cib tg66 north america webinar 2010-10-12 4 evangelina hirata
DESCRIPTION
The North American session of the international webinar series,"THE IMPLEMENTATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS POLICIES IN 5 CONTINENTS" was held on October 12, 2010 9:00 am, Eastern Daylight Time (New York, GMT-04:00). The agenda for the free 2-hour webinar was: · North America: Public and Private Measures for Fostering the Adaptation of Green Building Practices, Jonathan Westeinde, Chair, Green Building Advisory Group, North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation · United States: Country Report on Building Energy Codes & Standards Regulation in the United States, Darren B. Meyers, Technical Director, Energy Programs, International Code Council · Canada: Canadian Energy Efficient Building Policies, James Clark, Buildings Division, Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resources Canada · Mexico: Toward Energy Efficiency in Housing in Mexico, Evangelina Hirata, Consultant on Energy Efficiency in Housing · United States: Beyond the Code -- Energy, Carbon, and Cost Savings using Conventional Building Technologies, Joshua Kneifel, Economist, National Institute of Standards and TechnologyTRANSCRIPT
The Implementation of Energy Efficient The Implementation of Energy Efficient The Implementation of Energy Efficient The Implementation of Energy Efficient
Buildings Policies in 5 ContinentsBuildings Policies in 5 ContinentsBuildings Policies in 5 ContinentsBuildings Policies in 5 Continents
Webinar October, 12, 2010
MEXICO: ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN HOUSING
Evangelina Hirata NagasakoConsultant in Energy Efficiency in Housing
IMPACT OF BUILDINGS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Buildings have an important impact on both the health of the environment and the Buildings have an important impact on both the health of the environment and the Buildings have an important impact on both the health of the environment and the Buildings have an important impact on both the health of the environment and the
people who live in them people who live in them people who live in them people who live in them
•MexicoMexicoMexicoMexico is among the first 16 countries with
the higher levels in GHG (greenhouse gas
emissions)
• Environment quality is related to people’s
comfort and preservation of our natural
Total GHG emissions by country 1988Total GHG emissions by country 1988Total GHG emissions by country 1988Total GHG emissions by country 1988
Million tonMillion tonMillion tonMillion ton
comfort and preservation of our natural
resources
• In home building it means careful
attention to the principles of edification to
promote changes in the design and in the
way of living
• The goal is to reduce the consumption of
purchased energy to reduce GHG emissions
ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSING
32%
• Energy Efficiency- The residential sector represents 32% of the energy consumption - Energy in the residential sector is mainly used for lighting, gas,
space heating and cooling, use of appliances.- Consumed electricity per home in a temperate climate is approx. of
2.4 KWh per year
Residential
Residential
8%
1%2%
3%
54%
32%
Commercial Public Agricultural
Transport Industrial Residential
Industrial
Energy includes: Natural Gas, LP Gas and Electricity. Source: Secretariat of EnergyEnergy includes: Natural Gas, LP Gas and Electricity. Source: Secretariat of EnergyEnergy includes: Natural Gas, LP Gas and Electricity. Source: Secretariat of EnergyEnergy includes: Natural Gas, LP Gas and Electricity. Source: Secretariat of Energy
Residential
GWh 39,863
Consumo Sector
Doméstico
25%
GWh Otro 120,521
Consumo Nacional
75%
� Historically, the residential sector has been Historically, the residential sector has been Historically, the residential sector has been Historically, the residential sector has been
the largest consumer of electricity, not only in the largest consumer of electricity, not only in the largest consumer of electricity, not only in the largest consumer of electricity, not only in
terms of quantity but also in the number of usersterms of quantity but also in the number of usersterms of quantity but also in the number of usersterms of quantity but also in the number of users
This represents 32% of total energy consumption This represents 32% of total energy consumption This represents 32% of total energy consumption This represents 32% of total energy consumption
It is estimated that consumed energy in Mexico is It is estimated that consumed energy in Mexico is It is estimated that consumed energy in Mexico is It is estimated that consumed energy in Mexico is
used for:used for:used for:used for:
ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN HOUSING
used for:used for:used for:used for:
61% 61% 61% 61% cookingcookingcookingcooking
28% 28% 28% 28% water heating water heating water heating water heating
5% 5% 5% 5% lightinglightinglightinglighting
3% 3% 3% 3% coolingcoolingcoolingcooling
In comparison, in OCDE countries the largest In comparison, in OCDE countries the largest In comparison, in OCDE countries the largest In comparison, in OCDE countries the largest
amount of energy consumed is used for space amount of energy consumed is used for space amount of energy consumed is used for space amount of energy consumed is used for space
heating and water heatingheating and water heatingheating and water heatingheating and water heating
40% of the total energy produced40% of all raw materials25% forest products16% of fresh water
ENERGY CONSUMPTION IN BUILDINGS
Buildings consume:Buildings consume:Buildings consume:Buildings consume:
Buildings produce:Buildings produce:Buildings produce:Buildings produce:
35% of CO2 total emissions40% of total solid residues 50% of total FCCs (degrading substances of the ozone layer)
Buildings produce:Buildings produce:Buildings produce:Buildings produce:
5.65.9
9.6
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
Households per Income (2005)
HOME MORTGAGES ALLOCATED BY INCOMEmillions
4.6
5.6
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
Up to 3 MW More than 3 to 5 MW More than 5 to 8 MW. More than 8 MW.
2005
37.3% 22.9% 17.9% 21.9%
millions
HOME CONSTRUCTION
� Middle and
upper income
housing
� Housing Developers
� Land owner
(w/architect & contractors)
� Housing Developers
Single – family
detached
( 2 to 50 houses)
Multi - family or single family housing developments
ByByByBy whomwhomwhomwhom Home Home Home Home typetypetypetypeHousesHousesHousesHouses builtbuiltbuiltbuilt
� Low income
housing
� Housing Developers
� Self-construction
Multi - family or single family housing developments
(100 to 2500 houses)
WHO BUILDS LOW INCOME HOUSING IN MEXICO?
TheTheTheThe tentententen largestlargestlargestlargest homebuildershomebuildershomebuildershomebuilders inininin MéxicoMéxicoMéxicoMéxico buildbuildbuildbuild 25252525 –––– 45454545%%%% ofofofof thethethethe housinghousinghousinghousing
marketmarketmarketmarket
MediumMediumMediumMedium---- andandandand lowlowlowlow----incomeincomeincomeincome housinghousinghousinghousing subdivisionssubdivisionssubdivisionssubdivisions producedproducedproducedproduced bybybyby thesethesethesetheseMediumMediumMediumMedium---- andandandand lowlowlowlow----incomeincomeincomeincome housinghousinghousinghousing subdivisionssubdivisionssubdivisionssubdivisions producedproducedproducedproduced bybybyby thesethesethesethese
developersdevelopersdevelopersdevelopers havehavehavehave 100100100100 –––– 200200200200 houseshouseshouseshouses onononon averageaverageaverageaverage....
However,However,However,However, somesomesomesome ofofofof thethethethe biggestbiggestbiggestbiggest housinghousinghousinghousing developmentsdevelopmentsdevelopmentsdevelopments havehavehavehave moremoremoremore thanthanthanthan
15151515,,,,000000000000 unitsunitsunitsunits....
BecauseBecauseBecauseBecause ofofofof thethethethe limitedlimitedlimitedlimited urbanurbanurbanurban landlandlandland availability,availability,availability,availability, homebuildershomebuildershomebuildershomebuilders havehavehavehave urbanurbanurbanurban
reservesreservesreservesreserves equivalentequivalentequivalentequivalent totototo 2222 ---- 5555 yearsyearsyearsyears andandandand areareareare continuouslycontinuouslycontinuouslycontinuously acquiringacquiringacquiringacquiring moremoremoremore....
HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS
HOUSING DEVELOPMENTS
HOUSING POLICY. CONAVI – Mexico’s National Housing Agency
� To establish Mexico’s Housing Policy
� To propose housing sector regulations and policies and promote the generation of promote the generation of uniform systems and regulations that harmonize the criteria for quality housing
� To promote sustainable housing development.
SUSTAINABLE HOUSING NATIONAL POLICY
►To promote sustainability standards for housing and urban development based on the following key issues:
promoting occupants’ healthpromoting occupants’ healthpromoting occupants’ healthpromoting occupants’ health
enhancing energy efficiency,enhancing energy efficiency,enhancing energy efficiency,enhancing energy efficiency,
improving the efficient use of natural resourcesimproving the efficient use of natural resourcesimproving the efficient use of natural resourcesimproving the efficient use of natural resources
encouraging environmental responsibility, and encouraging environmental responsibility, and encouraging environmental responsibility, and encouraging environmental responsibility, and
keeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordablekeeping it affordable
►To promote the development and use of new technologies for energy efficiency to minimize environmental impact.
►To participate in international efforts to reduce globalwarming according to the Kyoto Protocol by reducingemissions produced by the housing industry.
SUSTAINABLE HOUSING POLICY IN MEXICO
Regulation
Research & development
Standards, codes, certification
Building materials, building systems,
evaluation, etc.
RESIDENTIAL CODERESIDENTIAL CODERESIDENTIAL CODERESIDENTIAL CODE
SUSTAINABILITY CRITERIASUSTAINABILITY CRITERIASUSTAINABILITY CRITERIASUSTAINABILITY CRITERIA
CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT CLEAN DEVELOPMENT
MECHANISMMECHANISMMECHANISMMECHANISM
Financing instruments for builders, manufacturers
and buyers
Training and information
Subsidies, Green mortgage, Carbon
certificates, Fiscal and administrative incentives
evaluation, etc.
Building materials, building systems,
evaluation, etc.
MECHANISMMECHANISMMECHANISMMECHANISM
GREEN MORTGAGEGREEN MORTGAGEGREEN MORTGAGEGREEN MORTGAGE
SUBSIDIES PROGRAMSUBSIDIES PROGRAMSUBSIDIES PROGRAMSUBSIDIES PROGRAM
SUSTAINABLE HOUSING SUSTAINABLE HOUSING SUSTAINABLE HOUSING SUSTAINABLE HOUSING
CERTIFICATIONCERTIFICATIONCERTIFICATIONCERTIFICATION
VERIFICATION AND VERIFICATION AND VERIFICATION AND VERIFICATION AND
CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS,CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS,CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS,CERTIFICATION SYSTEMS,
STRATEGIC PROGRAMS
� Technical Criteria for Sustainable Housing Developments
� Site selection and urban development
� Infrastructure and services
� Project Design: solar passive systems
� Building materials (insulation)
� Energy efficient technologies (lighting fixtures, solar water heater)
� Efficient use of water (water treatment, reutilization, rain water)� Efficient use of water (water treatment, reutilization, rain water)
� Home maintenance and solid waste management
� Promote Technologies for sustainable homes.
�Residential Building CodeResidential Building CodeResidential Building CodeResidential Building Code, a model code to be adopted by local
authorities to set minimum building standards, including sustainable
criteria.
�Federal subsidies for new houses and Green MortgagesGreen MortgagesGreen MortgagesGreen Mortgages
�Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)
Strategies for energy efficiency in large housing projects and single family
dwellings in Mexico
TopicsTopicsTopicsTopics:
EFFICIENT USE AND ENERGY SAVING
• Bioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic Architecture
ENERGY EFFICIENCY CRITERIA
• Bioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic ArchitectureBioclimatic Architecture
• Materials and productsMaterials and productsMaterials and productsMaterials and products
• New Technology (equipmentNew Technology (equipmentNew Technology (equipmentNew Technology (equipment))))
RENEWABLE ENERGY
• Solar energy for water heatingSolar energy for water heatingSolar energy for water heatingSolar energy for water heating
• Photovoltaic: Returning energy onto Photovoltaic: Returning energy onto Photovoltaic: Returning energy onto Photovoltaic: Returning energy onto
the power gridthe power gridthe power gridthe power grid
– Architectural ProjectArchitectural ProjectArchitectural ProjectArchitectural Project
• General CharacteristicsGeneral CharacteristicsGeneral CharacteristicsGeneral Characteristics
• Solar controlSolar controlSolar controlSolar control
• Ventilation• Windows• Building Systems and
Materials• Green Areas
BIOCLIMATIC ARCHITECTURE
• Green Areas• Other climate control
equipment
� Energy Saving Technology� Lighting� Gas� House appliances
� Energy Saving Standards
ENERGY SAVINGS
• Renewable Energy
– Rights for solar radiation
– Solar Water Heater Panels
– Solar power to electricity• Photovoltaic Panels
Technical Criteria for
Sustainable Housing Developments
Green Homes
Urban development
CDM, TechnologiesA.A.A.A. Location, densities, vertical Location, densities, vertical Location, densities, vertical Location, densities, vertical edification and servicesedification and servicesedification and servicesedification and services
I.I.I.I. Integration and proximity to the urban Integration and proximity to the urban Integration and proximity to the urban Integration and proximity to the urban zonezonezonezone
HOUSING PUBLIC POLICY INTEGRATED TO
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Territorial ordering
Green Homes
Different combinations of Different combinations of Different combinations of Different combinations of
technologies:technologies:technologies:technologies:
•Efficient lightingEfficient lightingEfficient lightingEfficient lighting
•Thermal envelope Thermal envelope Thermal envelope Thermal envelope
•Solar water heating Solar water heating Solar water heating Solar water heating
•Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaic systems Photovoltaic systems
•Efficient air conditioning Efficient air conditioning Efficient air conditioning Efficient air conditioning
•Systems for water saving Systems for water saving Systems for water saving Systems for water saving
zonezonezonezone
II.II.II.II. InfrastructureInfrastructureInfrastructureInfrastructure
III.III.III.III. Land use and housing densityLand use and housing densityLand use and housing densityLand use and housing density
B. Efficient use of energy and water
I. Gas, electric power and thermal envelope
II. Passive systems: Urban and architectural design
III. Water availability, water supply in housing
IV. Wastewater and graywater
C. Solid waste management
I. In housing
II. Green areas
MEXICO’S CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROGRAM (CDM) FOR HOUSING
� This program allows projects that
individually would not be feasible for CDM,
to have access to Carbon Stock
Certificates.
�The methodology to measure�The methodology to measure
emissions reductions was
approved by the Executive Board of
the Clean Development
Mechanism of UNFCC on July 17th,
2009
� This methodology is applied to large housing developmentswith common characteristics, such as built area, buildingmaterials, cost, and socio-economic level of occupants.
� It requires the development of a database to provideinformation about gas emissions from houses.
� It requires establishing a monitoring system between the
MEXICO’S CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM PROGRAM (CDM) FOR HOUSING
traditional housing as the baseline and sustainable housing.
� The program sets the precedent for any potential commitmentsin a post-Kyoto regime and allow to the government program togenerate carbon credits
� PoA rules now allow for the inclusion of more than onemethodology. This program will use:
AMS-I.C (for solar water heaters)AMS-III.AE (for electricity efficiency)
CHARACTERISTICS AND ELEMENTS IN THE METHODOLOGY
�Passive solar designs
�Windows overhangs
�Cross ventilation
�Heat bombs
�Insulation
�Efficient technologies
Renewable energyRenewable energyRenewable energyRenewable energy Reductions in gas Reductions in gas Reductions in gas Reductions in gas
consumptionconsumptionconsumptionconsumption
�Solar water heaters
�Automatic water
heaters
�Photovoltaic systems
Reductions in Reductions in Reductions in Reductions in
energy useenergy useenergy useenergy use
�Efficient technologies
�lighting
�Air conditioning
� NeedsNeedsNeedsNeeds aaaa strategystrategystrategystrategy forforforfor thethethethe useuseuseuse ofofofof PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics andandandand totototo establishestablishestablishestablish technicaltechnicaltechnicaltechnical
requirementsrequirementsrequirementsrequirements andandandand standardsstandardsstandardsstandards
� DevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopmentDevelopment ofofofof innovativeinnovativeinnovativeinnovative technologiestechnologiestechnologiestechnologies atatatat competitivecompetitivecompetitivecompetitive pricespricespricesprices
ESTIMATED ANNUAL EMISSIONS
Baseline Scenario
TemperateVery hot during
summer Hot all year
Emissions Ton of CO2
Electricity 0.74 2.26 3.79
Gas 0.98 0.98 0.20
TOTAL 1.71 3.24 3.99
Sustainable Housing Scenario
TemperateVery hot during
summer Hot all year
Emissions Ton of CO2
Electricity 0.62 1.06 1.51
Gas 0.49 0.49 0.20
TOTAL 1.10 1.55 1.71
TOWARDS NET-ZERO ENERGY IN HOUSING
To achieve a balance in housing between the energy consumedand the energy produced over a year’s term, a series of elementsrelated to an efficient use of the energy in combination with theuse of renewable energy programs, such as photovoltaic systems,are utilized.are utilized.
REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS
� Use sustainability criteria in a Residential Building
Code towards a “Green Building Code”
� The CEV’s Sustainability Chapter is aimed to provide
criteria for a rating system for green residential buildings
RESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE CEVRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE CEVRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE CEVRESIDENTIAL BUILDING CODE CEV
The CEV’s Sustainability Chapter is aimed to provide
criteria for a rating system for green residential buildings
� Criteria in the Residential Building Code shall be
considered part of the requirements of a Clean
Development Mechanism CDM
FINANCING INSTRUMENTS
� Federal Subsidies
The federal government through the program Esta es tu casa, (This is your Home)
contributes to the building of sustainable housing by giving subsidies to low income
housing buyers that are not able to cover financing granted.
Houses shall include basic technical criteria:• Gas,• Electricity• Water
Home buyers are able to get savings on:• Energy consumption• Utility payments (gas, electricity and water)• CO2 emissions
� Green Mortgage
Green mortgage is based on additional capacity generated from savings in consumption
of electricity, gas and water.
Thus, permitting to increase the amount of credit that an employee is entitled to because
of a higher home value derived of the energy efficiency technologies.
FINAL REMARKS
� Mexico is committed to continue the energy efficiency programs inhousing in the short and long terms; these programs are integratedto a CO2 reductions programs.
� Through federal programs, home builders are encouraged to buildlow income housing that includes sustainable characteristics.low income housing that includes sustainable characteristics.
� The manufacturer sector of green technologies has grown to offerhome builders, the products they need at a much more competitiveprice.
� The challenge is that every new house built in Mexico, it's built withsustainable criteria that results in energy savings and CO2reductions to the atmosphere among other benefits toenvironment.
ThankThankThankThank youyouyouyou
Evangelina Hirata [email protected]