Implementation of energy efficient buildings policies:

an introduction to the Indian scenario

Implementation of energy efficient buildings policies:

an introduction to the Indian scenario

Ms. Priyanka Kochhar, Fellow, The Energy and Resources Institute

28th June 2012, TERI, New Delhi, India

CIB Task Group 66 Web Session July 2012

In 2030, share of buildings related emissions will stay at approximately 1/3 of energy related CO2 emissions

Construction Counts for Climate

CO2 emissions including through use of electricity, A1B Scenario

Source: IPCC 4th Assessment Report

Construction Counts for Climate

Source: Baltzell 2009, UNEP FI Property Working Group

Key part of the solution: buildings

Source: IPCC 4th Assessment Report

Key part of the problem: buildings

For India- building sector offers mitigation benefits

at net negative costs

Buildings Industry Agriculture Energy

supply

Forestry Waste Transport

…….

…

Estimated potential for GHG mitigation at sectoral level in 2030 (economies in transition)

Source: IPCC 4th Assessment Report

Policy implementation in IndiaC

en

tre

Min

istr

ies/

Ag

en

cie

sState level

Corresponding agencies for Central

Ministries/ Agencies

…..

…..

Municipal bodies

Housing Boards

Development Authorities

…

…

…

Central Public Works Department/

Thiruvananthapuram

Central Public Works Department/

Thiruvananthapuram

Ministry of New and Renewable EnergyMinistry of New and Renewable Energy

� Solar buildings program for energy efficient buildings� GRIHA- national building rating system (partly mandatory)� Solar cities programme� Incentives for integration of renewable energy & GRIHA

Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of

Power

Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of

Power

� Energy Conservation Building Code (voluntary)� Appliance labelling (partly mandatory)� Star rating programme for existing buildings (rates commercial buildings

on energy performance)

Ministry of Environment & Forests

Ministry of Environment & Forests

� Environmental Clearance (Mandatory) � Resource (energy, water) efficiency integral part of clearance� ECBC mandatory

Ministry of Urban Development

Ministry of Urban Development

� National Mission on Sustainable Habitats• energy efficiency in buildings• management of solid waste• accelerating modal shift to mass transport

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation,

Maharashtra

Pimpri Chinchwad Municipal Corporation,

Maharashtra

� Partly mandatory to comply with GRIHA� Incentives for GRIHA

� Mandatory to comply with GRIHA� Revised specification, schedules and plinth area rates

Ce

ntr

al

leve

lS

tate

/

Mu

nic

ipa

lity

Link between the Centre and State:

roles and view points

� Implementation- no penalties for non-compliance

� The system works in silos

� Perceptions

– Cost

� Interpretation of codes and standards

– Flawed and old

– Lack of integration and uniformity

– Lack of clarity on application domain (e.g ECBC does not talk about residential buildings)

Positively…

Environmental Kuznets curve:

the path for India

India- current policy scenario

OBJECTIVES OF EEB POLICIES

• Diminish energy

consumption

• Reduce CO2 emissions

• Increase renewable

energy

POLICY INSTRUMENTS

• Control & regulatory

instruments

• Fiscal instruments and

incentives

• Economic and market-

based instruments

• Support, information

and voluntary action

Mechanisms to implement EEB policies• Codes

– National Building Code 2005

– Energy Conservation Building Code 2007

• Rating systems– Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA): MNRE*-TERI initiative

– Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED): CII# initiative

– Eco Housing: Pune Municipal Corporation initiative

– Star labeling for existing buildings: Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE), MoP** initiative

• Energy auditing– Identification of Energy Conservation Opportunities (ECO) for existing facilities

– Quantification of energy use and misuse through instrumented measurements

– Model analysis for suggested improvements

– Implementation of the best solution

• Benchmarking– Appliance labeling

– For hospitals, office & hotel buildings: BEE- USAID ECO III initiative

• Performance evaluation: to ascertain energy performance– Energy audit for existing buildings

– Software analysis for new buildings

* Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, Government of India# Confederation of Indian Industry

**Ministry of Power, Government of India

Convergence is crucial to effective

implementation and mainstreaming

A point in case for new buildings:

GRIHA

GRIHAa TERI-MNRE implementation initiative for new buildings

2000

TERI Retreat

Over 100 audits

…2000 2003

Advent of LEED: CII-Sorabhji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad- Platinum Rated

TERI- GRIHA

2005

ECBC

2007 2007

2008

NMSH

2009

CPWD adopts GRIHA

2009

Setting up of ADaRSH

2010

Capacity building

2011

2011

GRIHA adopted by PCMC

2011

2012

SVA GRIHA

Product catalogue

To

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ark

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nsfo

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GRIHA-Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment

(for new construction) enables achievement of all key policy initiatives and enables market transformation

17%

17%

37%

15%

5%

9%

Matreials andconstructiontechnology

Site Planning

Energy (end use)and RenewableEnergy

Water

WasteManagement

Health and wellbeing

Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a green building ,and in turn ….measure “greenness” of a building in India

What gets measured gets managed

Building types

� Commercial

� Residential

� Institutional

� Hospitals

� Hotels

� Any building as long as its not a factory building

5 climatic zones

� Hot – Dry

� Warm – Humid

� Composite

� Temperate

� Cold

Salient features of GRIHA: Versatile rating system

Salient features of GRIHA

� Climate specific energy performance indices for various building typologies (defined in kWh/sqm/year)

� Mandatory compliance with Energy Code

� Separate rating criteria for air conditioned and non air conditioned spaces

� Upper limit of window wall ratio mandatory to be met

� Window solar heat gain limit specified (mandatory)

� Adaptive comfort encouraged to be followed

� Daylighting mandatory

� 1% connected load of space conditioning and lighting to be met through RE

• 30% to 40% reduction in cost with negligible impact on project cost

• Resource use optimisation through design– 30%-70% energy consumption reduction

– 50%-60% water consumption reduction

• Implementation of good practice on site

• Integration of renewable energy– Estimated 9 MW of SPV and 2000 kl SWH systems and full compliance with

ECBC (for 10 mn sq m)

– 5-30% of lighting energy consumption or its equivalent met through RE

– Outdoor lighting on RE

– Waste to energy

– 20-70% of water heating needs met with solar water heating (also in sync with ECBC requirement for threshold value)

• Influencing and implementing policy

Impact of GRIHA

Optimization of energy use through solar passive building design &ECBC compliance

Station cum commercial complex for Delhi

Metro Rail Corporation(16 hour /day use)

Tonnage of air conditioning brought down from 1500 TR to 875 TR

Saving of approximately USD 650,000 in capital cost reduction only

Typical office building- 8 hr use

� 30% - 50% reduction in energy consumption compared to GRIHA benchmarks

� 40 - 65 % reduction in building water consumption compared to GRIHA base case

� At no/negligible incremental cost

200kwhr/sqm/annum

100kwhr/sqm/annum

45 lpd

31.5 lpd

• Passive architectural

design

• Daylight integration

• Shaded windows

• Roof insulation

• RE integration

• Solar water heaters

• Low flow fixtures

Suzlon One Earth Campus, Maharashtra

GRIHA Rated

� Visibility of green building through implementation of RE

� Installed 13.44kWp of SPV & 18 windmills @4.75 kW each

� Generate approximately 250000 units of electricity through RE

� Energy consumption reduction compared to GRIHA benchmarks: 47%

Police Training School, Turuchi, Maharashtra

GRIHA Rated

� Visibility of green building through implementation of RE

� 21.5% of internal lighting annual energy requirements met by renewables.

� 28,105 kWh electricity generated from 1kVA of solar power and 13 windmills with power capacity of 5.5kW each.

� Energy savings compared to GRIHA benchmark: 31%

Initiatives of the Indian Green Building Council

Indian Green Building Council (IGBC) initiatives

(voluntary)

• 7 variants of LEED and IGBC rating system

(homes, townships, new construction, SEZs,

factories, core and shell)

• 1.19 bn sq ft registered

• 254 rated projects

Incentivising EE housing through low interest

consumer loans

TERI study on innovative financing for EE housing

• KfW to provide a credit line to NHB of up to Euro 50 million

• Promote Energy Efficient Housing

• Refinance or Direct Finance mechanism

• Designing for implementation of promotional programme for EE new housing

KfW

NHB

Public agencies

Private developers

Primary lending

institutions (PLIs)

Refinance Project Finance

End-users

loan vending

Energy Efficient housing: Application of solar passive design in

conjunction with select measures from the Energy Conservation

Building Code

Base Case parameters• FALG brick wall with cement plaster on both sides• RCC roof• 6mm single clear glass with MS frame• Incandescent lamp, T-12• one-star window AC in bedrooms and living room

ECBC compliant• Wall insulation• Roof insulation with reflective coating•Single glazed Window with SC compliant with ECBC• CFL, T-5• five-star rated ACs in bedrooms and living room

Recommended case• Wall shading• Sakora roof with reflective coating• ECBC compliant window• CFL, T-5• five-star rated Acs in bedrooms and living room

EPIbase :

152 kWh/m2/annum

EPIECBCenvelope

:111 kWh/m2/annum

EPIeff.light_fivestar

eAC :79 kWh/m2/annum

EPIbase :

152 kWh/m2/annum

EPIrecommended

case 119 kWh/m2/annum

EPIeff.light_fivestar

eAC :86 kWh/m2/annum

Annual energy savings:

73 kWH/m2

Annual energy savings:

66 kWh/m2

Assumptions• People- 100% occupancy for 24 hrs• Lighting- 100% for 18hrs -22hrs• AC- Living room-12hr-20hrs• AC-Bedroom-13hr -14hr

-21hr-6hr

Payback period: 4-

7 years

Thank YouThank You