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India's domestic energy requirement is met by coal combustion to the extent of about 60%. Currently the country produces about 500 MT of coal per year, 80% of which comes from opencast mines. There has been a great need to substantially increase the coal production in the coming decade to meet our growing economy.

Unfortunately, many of Indian opencast mines are reaching their pit limits. Existence of surface dwellings in many places limits the expansion of currently running opencast mines. Also, in many cases the overburden becomes so high that coal extraction becomes uneconomical. But with the use of highwall machines, a cutter is placed on the top of a continuous miner kind of material, and taken through a conveyor inside the seam, which is almost 500-600 m deep inside. That was not possible till now, and large amounts remained untapped owing to limited means and high cost of mining of that seam.

Highwall mining is a new technology which can extend the life of opencast mines without disturbing the surface dwellings, and maintaining economy and productivity. This technology is in use in United States and Australia but yet to be introduced in Indian coalfields. It is a remotely operated coal mining technology closely related to underground mining machinery. The method comprises extraction of coal from a series of parallel entries driven in the coal seam from the face of the highwall. These entries are unmanned, unsupported and unventilated.

The Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research (CIMFR), Dhanbad, is instrumental in adapting this new technology for Indian geomining conditions by providing scientific extraction design for the first two Highwall Mining sites at Ramagundem Opencast Project-II of M/s Singareni Collieries Company Ltd (SCCL) and Quarry SEB and AB, West Bokaro of M/s Tata Steel Ltd (TSL).

CIMFR designs First Highwall Mining in India

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Indian geomining conditions arefound to be widely different fromthose existing in other parts of theworld, with the existence of multipleseams and frequently varyinggeology. CIMFR had conducted aseries of numerical modellingstudies coupled with empiricalapproach and decades of experiencein coal mine geomechanics to comeup with optimum highwall miningextraction designs. The designs alsoconsider safety during Highwall

Mining operations, maximum coalrecovery and protection of surfaceand sub-surface properties. Coalrecovery of up to 60% has beendesigned by CIMFR at the abovemining sites. In the process, novelapproaches for pillar designing havealso been formulated specifically forlong and slender web pillars formedduring Highwall Mining operations.

Recently Dr John P. Loui,Scientist-‘EI’ and Dr P. Pal Roy,Scientist-‘G’ of CIMFR Highwall

Mining team visited USA to gatherpractical experience on HighwallMining operation and meetrenowned experts, so that in future,this type of work can be carried outat any complex rock-geologiccondition with much ease andconfidence, using formulations andbase-data generated by CIMFR andother Indian organizations. Theyacquired reach experience,knowledge and understanding byvisiting Colowayo mine, Denver

Fig. 1 : Elastic model geometry of OCP-II highwall mining of SCCL Fig. 2 : Stress-strain curve and plasticity states of a Model of OCP-II, SCCL

Fig. 3 : ADDCAR Highwall Mining in operation at Miller Brothers

Coal LLC, Kentucky, USA

Fig. 4 : View of 15 working benches of both Coal and OB of Quarry-SEB ofM/s Tata Steel Limited (TSL), West Bokaro where CIMFR-designed highwall

mining would start shortly

xy

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Plastic stateElasticshear-n shear-pshear-n shear-p tension-pshear-n tension-n shear-p tension-pshear-pshear-p tension-ptension-p

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where multiple seam HighwallMining is undertaken and alsowitnessing Highwall Miningoperation at Miller Brothers CoalLLC, Kentucky and meeting Dr

David Newman, President,Appalachian Mining & Engineering,Inc., who is active in HighwallMining design in eastern USA.

With the scientific design

capability developed by CIMFR, thecoal mining companies in India andabroad can now procure themachinery and extract the locked upcoal resource safely andeconomically. This noteworthy workhas been possible as a result ofdedicated involvement of a group ofscientists among which Dr John P.Loui and Dr C. Sawmliana acted asProject Leaders at both the sites DrP. Pal Roy acted as Coordinatorwhile Dr Amalendu Sinha, Director,CIMFR provided his skilful adviceand guidance.

Fig. 5 : Stress-strain curves for width/height ratio of 2.5 in(a) long pillar (b) equivalent square pillar of Quarry SEB, TSL

Fig. 6 : Closer view of safety factor contours in (A) Seam XI and (B) Seams XU, XL, IX and VIII of Quarry SEB of TSL

A

Block contour of Safety factor

0.0 to 0.50.5 to 1.01.0 to 1.51.5 to 2.02.0 to 2.52.5 to 3.03.0 to 3.5> 3.0 B

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The Indo-German Iron Fertiliza-tion Experiment LOHAFEX

(LOHA in Hindi for iron, FEX forFertilization EXperiment), acollaborative venture betweenNational Institute of Oceanographyof CSIR and Alfred- WegenerInstitute – Helm Boltz Association,Germany, was carried out from theGerman research vessel“Polarstern” in the southwestAtlantic from 7 January to 17 March2009. The interdisciplinary team of48 scientists from India (29),Germany (10), Italy (3), Spain (2), UK(2), France and Chile (1 each) onboard “Polarstern” closelycollaborated in monitoring the algalbloom expected to grow in thefertilized patch of ocean andstudying its effects on the chemistryand biology for at least 45 days.

The results of LOHAFEX willbe of great interest to both oceanecologists and geochemists becausethe minute, unicellular algaesuspended in the sunlit surface layerknown as phytoplankton not onlyprovide the food sustaining alloceanic life but also play a key rolein regulating concentrations of thegreenhouse gas CO2 in theatmosphere.

The Southern Ocean encirclingAntarctica is rich in the nutrientsnitrate, phosphate and silicon butthe phytoplankton growth is limitedby the supply of iron which is acrucial ingredient of all organisms.

Iron is highly insoluble in sea water,so, unlike the other nutrients, isquickly lost in sinking particles.Addition of trace amounts of iron tothese waters, whether from naturalsources (contact with land massesand via settling dust blown of thecontinents) or by artificial ironfertilization (from a ship releasingdissolved iron sulfate to the surfacelayer), results in rapid algal growthleading to development ofphytoplankton blooms.

Phytoplankton grow by taking upCO2 dissolved in sea water andconverting the carbon into biomass(organic matter). Because the CO2

dissolved in the ocean’s surface layeris in equilibrium with theatmosphere, blooms cause a deficit,which is compensated by uptakefrom the atmosphere. The fate of thebloom biomass determines how longthis CO2 is retained in the ocean. Ifthe organicmatter isrecycled bybacteria andzooplankton- unicellularp r o t o z o aand a varietyof smallanimals thatgraze onphytoplankton- within thes u r f a c elayer, and

the iron selectively lost, then the CO2

taken up is returned to theatmosphere within months.However, the organic particles in theform of phytoplankton cells andzooplankton faecal material thatsettle out of the surface layersequester CO2 for longer time scalesdepending on how deep they sink.Carbon transported in particles thatsink below 3,000 m is sequesteredfor centuries and the portion buriedin the sediments for much longer.

Five iron fertilizationexperiments in the Southern Oceanhave created phytoplankton bloomsbut only in the previous experimentEIFEX carried out from Polarstern,was it possible to actually follow therain of particles sinking through theunderlying deep water columnbecause the experiment was carriedout in the closed core of a stationary,rotating eddy. LOHAFEX was also

Indo-German Open Ocean Experiment to TestEffects of Iron Fertilization on Ecology and CarbonUptake Potential of Southern Ocean (LOHAFEX)

German research vessel Polarstern.

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conducted in a pre-selected eddy but thesize of the patch wastwice as large – 300km2 fertilized with 20tonnes of iron sulfate.EIFEX had to beterminated after 35days while the bloomwas still growing andsinking butLOHAFEX last 10days longer andquantified the amountsinking to depth moreaccurately.

Another goal ofLOHAFEX was tostudy the effects ofiron fertilization on thezooplankton, inparticular the shrimp-like krill, which is themain food of Antarcticpenguins, seals andwhales. Stocks of krillhave declined by over80% during the pastdecades and theirresponse to the iron-fertilized bloom willindicate whether thedecline is due todeclining productivityof the region for whichthere is evidence.Thus, large-scale ironfertilization of the krillhabitat could well helpin boosting theirstocks to their formerhigh densities andfacilitate long-termrecovery of thedecimated great whalepopulations.

Fig. 1 : Pictorial view of experimental setup

Fig. 2 : Schematic of lift & drag load mechanism

790 x 215 x32mm against asimulated liftand drag loada c t i n gsimultaneously.i.e. resultant liftload of 331.6 kgand drag load of33.16 kg actingat the C.G ofthe Mousche.The SMA bankconsists of 130

As part of the project titled “Deploy ment of Mousche Using Shape

Memory Alloy” awarded byAeronautical Development Agency(ADA) under the DISMAS programmea 2000 kg (2Tonne) force generatingsmart Shape Memory Alloy (SMA)actuator bank has been developed at

Advanced Composites Division of theNational Aerospace Laboratories(NAL), Bangalore. The SMA actuatorbank moves a distance of 15mm whilegenerating a net actuator force of over2000 kg. This force is used to deploy theadditional aerodynamic surface(referred to as ‘Mousche’) measuring

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2-Tonne Force Generating Shape MemoryAlloy Actuator Bank

Front view

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Output ShaftMouscheInclined tracks

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wires of about 1mm indiameter and 650mm inlength. The actuation ofthese 130 wires iselectronically andmechanically synchronized.The Mousche has beenanalyzed using standardFEM codes for the combinedlift and drag load.Experimental and analysisvalues have matched well.The electronics circuitassembly of Smart ActuatorDriver Electronics (SADE)that powers the SMAactuator bank has beendesigned and developed inthe form of Mother andDaughter boards. EachDaughter board is having sixminiaturized DC-DCconverters and the requiredpower and control signals arerouted to the Motherboard.The SADE has beenintegrated to carry out thefull load test. NI 6009 DAQcard along with GUIsoftware LabVIEW is used toconduct the experiments. The assembly of the SMAbank along with Mousche isshown in figure 1. Theschematic diagram ofthe drag load and lift loadmechanism is shown infigure 2.

The NAL teamresponsible for developmentof this AMA actuator bankconsists of : G.N. Dayananda,P.Senthilkumar, S. Jayasankar,Byji Varughese, B. Ramanaiah,Satisha and H.V. Ramachandra.

Give a man a fish and you have fed him for a day, teach him fishing andyou have fed him for a lifetime. This was exactly the message of the

one- day seminar on ‘Safeguarding of Intellectual Property Rights’ organizedat National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore, on 1 May 2009 by NAL’sKnowledge and Technology Management Division (KTMD). It was theconcluding seminar of the series of conferences held as part of the GoldenJubilee celebrations of NAL.

The objective of the seminar was to spread awareness, motivate and educatethe scientists about the importance of intellectual property through an arrayof expert lectures.

Seminar on Safeguarding ofIntellectual Property Rights

Symposium onHealthy Life in Platinum Years

and Thereafter

A national symposium on ‘Healthy Life in Platinum Years and Thereafter’ was held at the North-East Institute of Science & Technology (NEIST),

Jorhat, on 19 March 2009. NEIST organized this event in collaboration withthe CSIR Pensioners Welfare Association (CPWA), NER Branch, Jorhat andAll India CSIR Pensioners Welfare Association. It was attended by Prof SamirK Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR; Dr G. Thyagarajan, former Directorof NEIST (then called Regional Research Laboratory, RRL-Jorhat); Dr P.G.Rao, Director, NEIST; Dr B.N. Dhawan, former Director, CDRI; Dr V.P.Kamboj, President, CPWA; renowned scientists and doctors from all over India,invited dignitaries, media personnel and NEIST fraternity and CPWAmembers. Dr P.G. Rao extended a warm welcome to the distinguished gatheringand mentioned about CPWA’s activities and its role in the society.

The symposium was inaugurated by Prof Brahmachari, Dr Thyagarajan,and other dignitaries. Prof Brahmachari also released a souvenir, symposiumbrochure and launched a new website of CPWA. Speaking on the occasion, heremarked that unconditional love and happiness were the key to healthy lifeand advised the retired people to take part in societal development. The keynoteaddress was delivered by Dr B.N. Dhawan. Dr V.P. Kamboj on behalf of AllIndia CPWA, Lucknow, also delivered a lecture on the occasion. Lectures on‘Management of age related degenerative disorders’, ‘Heart related disordersin old age’, ‘Role of indigenous systems of medicine’, ‘Health foods for healthyaging’ and ‘Financial Planning and Management’ were delivered by the experts.The technical session was followed by a panel discussion and severalrecommendations were made.

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The Indian Society for Advancement of Materials andProcess Engineering (ISAMPE), dedicated to the

promotion of Materials and Process Technology in thiscountry was founded in September 1985, with the aim ofbringing together scientists, engineers, academicians,industrialists and private entrepreneurs of the Materials andProcessing community to a common platform to promote thematerials and process technology in this country. The 23rdAnnual General Meeting (AGM), of ISAMPE was held atthe National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL), Bangalore, on12 June 2009

Shri P.S. Subramanyam, Director, ADA, Bangalore, whowas the Chief Guest on the occasion, delivered the keynoteaddress, ‘On Role of Composites in the Light Combat Aircraft(Tejas) Programme of ADA’. Expressing his happiness overthe composites development for the TEJAS programme heopined that the country needs to continue to forge aheadwith newer innovations.

The Vijay Zaveri Memorial Lecture was delivered by ShriPramod Rastogi, Chief Manager, CMD, HAL, Bangalore,on ‘Trends in Composite Manufacturing’. He gave a bird’seye view on the low cost manufacturing techniques.

Presiding over the meeting, Dr A. R. Upadhya Directorcomplemented ISAMPE for successfully carrying forwardthe vision of its founder President, late Prof A.K. Rao. Heopined that composites was on firm grounds and ISAMPEshould try and foster other newer areas like nano technology,smart composites and the like.

Dr S. Sridhara Murthy chaired the technical session withthe theme on Advances in processing technologies. Dr SatishV Kailas, Associate Professor, Department of MechanicalEngineering Indian Institute of Science, gave a talk on‘Friction Stir Welding’; Shri A. Udayakumar, Scientist,Materials Science Division, NAL, on ‘Monolithic andComposite-based Ceramic Products for AerospaceApplications’ and Mr M.S. Velpari, Chief Manager(Development), F&F Division, Hindustan AeronauticsLimited, Bangalore, on ‘An Overview of AdvancedManufacturing Processes in Forging, Casting and PowderMetallurgy Components’. All the talks were followed byfruitful deliberations.

Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) play animportant role in the development of

Innovation-driven sectors like Drugs &Pharmaceuticals. There has been a recentspurt in promoting various aspects of IPRsduring the last decade, and efforts continue toadequately expose the scientific community tothe complex issues involved.

The S&T knowledge Resource Centre ofCentral Drug Research Institute (CDRI),Lucknow, organized an IPR Awareness GeneralWorkshop on 26 April 2009—the WorldIntellectual Property Day declared by WIPO.

The workshop was meant not only for S&Tstaff of CDRI but also for all the other CSIRLabs of Lucknow, besides other S&T as well asacademic institutions in town. In keeping withWIPO’s focus this year on promoting GreenInnovation as the key to a secure future, thefocal theme was covered in ‘IPRs for TraditionalHealth Systems’.

Dr Sheela Tandon, Scientist-in-Charge,S&T Knowledge Resource Centre, CDRI, inher welcome address gave a brief introductionabout the purpose of workshop. Dr T.K.Chakraborty, Director, CDRI, delivered theinaugural address and Dr R. Rajashekharan,Director, CIMAP, as well as Dr K.C. Gupta,Director, IITR, presented views on theimportance of commercially viable andimportant patents.

Dr V.K. Gupta, Scientist G from NISTADS,delivered his lecture on IPR protection fortechnological development. Dr S.B. Katti,Scientist G from CDRI, in his lecture,highlighted the importance of GreenInnovations. In the context of GreenInnovations, Dr N.N. Mehrotra of CDRIdescribed the importance of innovations inTraditional Medicines and Medicinal Plantsand an alternative framework for their IPRprotection. Dr Shashi Rana of CST-UP gavean overview of IPR status in UP. Dr S.R.

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Annual General Meeting ofIndian Society for Advancement ofMaterials and Process Engineering

Workshop on IPR Awareness

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Kulkarni of CDRIdescribed variousmethodologies forpatent searches andinformation sources inpatents. Mr AdityaKant, an Attorney onPatents from Delhi,explained in details theimportance of theclause 3 (d) in thecontext of non-patentable inventions.

Besides theselectures a paneldiscussion on thetheme was organizedand a specialsupplement of ‘Drugs &Pharmaceuticals –Industry Highlights’was also published onthis occasion. Theissue has some articlesfrom the experts,besides the lists ofpatents filed andgranted to the fourCSIR Labs inLucknow. Some basicfacts on various aspectsof IPR have also beenprovided for awarenessgeneration.

More than 150scientists, researchfellows andpostgraduate studentsof pharmacy collegesand law facultyattended the workshop.Mr W.F. Rahmansummed up thefunction and proposedthe vote of thanks onbehalf of the organizingcommittee.

NEIST celebrates Foundation Day

The North-East Institute ofScience & Technology (NEIST),

Jorhat, celebrated its 48th FoundationDay on 18 March 2009. Prof. Samir K.Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR,graced the occasion as Chief Guest anddelivered the Foundation Day lecture. DrG. Thyagarajan, a former Director ofNEIST [then called Regional ResearchLaboratory (RRL-Jorhat)], IndianInstitute of Chemical Technology,

Hyderabad and Central LeatherResearch Institute, Chennai, presidedover the function. The function wasattended by scientists, inviteddignitaries, prominent citizens of thetown, students, teachers and membersof NEIST fraternity, CSIR PensionersWelfare Association members comingfrom all over the country and media.

Welcoming the gathering, Dr P.G.Rao, Director, NEIST, briefly spokeabout the activities of the institute in theNE region.

In the Foundation Day lecture, Prof.Brahmachari mentioned about theperformance of CSIR in the past andpresent and projections for the future.He pointed out that the CSIR’s futuretechnology development programmeswould have emphasis on improving thequality of life of 800 million people ofIndia, particularly the poorest of the poor.He said that there is no parallelcompetitor of CSIR in India in mattersof filing of patents or in the number of

Prof Samir K Brahmachari, Director General, CSIR,delivering the NEIST Foundation Day lecture

Students visiting NEIST during ‘Open Day’

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patents granted as well as publication of researchpapers with high impact factors. He also saidthat producing Ph. D. students still has a longway to go to set its own standards. He alsomentioned about the immense scope of NEISTin scientific research in NE region. He advisedretired CSIR staff to take the responsibility ofeducating at least one child of a poor family andthus be a part of societal development.

Prof Brahmachari also released the newlypublished NEIST Annual Report for 2007-08 andNEIST Highlights 2008-09. He also felicitatedthe 16 NEIST personnel who had retired during2008-09 for their services rendered towards thegrowth and development of the institute, andalso the staff members who had achievedexcellence and rendered exemplaryperformances in their respective fields, bypresenting them silver plaques. Certificates ofappreciation were awarded to staff members forhigh impact factor research papers, patentsgranted in India and abroad, developing noveltechnology, generating highest external cashflow, exemplary R&D support, to the best SRF,JRF and women scientist and for bestperformance in sports, etc.

In the Presidential remark, Dr Thyagarajantalked about the scope and role of retired personin societal development and said thatFoundation Day provides an opportunity toassess the performances and plan for the future.

On this occasion, four new infra facilitieswere also inaugurated by Prof Brahmachari,namely the Param Gem High PerformanceComputing Center in Geoscience, Single CrystalX–ray Diffractrometry in Analytical ChemistryDivision, Polymer Laboratory in Petroleum &Natural Gas Division and North EastExploration of Pharmaceuticals in NaturalProducts Chemistry Division. The laboratoryalso observed ‘Open Day’ for the students,teachers and others in the morning hoursbetween 10.00 am to 12.00 noon. Nearly 200students visited and interacted with NEISTscientists. The celebration concluded with abrief cultural programme in the evening.

Energy R&D for Rural DevelopmentProf. Tilak Memorial Lecture by

Dr A.K. Rajvanshi

Dr Anil K. Rajvanshi, Director, Nimbkar Agricul-tural Research Institute (NARI), Phaltan near Pune,

delivered the National Technology Day Lecture and thesixth Professor B.D. Tilak Memorial Lecture at NationalChemical Laboratory (NCL), Pune, on 22 May 2009. Apioneer in establishing a close relationship between NCLand chemical industries, Prof. Tilak was Director of NCLfrom 1966 to 1978. Prof. Tilak contributed significantly tothe country’s march towards self-reliance in chemicaltechnology. Under his dynamic leadership NCLcontributed to the establishment of several industries basedon NCL know-how. He also contributed immensely to thepreparation of science and technology plan of chemicalindustry.

Dr Rajvanshi spoke on ‘Energy R&D for RuralDevelopment’. Dr Rajvanshi remembered his associationwith Prof. Tilak, informing that Prof. Tilak was on AdvisoryBoard of NARI from 1981 till his death. In his talk, DrRajvanshi focused on rural energy scenario and problems,possible high tech solutions, energy from agriculture, andhow laboratories like NCL and NARI can collaborate insolving some of them.

Dr Ani K. Rajvanshi delivering Prof. Tilak Memorial Lecture

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Regarding rural scenario, DrRajvanshi said that even in 21stcentury and sixty year afterindependence nearly 20,000 villageshave not seen electricity and about60% of rural population has nearlynon-existent electricity. Most of ourvillagers use kerosene for lightingand consume 180-200 million tonnes/yr of biomass per annum for cookingin inefficient and smoky stoves.Because of indoor pollution fromthese ineffective devices around300,000 deaths take place every year.

Energy is the basis of life.Human Development Index isdirectly linked to electricityconsumption, but energy situationin India is alarmingly low. Ouraverage per capita consumption is5%(18 GJ/annum) compared to US(350 GJ/yr.) and our rural per capitaelectricity consumption is just 60kWh/annum, the lowest in theworld.

Energy from agriculture cansolve the twin problem of electricityand liquid fuel shortage and willprovide rural wealth and createemployment. Adequate liquid orgaseous fuels which are environmentfriendly and locally produced cansolve the cooking and lightingproblems. Dr Rajvanshirecommended the development ofhigh technology for ruraldevelopment as it will allowmaximum extraction of materialsand energy from dilute distributedresources available.

In any agriculture, 25-40% ofproduce is food and rest is residuesince there is no remunerationsfrom residues, farming isuneconomical. No industry can

survive on such norms. He informedthat India produces approx. 600million tonnes of agriculturalresidues every year. The agriculturalresidue is mostly burnt in fieldscreating environmental pollutionand loss of energy. Dr Rajvanshi saidthat the residue can be used toproduce three types of fuel such asliquid fuels like ethanol, gaseous fuellike methane (biogas) and electricityvia biomass-based power plants.Residues can give an extra incomeof Rs 2000-4000 per acre per year tothe farmers and can work asinsurance against distress sale.Increased agriculture will result inincreased residues. Farms andfarmers are the backbone of anynation since they can produce food,fuel and wealth from the land. Hightech innovations are needed forthem. Dr Rajvanshi emphasized onthe need of R&D in the areas suchas, cellulosic conversion of residuesinto ethanol, conversion of plant sapsinto useful fuel, chemical additivesfor biodiesel and ethanol, increasingstability of pyrolysis oil, high techbiogas reactor to run on residues,and residues into fertilizer.

Dr Rajvanshi said that sizereduction, sustainability, increasedefficiency, equilibrium withsurroundings and robustness arehallmark of evolution. Most of theresearch and development inagriculture, renewable energy, andsustainable development that arebeing carried out at NARI followthese routes. He also listed fewexamples of NARI’s contribution toenergy production, lighting andcooking.

Dr Rajvanshi also recommen-ded the need of decentralizedenergy production at Taluka level inthe form of biomass or coal basedplants (10-20 MW capacity), smallscale plants (10-500 kWe range), andmicro scale power units that canproduce 40-50 W power.

Dr Rajvanshi said that nearlyhalf of India’s population is belowthe age of twenty-five and masscommunication has raised theirlevel of expectations. Scientists,technologists, corporate world andGOI should work together in solvingthe rural energy problems. To makeIndia superpower, the rural poorshould be brought into mainstreamof development.

Earlier, Dr S. Sivaram, Director,NCL ,in his welcome remarksdescribed Prof. Tilak as a strongproponent of technology fordevelopment and self-reliance. ProfTilak, after his retirement, wasactive in many forums that dealtwith rural development. IntroducingDr Rajvanshi to the audience, DrSivaram said that he is a true socialentrepreneur who after educationfrom IIT-Kanpur and a doctoraldegree from USA in chemicalengineering, chose to direct hisenergy to applying appropriate S&Tto the needy of the rural population.He further said that Dr Rajvanshihas a passion for delivering energyto rural areas based on twoabundantly available resources,sunlight and biomass. People likehim can open-up our eyes to newopportunities to apply S&T to thoseat the bottom of the economicpyramid.

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Prof. J. R. Katzer, Depart-ment of Chemical and

Biological Engineering, IowaState University, USA, broughtout the common dependabilityfactor of liquid fuels between theUnited States and India whiledelivering a lecture on 5 June2009 at the National ChemicalLaboratory (NCL), Pune, as partof the Dr L. K. DoraiswamyHonour Lecture series. Thislecture was held as a part of thesymposium organized by NCL on‘Advances in Chemical Engineeringand Process Technology’(ACEPT’09). While delivering thelecture on “Liquid TransportationFuel Options”, he pointed out thatthe world is almost entirelydependent on petroleum fortransportation fuels. Stressing thatover 90% of U.S. transportation fuelcomes from petroleum, he said thatout of it two-third is imported. Ahigh dependence on petroleumtherefore engenders security,stability, risks availability, andincreasing demand growth resultingin supply restriction. Prof. Katzersaid unfortunately there was still noreal substitute for crude oil infueling the transportation sector.

Prof. Katzer highlighted theavailable options and technologiesinvolved with product costs andtheir environmental impacts withregard to particularly carbon

dioxide. He discussed in detail theconversion of coal and biomass toliquid fuels by gasification followedby Fischer- Tropsch synthesis. Healso gave optional processes ofmethanol synthesis and methanol togasoline and presented an analysisof the cost and performance.Biomass conversion by biochemicalroutes focused on cellulosic ethanol.He said, coal to liquids can produceliquid transportation fuels with life-cycle greenhouse gas emissionsequivalent to those of crude oil-derived fuels. Prof. Katzer gave thebenefits of geological storage of plantCO2 emissions over venting plantCO2 and said that geological storageof plant CO2 was cost effective. Withgeological storage of plant CO2

emissions, combining coal andbiomass (60%/40%) can producesimultaneously carbon-freetransportation fuels and carbon-free

electricity sold to the grid at a costof avoided CO2 that is about one-half that for a power plant. Prof.Katzer said, almost all routesinvolve many chemical andbiochemical engineeringchallenges at both, thefundamental science and theengineering levels. The potentialoffered by advances in bothconventional and new powertrains to impact fuel consumptionwas considered.

Dr S. Sivaram, Director,NCL, welcomed the audience andinvited them to participate in theACEPT’09 symposium. Dr Sivaramsummarized the series of nationalsymposia held earlier this year thatfocussed on catalysis, nationalmeeting of the Chemical ResearchSociety (CRSI) of India andannouncement of an upcomingsymposium in September onAdvances in Newer Materials. DrSivaram then briefed the audienceon the objectives of ACEPT andstated that it aimed at exploringrecent developments and trends inchemical engineering science andprocess technology. Dr Sivaram saidit would also provide an excellentopportunity for post-graduatestudents and young researchers tointeract with eminent scholarsworking in this area. In his welcomeremarks he stated that ACEPT wascoinciding with L. K. Doraiswamy

Prof. Katzer delivering his lecture on‘Liquid Transportation Fuel Options’

Liquid Transportation Fuel OptionsDr L. K. Doraiswamy Honour Lecture by Prof. J. R. Katzer

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Honour Lectureship series and thefelicitation ceremony of Dr B.D.Kulkarni, Deputy Director, NCL.

Dr Sivaram briefly spoke about of DrDoraiswamy in whose honour the lecturewas organized. Dr Doraiswamy, hestated, was the first non-chemist Directorat NCL who is presently the AnsonMarston Distinguished ProfessorEmeritus at Iowa State University.During his long service in CSIR heestablished an internationally reputedresearch group in chemical engineeringscience which has continued the traditionof scholarships reputation till date. Hethen welcomed Prof. James Katzer. Oncea year, representatives from Iowa StateUniversity’s Chemical and BiologicalEngineering Department, the NationalChemical Laboratory in Pune, India, andthe Department of Chemical Technologyat the University of Bombay (UDCT)select an internationally recognizedscientist or engineer to present lecturesat Iowa State and NCL.

Dr Amol Kulkarni, Scientist,Chemical Engineering and ProcessDevelopment introduced Prof. Katzer tothe audience with details on his academicand professional career and ended thefunction with a vote of thanks.

The lecture was attended by a galaxyof distinguished persons including Prof.M. M. Sharma, Prof. Rajendra Kumar, DrPaul Ratnasamy, Dr B. D. Kulkarni, DrAjit Sapre, (President, TechnologyReliance Industries Ltd.), Prof. K. S.Gandhi and Dr V. M. Naik, (former Head(R&D), Hindustan Unilever). In addition,about 150 delegates from ACEPTsymposium including several distinguishedchemical engineering faculties from variousinstitutions in India were present.

National Technology DayCelebrations at NAL

The National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL),Bangalore, celebrated National Technology Day on 11

May 2009. The programme started with a welcome addressby NAL Director Dr A. R. Upadhya. Dr Upadhya statedthat Technology Day symbolizes India’s technology prowess- conducting a nuclear test at Pokhran, the successful testfiring of the Trishul Missile and the maiden flight of theindigenous two-seater Hansa-3. These achievements inScience and Technology have given our country enviablestrength and self-confidence to stand on our own. Heintroduced the Chief Guest Shri H. N. L. N. Simha, VicePresident (Strategic Electronics Center), Larsen & ToubroLimited, Bangalore, as a young, dynamic, next generationleader.

Shri H. N. L. N. Simha, in his address shared his thoughtson Technology Innovation: Keystone to Self-reliance. At L&TMr Simha is involved in Defense Electronics- Warfare,Avionics, UAVs and Military Communications and designand manufacture of AVIONICS Subsystems. He spoke aboutwhy self-reliance is important, what is innovation, why isinnovation important, why is it important in India, journeyin innovation, innovation to cash tool, hurdles to innovationin India and barriers to successful innovation. He gave adetailed account of innovation at L&T adding that Technologyinnovation is all about Imagineering. He said L&T harboursand fosters innovation environment. He also mentioned thatL&T has filed over 100 patents for electrical & electronicproducts in successive years. Stating he expressed that weneed to build a powerful India not necessarily rich India,there are huge opportunities for innovation at NAL, DRDOand other such organizations. He concluded his lecturesaying he is proud of being part of L&T - a self reliantcompany founded on innovation.

The programme coordinated by Knowledge andTechnology Management Division, ended with a vote ofthanks pro-posed by Dr M. R. Nayak, Adviser, (M&A).

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15 JULY 2009 189189189189189

Dr Anil K Gupta has taken overas Director of Advanced

Materials and Processes ResearchInstitute (AMPRI), Bhopal, witheffect from 9 April 2009.

Dr Gupta (born on 2 April 1951)obtauned his Bachelor’s Degree inEngineering in 1973 from NationalInstitute of Technology (NIT),Warangal, (A.P.) in First Divisionwith Distinction. He did his Ph.D(Engg) in 1987 from Delhi Collegeof Engineering, University of Delhi.He started his career asManagement Trainee with M/s J.K.Industries Ltd, and rose toDevelopment Engineer. Afternearly four years of industrialexperience, he moved to NationalPhysical laboratory (NPL), NewDelhi, in February 1977 as ScientistB. He was Scientist G and Head,Division of Engineering Materialssince 1999. During his 32 years oftenure at NPL, he was activelyengaged in the R&D and R&Dmanagement. Dr Gupta also servedas Acting Director, NPL on anumber of occasions.

Dr Gupta established anexcellent Metals and MaterialsScience lab in NPL and built-up anexcellent team of scientists in thefield working on a variety of metals,alloys and composite materials formaterials development, fabricationtechnology, study of structure andproperties, metal deformation etc.and developed deformationprocedures for various materials for

industrial applications.Dr Gupta has interacted

effectively with Indian industriesand provided an important linkbetween CSIR Laboratories andindustry. His collaborations withindustry extended from those inIndia to overseas, such as HeroHonda and General Motors. Hewas responsible for setting up a coldand warm forging plant fortransmission components of two-wheelers for Hero Group ofIndustries in 1998. This unit hassince been expanded to twoseparate plants as M/s ShivamAutotech Ltd, amounting to Rs 100crore each at Hardwar andGurgaon. Under a General Motorssponsored project, an importantdevelopment using Mg alloyresulted in improvement of ductilityfrom 9% to 30%. This innovationwould play an important role in thereplacement of conventionalaluminium alloys with novelmagnesium alloys in near future.

Dr Gupta has been AICTE-INAE Distinguished Visiting

Dr Anil K. Gupta takes over as Director, AMPRI

Professor at Department of MaterialScience & Metallurgy, IIT,Kharagpur (2005-08) and AICTE-INAE Distinguished VisitingProfessor at Institute of Technology,Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi(2007-2008), Dr Gupta is currentlyResearch Council Member ofCentral Glass & Ceramic ResearchInstitute (CGCRI), Kolkata andManagement Council Member atNPL and NISCAIR, New Delhi;AMPRI, Bhopal, CEERI, Pilani;and NIIST, Thiruvananthapuram.Dr Gupta is on the EditorialAdvisory Board of Indian Instituteof Metals (IIM-Universities Press)book series in Metallurgy andMaterials Science. He is alsoreviewer for various internationaland national journals. Dr Gupta isChairman, Alloy Steel & ForgingSectional Committee (MTDC-16) –BIS. He is also Member,Metallurgical EngineeringDivisional Council (MTDC) – BIS,Member, Mechanical & ProductionEngineering Divisional Council(MPDC)- BIS.

Dr Gupta’s collaborative effortshave taken him to both National andInternational partners. On theInternational Scene, he collaboratedwith MITI, Japan in the area ofmulti-axes forging; Fraunhoffer’sInstitute, Germany; University ofMilwaukee, Wisconsin, USA in thearea of Metal Matrix Composites;University of California, Davies,USA, in the area of Spray

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CSIR NEWS190190190190190

Forming;University of Sheffield, UK,in the area of Metal Deformation byExtrusion. Dr Gupta has extensivelytravelled abroad. He has visited USA,Canada, UK, France, Belgium,Germany, Austria, Singapore, SouthKorea, Japan etc. On the NationalScene, he has collaborated withDMRL, Hyderabad; IISc, and HAL,Bangalore; NIIST and VSSC,Thiruvananthapuram.

Dr Gupta is a Fellow of the IndianNational Academy of Engineering,(FNAE), Fellow of Institution ofEngineers (India), (FIE), and Fellowof Metrology Society of India (FMSI).He is currently on the Board ofDirectors, M/s Shivam Autotech Ltd(A Hero Group of Company), atGurgaon and Hardwar. He is Hony.Joint Secretary and Council Memberof Indian Institute of Metals, and wasChairman, Materials Research Societyof India, MRSI, Chapter Delhi (2004-2009). He is also Life Members ofAeronautical Society of India (MAeSI),Indian Society for Advancement ofMetals & Process Engineering(ISAMPE), Materials ResearchSociety of India (MRSI), andMetrology Society of India (MSI).

Dr Gupta has authored/presentedlarge number of scientific andtechnical papers, and has deliveredmore than 50 invited talks at nationaland international forums. Dr Guptahas supervised Ph.D. (Engg.) andM.Tech. students and was ExternalExaminer for more than 10 Ph.D.(Engg.) thesis from IISc, IITs etc andM.Tech thesis. He was awardedBritish Colombo Plan Fellowship in1978, Indo-US Fellowship in 1992 andMRSI Medal was conferred in 1995.

Dr S. Gangopadhyay takes over asDirector of CRRI

Dr Subhamay Gangopadhyay,Scientist G, has taken over

as Director of Central RoadResearch Institute (CRRI), NewDelhi, with effect from 29 May2009. Prior to the presentassignment, he had been servingas Acting Director of theInstitute since 2 September2008.

Dr Gangopadhyay is a B.E.in Civil Engineering from University of Calcutta and M.Tech. inTransportation System Engineering from IIT, Kanpur. He obtainedhis M.Sc. and Ph.D from the University of New Brunswick, Canada,under Commonwealth Scholarship Plan.

Dr Gangopadhyay joined CRRI as Scientist B in 1979 and rose tobecome Scientist G and Head of Traffic & Transportation Planning atCRRI. He has more than 29 years of experience in the area of TrafficEngineering & Transport Planning, Traffic Engineering & Safety,Regional and Urban Travel Demand Modeling Traffic Flow Theoryand Capacity Analysis, Road Traffic Safety, Urban Traffic Congestionand Environmental Impact of Road Transport. He has coordinated awide range of traffic and transportation studies covering many citiesin India.

Dr Gangopadhyay has successfully carried out a number ofsignificant projects, i.e. Comprehensive Traffic and TransportationStudy for Mumbai, Surat, Amaravati, Nagpur and Aizwal; Urban RoadTraffic and Air Pollution in Major Metropolitan Cities in India;Evaluation of Benefits after Implementation of Delhi Metro andApplication of Intelligent Transport System in Delhi.

Dr Gangopadhyay is a member of Traffic Safety and ManagementCommittee of the Government of India; member of TechnicalAdvisory Group - Sky Bus Metro of Konkan Railway; member of theTechnical sub-group of Delhi Development Authority and of severalother committees of Delhi and Central Government. He is also a lifemember of Institute of Urban Transport (India), Indian RoadsCongress (IRC) and Institution of Engineers (India). Dr Gangopadhyayhas published more than 55 research papers and about 50 technicalreports. He has guided a number of Ph.D and M.E. students and hasvisited Canada, USA, Australia and Italy.

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15 JULY 2009 191191191191191

Honours & Awards/AnnouncementsHonours & Awards/AnnouncementsHonours & Awards/AnnouncementsHonours & Awards/AnnouncementsHonours & Awards/Announcements

Dr G. Parthasarathy,Scientist, National

Geophysical ResearchInstitute (NGRI),Hyderabad, has beenelected Fellow of theRoyal Society ofChemistry, Cambridge, UK, for 2009.

Dr Gopalakrishna RaoParthasarathy, a Ph.D. from IndianInstitute of Science (IISc), Bangalore, hasbeen working in the domain of physicsand chemistry of materials for the lasttwo and a half decades. He joined NGRIin 1990 and started Mineral Physicsresearch, studying high-pressure and -temperature behaviour of minerals atmantle pressure and temperatureconditions. He has also contributed tothe understanding of origin of naturalfullerenes, and mineralogy of severalIndian meteorites. His current interestsinclude thermodynamic andspectroscopic properties of Lunarminerals.

He has published about 160 papersin peer-reviewed SCI journals of high-impact factor, and presented about150 papers in international and nationalconferences. He has seven internationalpatents and one Indian patent tohis credit. He is a recipient of NationalMineral Award, PRL Award, MRSIMedal, AP Scientist Award of APCOST,M.R. Srinivasa Rao Award of GeologicalSociety of India. He is Life Fellow ofGeological Society of India,Andhra Pradesh Akademy of Sciences,Indian Geophysical Union, IndianSociety of Applied Geochemists,Mineralogical Society of India, andLunar Exploration and Utilization Group(India).

The Indo-US Science & Technology Forum (IUSSTF) hasawarded the Indo-US Research Fellowship to seven CSIR

scientists (below 40 years) for the year 2009 for conductingadvanced research in their prospective fields. The awardeesinclude:

Dr Satyajit Shukla, Scientist C, National Institute forInterdisciplinary Science and Technology (NIIST),Thiruvananthapuram and CSIR Young Scientist Award-winner inEngineering Sciences (2008), has been awarded for out advancedresearch in the area of Engineering Sciences for a duration of 12months at the Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois, USA.

Dr Shashank K. Singh, Scientist C, Indian Institute ofIntegrative Medicine (IIIM), Jammu, has been awarded theFellowship for the year 2009, for conducting advanced research inthe area of Life Sciences for a duration of 12 months at the OhioState University, USA. Dr Singh will be working with Prof. AltafWani at Ohio State University, Columbus, OH USA.

Dr Rajkumar Banerjee, Scientist, Division of Lipid Science &Technology,Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT),Hyderabad, to perform research work in the area of developmentof targeted cancer therapeutics under the mentorship of Prof.Debabrata Mukhopadhyay, Director, Angiogenesis and VascularBiology Center & Nanotechnology and Nano Science Center, MayoClinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.

Dr M. Ghosh, Scientist, National Metallurgical Laboratory(NML), Jamshedpur, Jharkhand and Dr Nirmalya Karar, ScientistC, National Physical Laboratory (NPL), New Delhi, also figureamong the awardees.of this fellowship.

The fellowship should commence within FY 2009-10.

Dr G. Parthasarathy electedFRSC- 2009

Indo-US Research Fellowshipto CSIR Scientists

In the series of events during its Golden Jubilee Year, the IndianInstitute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehra Dun, will be holding a

Symposium on “Fossil Economy to Biomass Economy:Opportunities & Challenges” during 19-21 August 2009. Thesymposium will have seven technical sessions covering: Energyscenario, Biomass resources, Conversion technologies to gaseousand liquid fuels, Lubricants, additives and other value-addedproducts, Analytical procedures, and Compatibility for engines.

Further information regarding the symposium is availableon symposium URL http://www.iip.res.in/iipnew/febcoc

Fossil Economy to Biomass Economy:Opportunities & Challenges

CSIR NEWS192192192192192

A TributeA TributeA TributeA TributeA Tribute

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CSIR News records with profoundsorrow the sad demise of Prof. Ajit

Ram Verma, on 4 March 2009. Aninternationally renowned Physicist inCrystallography and an excellent S&TAdministrator, Prof. Verma served asDirector of the National PhysicalLaboratory (NPL), New Delhi, from1964 to 1982.

Born on 20 September 1921 atDalmau near Lucknow, Prof. Vermahad done his B.Sc. (1940) and M.Sc.(1942, Gold Medalist) in Physics fromAllahabad University. After a short stintas Research Scholar at Allahabad, hebecame a Lecturer in Physics atUniversity of Delhi in 1947. During1950-55, he worked at University ofLondon and made well-knowncontributions to the observation andstudy of unimolecular growth spiralson the surfaces of silicon carbidecrystals. He was awarded Ph.D. in 1952,and D.Sc. in 1969 by the University ofLondon. After serving as Reader inPhysics for four years (1955-1959) atUniversity of Delhi, he moved to BHU,Varanasi ,as Professor and Head ofDepartment in 1959. He wasappointed Director of NPL in 1964 andserved as the leader of this prestigiousCSIR establishment till 1982.Thereafter he served as VisitingProfessor, IIT, Delhi; Jawaharlal NehruFellow and as Emeritus Scientist ofCSIR and INSA Senior. Scientist atNPL.

Among the major scientificcontribution of Prof. Verma was theestablishment of three very activeSchools of research in Crystallography,

one each atUniversity of Delhi,BHU, and NPL. 1n1951, using PhaseC o n t r a s tMicroscopy, DrVerma provided thefirst unequivocalexperimental evidence in support ofscrew dislocation theory of crystalgrowth of millimetre sizes.

Prof. Verma also made valuablecontributions to the pioneering workon direct measurement of metricthicknesses of Blodgett-Langmuirmolecular films. At NPL, incollaboration with Dr Krishan Lal,since 1966, he made several originalcontributions to the field of crystalgrowth and study of latticeimperfections.

As NPL Director, Dr Verma’sefforts were focused on bringingIndian National Standards of PhysicalMeasurement to International level.Also, in place of artefact standards, workwas taken up on quantum standards.Dr Verma laid the foundation of severalnew areas which include: QuantumMetrology; Materials Scienceincluding work on electronic materialslike silicon and advanced materials likecarbon fibers; high pressure and hightemperature synthesis of materials,phosphorous and piezoelectricmaterials and consolidation ofadvanced materials characterizationactivities. Under his leadership, NPLmade strong impact at the national andinternational level.

Prof. Verma authored six Books/

Volumes, published more than 100research papers in refereed journalsand contributed numerous invitedpapers and book chapters. His twobooks on Crystal Growth have beentranslated into Russian.

Prof. Verma was recipient ofseveral honours and awards. Notableamong these are: British CouncilScholar (University of London) 1950-52; I.C.I. Fellow (University ofLondon) 1952-1955; Fellow of IndianAcademy of Sciences, Bangalore;Fellow, National Academy of Sciences’India, Allahabad; Member, Board ofEditors – Solid State Comm.,Pergamong Press (Charter Membersince inception, Retd in 1990); ElectedMember of International Committeeon Weights and Measures (CIPM) Paris1966-1982; Member of Commissionon Symbols, Units and Nomenclatureof International Union of Pure &Applied Physics (IUPAP); ShantiSwarup Bhatnagar Prize-winner inPhysics 1964; Padma Bhushan 1982,and Atma Ram Puraskar in Hindi byKendriya Sansthan Agra 1984.

Prof. Verma was a person withmany extraordinary qualities. He triedto practice what he preached. A mostremarkable manifestation of this was thesuperb mental balance he exhibitedduring the last phase of his life, whilebattling the dreadful pancreatic cancer.He established strong human bondswith numerous persons, from thehighest to the modest. As a result heheaded a very big family of persons fromdiverse fields.

Prof. Ajit Ram Verma