many Circumstances.
The Canon Should Retain a Pivotal Place.
Positions of Power Affect Allegiance & Belief.
Persistence is Critical.
Pope Gregory I – aka “the Great”
Upholds Rome’s
Supremacy.
Takes on Civic Duties
Affirms the PreviousCouncils.
On to theMiddle Ages
A Timeline ofChurch History
Medieval Church
AncientChurch
600 1500
ReformationChurch
2000
ModernChurch
ca. 33
Gregory I~600 AD
Gregory VII~1100 AD Boniface VIII
~1300ADPepin
“the Short”754 AD
Pope Gregory I (540 – 604)
The Mass ~ a Sacrifice. Gregory sees a real corporeal presence; the elements are altered.
He accommodates “a popular faith,” leading to superstition, the extreme aspects of Augustine’s grace & predestination are dulled.
A High Note: Affirms the Atonement as Substitution.
Major Errorsof the Papacy
The Papacy’s Political Power Rises
Pepin the Short crushes the Lombards (751) and the Pope Crowns him King of France.
Gregory VII gets bold: He ought to be able to able to depose emperors!
The church has never erred!
Politics Trumpthe Gospel
Pope Gregory VII (1056 – 1106)
The Investiture Struggle: Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV vs. Pope “Hildebrand.”
Prior to this Emperors appointed Bishops.
Concordant of Worms, 1122, ends the practice.
Major Errorsof the Papacy
A Timeline ofChurch History
Medieval Church
AncientChurch
600 1500
ReformationChurch
2000
ModernChurch
ca. 33
Gregory I~600 AD
Gregory VII~1100 AD Boniface VIII
~1300ADPepin
“the Short”754 AD
Pope Boniface VIII (1234 – 1303)
Unum Sanctum (1302) – the Papacy’s High Water Mark
There is One Holy Catholic Church…we do firmly believe and simply confess that outside this church there is no salvation or remission of sins.
Major Errorsof the Papacy
Pope Boniface VIII (1234 – 1303)
Unum Sanctum continued…
In this church and in her power are two swords, a spiritual one and temporal one (Luke 22:38 & Matt. 26:52).
“…if the earthly power errs, it shall be judged by the spiritual power, if a lesser errs it shall be judged by its superior, but if the supreme power errs it shall be judged only by God and not man.”
Major Errorsof the Papacy
I Few Other Things that Made a Difference...
The Rise of Islam, Vikings in North
The Crusades
Charlemagne, Scholasticism (doctrine from the previous ages is worked over using logic & dialectic), the Rise of the University.
What Did We Miss?
Church Historythe Medieval Church
the Word & Tablethrough two millennium