cimug analysis report analysis report.pdfneed for a common data model, the outcome of which was...
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CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug CIMug Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis Analysis ReportReportReportReportReportReportReportReportReportReportReportReportReportReportCIMug Analysis Report
May 2017
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Contents
Ch. 1. UCAIug ········································································· 1Sec. 1. Definition of UCAIug ··················································································· 2
Sec. 2. UCAIug Technical Oversight Committee ····················································· 7
Ch. 2. Common Information Model (CIM) ··························· 10Sec. 1. Overview of CIM ······················································································· 11
Sec. 2. CIM Package ······························································································· 13
Sec. 3. CIM Modeling ···························································································· 17
Sec. 4. CIM Information Exchange ········································································· 21
Sec. 5. Actual Applications ···················································································· 22
Ch. 3. CIMug ·········································································· 23Sec. 1. Overview ····································································································· 24
Sec. 2. Purpose ······································································································· 24
Sec. 3. Organization of CIMug ·············································································· 25
Ch. 4. Current Activities ························································ 27Sec. 1. Key Roles ···································································································· 28
Sec. 2. Projects ········································································································ 29
Sec. 3. Membership Benefits ··················································································· 21
Ch. 5. Other User Groups ····················································· 33Sec. 1. Open Smart Grid User Group ··································································· 34
Sec. 2. IEC 61850 User Group ··············································································· 37
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Abstract
CIM is for Common Information Model, which refers to the outcome of standardization that enables information for various devices used in electric power to use the same mode of expression for identical information regardless of application, mode of communication, and data modeling method. CIM, which enforces identical form and semantics for information, is used as a major technological basis for providing interoperability inside or between other domains (e.g., between power distribution and service providers, between user and market) in the smart grid framework. As for information standardization like CIM that is designed to provide interoperability, the standards are decided through an agreement among stakeholders, so a related user group is indispensable. For the reasons, CIMug (CIM user group) has been active since the start of CIM standardization as a sub-group of UCAIug (Utility Communication Architecture International user group), a US-based non-profit organization. And this report describes its current international activities in order to promote the understanding of CIMug and related activities. As a slew of communications standards cropped up for power grids and utilities, UCAIug was created in 1990 for the purpose of analyzing gaps among communications standards and providing efficient interoperability. The group began the CIM development project in 1992 after it recognized the need for a common data model, the outcome of which was delivered to the current IEC TC57 WG13 and WG14and became the basis of the standard documents of IEC 61968 and IEC 61970. The main purpose of UCAIug is to seek to develop internationally usable standards according to the technical requirements of its member companies and create a basis for its international establishment by operating a testing and certification program for the specific standards. To fulfill the specific purpose, the group works in partnership with different working groups of IEC TC57 and ENTSO-e. As mentioned above, technologically, CIM is a model created to define the information that keeps the same semantics regardless of electric power domain and application, and standardization is conducted with various modeling techniques. Especially, IEC 61870, which is a semantic model that defines the functions and relations of power with respect to different components of power system, constitutes an application interface standard for EMS (Energy Management System) etc, whereas IEC 61868, which expands on power system software data exchange needed for asset management, work schedule etc. in the above-mentioned model. These two standards use UML (Unified Modeling Language) to define the semantic information that is used for actual power facilities and systems and express it by using RDF (Resource Description Framework) or XML (eXtensible Markup Language) Schema. Also, it performs the task of increasing the usability of applications or areas by organizing them into packages. As mentioned in the beginning, CIMug belongs to UCAIug and supports the standardizing of UEC TC57 working groups and makes the effort of maximizing the usability of developed standards by reflecting feedbacks from stakeholders. CIMug provides its member companies with not only events related to CIM resources and technical support for forums, but also testing and certification and access right to training information. It also contributes to spreading technology by holding two or three F2F meetings annually. Apart from CIMug, UCAIug has other active bodies such as OpenSG user group, IEC 61850 user group, and Testing Subcommittee. Especially, because IEC 61850 standard serves to produce information so that it is delivered from actual power equipment and systems to CIM, its standardization is implemented in close partnership with groups such as CIM-IEC61850 Harmonization. Moreover, as Testing Subcommittee operates an international testing and certification program for conformity to IEC 61850 standard, it is now being established as the most successful testing and certification system in smart grid.
Ch. 1 UCAIug
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Sec. 1. Overview of UCAIug
1. History of Its Creation
m When communications standards mushroomed for power grids and utilities, EPRI1), the US electric power research agency, performed a long-term project, starting in the 1990s, designed to analyze the communications requirements of utilities and the gaps among the then developed communications standards, thus developing UCA2) 1.0 specifications, which document kicked off the technical activities for providing interoperability for power grids.
- With a view to international use of the document, activities began with IEC’s related committee, which provided driving power for developing IEC 61850 standard.
m When people saw the need for a common data model for utility information exchange, a task force for developing the specific was created, and starting in 1992, related project was developed in the name of CIM3), and the specific outcome was delivered to IEC TC57 WG13(EMS - API4)) and WG14(SIDM5)) and was used as basic data for IEC 61968 and IEC 61970 standard documents.
m With the development of electric power industry, several technology groups related to communications and information exchange for electric power system were created, but they shared a considerable number of their operations. User-related aspects such as utilities demanded not only linkage with international standardization organizations such as IEC but also a user group for training, spreading standards, and creating a testing and certification program, thus leading to the creation of UCA International.
1) EPRI(Electric Power Research Institute)
2) UCA(Utility Communication Architecture)
3) CIM(Common Information Model)
4) EMS-API(Energy Management System Application Program Interface)
5) SIDM(System Interfaces for Distribution Management)
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- Once UCAI was created, its most important task was to develop the IEC 61850 standard based on UCA V2.0, ICCP-TASE2, DNP, IEC 60870-5 and develop IEC 61968 and 61970 standards by tapping into CIM and related standards.
m Tasks related to communications network for electric power system gradually expanded, and UCA International has changed its name to UCAIug6) and is working as a non-profit technical agency.
- In 2001, the document was established for creating UCAIug, which was created through an agreement among member companies and has been operating.
2. Purpose
m The purpose of UCAIug is to pursue the common development of power grid technology by providing various forums in meeting the technical requirements of the various stakeholders of electric power industry and its member companies and promoting the development of internationally usable standards.
- UCAIug, which does not establish standards, works in selecting international standards that meet the technical requirements of its member companies and developing them to its purpose by exercising technological influence.
m UCAIug operates a testing and certification program that examines whether something meets a standard to make sure that it can ensure the interoperability of power grids according to established standards.
m UCAIug works in educating standards designated for electric power industry and expanding its applications so that they may be established internationally.
6) UCAIug(Utility Communication Architecture International User Group)
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3. Current Operations
m UCAIug, which was designated as Liaison D for a number of WGs (Working Groups) inside IEC TC57, a group in the leading international standardization body related to information exchange on electric power system, performs related tasks not only in IEC 61850, 61968, and 61970 standards but in various areas. Linked with most of the currently active groups such as WG10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20 and 21 inside IEC TC57, UCAIug partners with ENTSO-e7), the European integrated utility technology group, especially with regard to WG10(creating IEC 61850), WG13(creating IEC 61968), WG14(creating IEC 61970), and WG15 (power grid security).
m In 2017, UCAIug has minimum 190 members in about 45 countries.- About 50% of these are in the US, while about 35% are in Europe.
Maximum 10% are in Asia, with about seven in South Korea being Hoseo University, KEPCO, KERI, KTL, Kyungnam University, LG Electronics, and Myongji University.
m As UCAIug is a non-profit organization, its operating costs related to its three employees are funded with membership fees collected from member companies. As for membership fees, the member companies pay affiliation fees in proportion to their revenues.
- As the annual revenue shows a company’s size, more email accounts (executives and employees’ email addresses are used as IDs when connecting to the site) are allowed for its executives and employees. For companies with a revenue of minimum 50 billion dollars, they are allowed to register its subsidiaries with separate brands, while individual persons can sign up as members.
7) ENTSO-e(European Network of Transmission System Operators for electricity)
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TierAnnual revenue
(1million USD)
Annual
membership fee
(USD)
Allowed number
of registered
email accounts
Allowed
number of
registered
brand
accounts
1 < 1 1,300 5 1
2 1 to 10 2,600 10 1
3 10 to 100 3,900 15 1
4 100 to 1,000 5,200 20 1
5 1,000 to 10,000 6,500 50 1
6 10,000 to 50,000 10,000 100 1
7 50,000 to 100,000 15,000 150 2
8 100,000 < 20,000 unlimited 3
9Sustaining
member25,000 unlimited 4
0 University 1 When requested 1
- Individuals 350 1 -
Table 2. Signup for UCAIug membership
m The organization of UCAIug is as below. Of its most important committees, the Board of Directors has the right to vote on UCAIug’s agenda, while Executive Committee is in charge of managing its members and general operations and Technical Oversight Committee provides for technical details.
- Current President of UCAIug is Kay Clinard and Vice President & Secretary is John T. Robinson, while Office Manager is Nancy Clinard, who are the three regular members operating UCAIug.
- The members of Technical Oversight Committee are chairs or co-chairs of CIM Subcommittee (CIMug), IEC61850 Subcommittee (IEC61850ug), Open Smart Grid Subcommittee (OSGug), or Testing Subcommittee, which are UCAIug’s subordinate bodies, and they participate in deciding major technical matters.
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Fig. 1-1. UCAIug Organization Chart
m The two tables below show the members of Executive Committee and Technical Oversight Committee
Member Company Member Company
John T. Robinson UCAIug Clemens Hoga Siemens
Pattrick DugganConsolidated
Edison
Steven Kunsman,
Co-ChairABB
Eric Lambert EDF Bradley Williams Oracle
Aaron Snyder Enernex J.D. Senger ONCOR
Klaus BenderUtilities Telecom
CouncielR.K. Donohue UCAIug
D. R. Ball AEP Gary Stuebin CISCO
Table 2. Executive Committee Members
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Member Position Company
Mark Adamiak TOC - Vendor Co-Chair GE
Kay Clinard Secretary/Facillitator UCAIug
Chris Knudsen OSGug Chair Auto-Grid
Christoph BrunnerIEC 61850ug Vendor
Co-Chairit4power
Pierre MartinIEC 61850ug Utility
Co-ChairHydro Quebec
Dean Hengst CIMug Utility Co-Chair Exelon
Terry Saxton CIMug Vendor Co-Chair Xtensible
Gary Stuebing OSGug Vice-Chair Cisco
Bruce Muschlitz Testing Vendor Co-Chair Enernex
John Simmins Testing Utility Co-Chair EPRI
Table 3. Technical Oversight Committee Chairs
m As of 2012, its budget was USD 572,748, 30% of which was spent in operating UCAIug while 40% was spent in holding its meetings.
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Sec. 2. UCAIug Technical Oversight Committee
1. Testing Subcommittee
m Testing Subcommittee was entrusted by IEC TC57 WG10 with the task of IEC 61850 testing and certification, and provides administrative and technical supports for UCAIug’s activities as a testing and certification body.
m As one of the most active technical subcommittees in UCAIug, Testing Subcommittee addresses technical issues related conformity testing through minimum 1 annual F2F (face-to-face) meetings and minimum 30 annual web-based meetings.
m It addresses various technical issues in IEC 61850 through its partnership with IEC 61850 user group and discusses TISSUE (Technical Issue), which refers to the revision of the standard related to IEC 61850.
m Key Tasks
- Classifying and approving testing agencies for testing conformity to IEC 61850 communications.
- Annual auditing of testing agencies for testing conformity to IEC 61850 communications
- Creating procedures for testing conformity to IEC 61850 communications.
- Discussing technical matters of tests for testing conformity to IEC 61850 communications.
2. CIM & Harmonization
m The Harmonization Subcommittee treats CIM’s technical matters handled in IEC 61896/61970, and works to provide possible solutions by collecting requirements needed for actual use of CIM technology.
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m As CIM has to be linked to various communications protocols, harmonization in response to protocols is indispensable, and currently much effort is being made for CIM ― IEC 61850 harmonization. Moreover, since CIM technology must be realized to create a database related to Smart Grid and ensure interoperability among different areas, the work focuses on expanding the market by ensuring technical perfection.
m Many of those members that are working in IEC TC57 WG13/14 are also active in the Subcommittee, and have started its preparation for creating a testing and certification program designed to create markets.
3. IEC 61850 User Group
m IEC 61850 User Group is a subcommittee designed to analyze and solve issues that occur in actual use of IEC 61850 through its partnership with IEC TC57 WG10. While Testing Subcommittee places top priority on handling technical matters for testing and certification, IEC 61850 User Group focuses on the technical requirements from actual users of IEC 61850.
m Thus, the major duty of the Subcommittee is to present guidelines for realizing IEC 61850 and ensuring the technical agreement between IEC 61850 and linked areas. Also, the Subcommittee has its own group shadowing the IEC WG to handle the tasks linked with IEC TC57 WG10, with the work on the standardization document being shared by the two bodies.
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4. OpenSG
Fig. 1-2. OpenSGug Organization
m Open Smart Grid Subcommittee is designed to provide the various technical requirements used for Smart Grid and divides into the work areas such as security, communications & network, system, and conformity, as shown on the above figure.
m The above different working groups give priority to solving various technical issues by partnering with different groups under PAP8) affiliated with SGIP9) of NIST.
m Of the different working groups, ‘System’ mentions system-specific technology needed by Smart Grid, while ‘Security’, Communications & Network’, and ‘Conformity’ are not so much related to specific systems as discussed like ordinary technology.
8) PAP(Priority Action Plan)
9) SGIP(Smart Grid Interoperability Panel)
Ch. 2 CIM
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Sec. 1. Overview of CIM
m There are wide-ranging and various international standards on Smart Grid. Of those diverse standards, the most crucial ons are IEC 61850 for electric power devices and IEC 61970/61968for electric power applications.
m IEC 61970/61968 are standards for information model and interface, designed to integrate applications for operating electric power system.
m IEC 61970, which is a standard for interfacing with the energy management system in the control center, is handled by TC 57 WG13. As an interface standard for power distribution management, IEC 61968 is handled by WG14.
m IEC 61970/61968 standards are commonly referred to as CIM (Common Information Model). More precisely, IEC 61970-301 and IEC 61968-11 constitute the CIM for the applications that operate the electric power system, whereas the other standards determine the interface for CIM-based data exchange.
m As far as data exchange interface is concerned, IEC 61970 and IEC 61968 are different in that the former defines the actual data to be exchanged with an interface independent from applications, whereas the latter defines the nouns and verbs of the messages to be exchanged between systems.
m In the first place, IEC 61970 standard was born as the outcome of EPRI’s CCAPI10) project which began in an effort to address the rigidity and high cost of the previous system involved in adding new applications provided by EMS suppliers, and now the CIM Sub Group inside UCA Users Group supports the worldwide application of CIM including guide to using CIM standards and their testing.
10) CCAPI(Control Center Application Program Interface)
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m CIM is an abstract model that represents all the important objects of a utility enterprise, especially those needed to create a model on the operation of its electric power system. This model includes common classes and comprises not only their relationships but also the attributes of the objects. The objects represented in CIM can be used in essentially abstract and various applications, so they may be used as necessary tools in promoting interoperability.
m By providing standard methods that express the resources of electric power system as object classes and attributes, CIM facilitates the linkage between the differently operated electric power systems, linkage among separately developed systems, and integration of application programs.
m Due to the size of CIM, those objects and classes included in CIM are grouped into a number of logical packages, each of which expresses specific parts of the entire electric power system that has been modeled.
m CIM uses object-oriented modeling technique in definition and specifically, the CIM specification uses UML which defines CIM as a package of groups.
m Different packages in CIM include one or more class diagrams that visually show all the classes in the package and their relations, and each class includes in text its attributes and relations with other classes.
Fig. 2-1. CIM (Common Information Model)
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Sec. 2. CIM Package
m CIM is divided into groups of packages, which are commonly used to assemble related model elements and have no special semantics. Package is selected to design, understand, and review a model more easily.
- CIM is composed of groups of complete packages. While entities are related through many packages, different applications use data that appear in several packages.
m For power transmission and transformation, WC13 defines IEC 61970 package, and for power distribution, WC14 defines IEC 61968 package.
cla ss Ma in
Equiv a lents
P r otect ion
Gener a t ion
OutageLoadModel
Topology
Meas
Wir es
Doma in
Cor e
Oper a t iona lLimits
Gener a t ionDy namics
P r oduct ion
Cont ingency
pkg Dependencies
Meter ing
Pay mentMeter ingLoadContr ol
Common
Customer s
Asset Info
Assets
Wor k
Wir esExt
Fig. 2-2. CIM Package Diagram
1. IEC 61970 Package
m Load Model Package is designed to model energy consumers and the electric power system load with the curve and curve-related data. It also includes special circumstances that can influence the load such as season and date, which data is used in load forecasting and load management.
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m Outage Package, which expands on the core and wire packages, models the data on current and future network organization. These entities are optional in ordinary network applications.
m Protection Package is an expansion of the core and wire packages that model the data from system protection devices such as relays, and these entities are used inside applications that calculate the locations of dysfunctions in power distribution system and training simulators.
m Auxiliary Equipment Package defines data that models extraordinary sensors, locators, and protectors, and operates with linkage to terminuses of other equipment.
m Equivalents Package is designed to organize an equivalent network and is used in modeling equivalent networks.
m Core Package is composed of the core elements of naming, power system resource, equipment container, and conducting equipment that are shared by all applications and collections of those elements. This does not depend on other packages, while other packages are grounded on it, thus undergoing grouping and generalization.
m Wires Package is an expansion of core and topology packages and constitutes the data that models the electrical characteristics of power transmission and distribution networks. This package is used in network application programs as involved in status guessing, power flow calculation, and optimized power flow calculation.
m Topology Package, which is an expansion of core package, is related to Terminal Class. Terminal Class models the connectivity that defines how devices are physically connected with one another. This also models topology. In other words, it is a logical definition that shows how devices are connected with closed switches.
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m Domain Package is a data lexicon for quantity and unit. It defines the data type of attributes in all classes of all packages. This package includes the definition of primitive data type that comprises measurements and units of allowed values. Different data types include value attribute and, selectively, unit of measurement. A unit of measurement is a character string and is designated as initialized static variables. The allowed value for the enum type is documented as purpose in the parentheses, the limited syntax of UML.
m Generation Package is divided into the two following packages of production and generation dynamics
- Production Package provides models for several types of generators. It models the data on production cost for economically dispatching the load to deployed units and calculating reserve power. This data is used for unit commitment and economic load dispatch (ELD) and for the ELD, load estimation, and automatic generation control (AGC) of hydroelectric and thermoelectric generators.
- Generation Dynamics Package provide a model for power sources (turbine and boiler). This is needed for simulation and educational purposes. This data is used for modeling the unit for the application of Dynamic Training Simulator.
m Contingency Package provides a facility model kept on reserve with a view to contingency.
m Measurement Package includes an entity that describes the dynamic measurement data exchanged between applications.
m SCADA Package includes an entity for modeling data used in the application of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA). SCADA refers to the supports for the operator’s control of equipment such as opening and deployment of circuit breakers, while data acquisition refers to acquiring remotely measured data from various objects of measurement. Also, the subtype of telemetry entity matches the definition of IEC 61850.
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This package also supports alarm expression that is not used in other applications.
2. IEC 61968 Package
m Common Package is included the data class that supports ordinary distribution management.
m WiresExt Package includes the electric power system resources needed for modeling power distribution network including bipolar distribution network and the data class that expands IEC 61970::Wires package.
m Asset Package includes special classes for the asset-level models for objects (as opposed to the electric power system resource models as mainly defined in IEC 61970::Wires) and the core data classes that support asset management applications.
m AssetInfo Package, which is an expansion of Asset Package, can be referred to by not only Asset and AssetModel but also ConductingEquipment.
m Wok Package includes the core data classes which support work management and power distribution network expansion plan applications.
m Customers Package includes the core data classes that support customer charging application.
m Metering Package, which is a class specialized in metering facilities and remote metering, includes the core data which supports the application of terminal devices. These classes are generally related to the locations where service is delivered to customers.
m LoadControl Package, which is an expansion of Metering Package,
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includes the data classes which support specialized applications such as demand management using load control equipment. These classes are generally related to those points where service is delivered to customers.
m PaymentMetering Package, which is an expansion of Metering Package, includes the core data classes which support specialized applications such as prepayment metering. In general, these classes are connected to collection and control of revenues from customers for delivered services.
Sec. 3. CIM Modeling
1. Modeling Electric Power Facilities
m The procedures for modeling electrical power facilities with CIM are as follows.
Fig. 2-3. Procedures for modeling electrical power facilities with CIM
m For transmission line (TL), let’s take a look at Component Mapping first. Transmission line equipment includes line, CB, DS, and ES, which are connected to one another, and relevant CIM components are as shown below.
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Fig. 2-4. Transmission line CIM components
m ES, disconnector, and circuit breaker are distinguished with respective identification numbers, and are mapped as the components of ground disconnector, disconnector, and breaker on CIM. And their identification numbers are expressed in CIM instance data.
m The standard data Class Diagram for transmission line is expressed in the two model classes of IEC 61970 ACLineSegment and DCLineSegment, which are included in line container.
Fig. 2-5. Transmission line class diagram
m Below is the containment and interconnection mapping among the classes of transmission line, which shows the class and connectivity on the right that
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correspond to different facilities and devices as indicated on the single-lone diagram on the left. One can see that ACLineSegment, which belongs to line class, is connected to CB, DS, and ES (Breaker, Disconnector, GroundDisconnector) through Terminal and GroundDisconnector.
Fig. 2-6. Transmission line containment and interconnection mapping
m The data showing where ES, disconnector, and circuit breaker of transmission line belong is containment mapping that indicates the hierarchical categorization and is included in top-level substation, intermediate-level VoltageLevel, and bottom-level Bay Container.
2. Electric Power Facilities and Measurement Data
m The date model for measuring electric power facilities is composed of the model class of Conducting Equipment which has facility data, Measurement which defines the point that has measurement data, and Measurement Value which has actually measured value of the point. The model classes of RemoteSource, RemotePoint, and RemoteUnit which are related to the RTU mapping data of measurement data are also included in measurement data modeling.
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Fig. 2-7. Measurement data class diagram
m Shown below is the relationship between electric power facility model and measurement data.
Fig. 2-8. Electric power facility model and measurement data class diagram
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3. Using Electric Power Facility Model
m Shown below is how electric power facilities are used.
Fig. 2-9. Using electric power facility model
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Sec. 4. CIM Information Exchange
m CIM information exchange takes place through RDF Schema, which expresses the connection between elements and is used for system model information exchange, and XML Schema, which is for ordinary message-based information exchange.
Fig. 2-10. CIM information exchange through RDF Schema
Fig. 2-11. CIM information exchange through XML Schema
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m As shown in the figure below, CIM has its Korean and international applications.
Fig. 2-12. Korean applications of CIM
Fig. 2-13. International applications of CIM
Ch. 3 CIMug
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Sec. 1. Overview and Purpose
1. Overview
m CIM user group (CIMug) is a subgroup of UCAIug and was created in 2005. It provides a forum that can use the international standard of IEC CIM to improve interoperability among users, consultants, suppliers and their partners.
m CIM defines an abstract information model that provides an understanding through identification data for in-company relations and data linkage. CIM supports improved data model and message exchange and has the ability to integrate applications both inside a company and for business partners. When companion standards are used together with CIM model, it provides the data and specifications for the framework of integrated exchange of transaction messages of the static model.
2. Purpose
m The main purpose of CIMug is to improve the operability of utility enterprises and share the technological foundation, exemplary cases, and technical resources.
m CIMug focuses on improving the IEC TC57 modeling standard for all utility operations in the entire world including members.
- Modeling the electric power system including EMS, Topology, Wires, and SCADA and data exchange for energy utilities.
- IEC 61968 ― modeling the electric power system related to DMS, assets, tasks, GIS, metering and application program messages.
- IEC 62325 ― modeling the energy market that supports all of the markets in North America and Europe.
- Helper standard ― including expansion that supports many cases including CIM standard.
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System plan Dynamic simulation Smart Grid messaging - Requirements and procedures for testing interoperability and conformity.
m CIMug serves as a crucial means for developing a consensus and consistency throughout communications and industries for issues related to TC57 IEC 61970 and 61968 standards.
m Goals of CIM user group - Providing links with other standard groups and assessing the influence that
the scope and content of different types of CIM exercise on other standards. - Providing a central reservoirfor CIM issues, models, messages, and specialized
knowledge. - Designing a CIM-based message payload and providing a central reservoir
for schemas. - Promoting CIM and CIM-related standards. - Providing a single contact for managing models and solving issues of CIM. - Providing an understanding of CIM products and their realization. - Providing a help desk where members can find an appropriate and accurate
answer.
Sec. 3. Organization of CIMug
m CIMug is divided into the three groups as follows. - Focus Committees: Committees for expanding CIM standard. - Projects: They participate in utility enterprises or suppliers and conduct projects
for providing funds. - Working Groups: There are several working groups focused on common
concerns of CIM users. Their areas of operation includes developing tools and structural expansion for model exchange and application integration, model testing, conformity testing and interoperability testing.
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Fig. 3-1. CIMug organization
Groups Group name Description
Focus
CommitteesCIM for distributing Expanding CIM through distribution to groups
Projects
IOP of AEP SGDP
Joint CIM research
institute
Project sites focus on improving key UCA sites such as group email and other
joint operations
CIM on dynamic
modelsEPRI project for exchanging models used in dynamic power-flow study
CIM in Planning EPRI project for exchanging models used in static power-flow study
CIM on UCTE Project designed to develop UCTE-CIM profile and expand a suggested CIM
CIM on weatherProject designed to develop CIM expansion for modeling in forecasting
weather in CIM and modeling real-time and past metereological data
Working
Groups
AEP gridSMART AEP gridSMART site
CIM interoperability Testing interoperability in CIM management
CIM IOP compliance Test and quality assurance for compliance with CIM releases
CIM marketingManaging marketing data and CIM-related companies’ exhibitions at industry
conferences
Tools for integrating
CIM methods and
enterprises
Promoting understanding and realization of CIM UML modelng and CIM-based
message exchange
CIM model exchange
― naming
Focusing onn 61970-452 standard for EMS model exchange. CIM naming
group combines with this group
CIM process Managing entire CIMug business process including meetings
Ch. 4.Current
Activities
- 32 -
Sec. 1. Key Roles
m CIM improves the ability to integrate two applications with companies and partners through data models and message exchange. CIM accompanying standards used together with a CIM model provide various API services and component interface specifications that provide a framework for static model transaction messages and total integration.
m CIM user group focuses on delivering benefits by applying IEC TC57 standard for all utility operations in the world including its members.
m IEC 61970 ― power system modeling and utility energy system data exchange.
m Comprehensive standard for IEC 61968 ― utility distribution system and messaging data exchange.
m Comprehensive standard for IEC 61970 helper standard ― a collective service of general interface definition (GID) and component interface specification that provides a framework for integration.
- General Data Access (GDA) ― 61970-403 - High-Speed Data Access ― 61970-404 - Generic Eventing and Subscription (GES) ― 61970-405 - Time Series Data Access (TSDA) ― 61970-407 - CIM XML model exchange ― 61970-452 - CIM graphic exchange ― 61970-453
- 33 -
Sec. 2. Projects
1. CIM in Planning
m CIM in planning refers to static and dynamic power system network model exchange used in expanding and planning CIM standard with a view to supporting planning applications. Its main purpose is to enable the management, maintenance, and use of one ordinary network model designed to be used in both planning and operation.
m The project introduces the concept of network model manager and reservoir (NMMR). It identifies ordinary network model use plans and high-ranking business processes that include all operating programs and explains them as cases in which they are used. By incorporating interface and data requirements into the unified modeling language (UML), it supports them according to the expanded CIM standard which is mapped on the existing CIM.
m It defines a new planning profile for exchanging static load flow models between planning applications. Interoperability test is developed to test the validity of the new profile and CIM expansion. It proposes an expansion of CIM in planning and submits it to IEC to get it included in the next release of CIM standard.
2. CIM for Dynamics
m It is a continuation of the CIM for the project for planning a project for CIM for dynamics and follow the life cycle of CIM for dynamic model exchange. Its main purpose is to support dynamic modeling and data exchange, not only between planning applications and equipment suppliers, but also between planning applications and tasks. Name of the game is to develop general model and set of CIM-based interface profile and maintaining and enforcing accuracy for the model used for the most powerful dynamic simulation.
- 34 -
m Increasing complexity involved in publishing created load increases the need for a standard method for dynamic data exchange. XML/RDF mode file is set for an interoperability test, which is being developed for actual use, while the suggested expansion will be submitted to IEC in the next release of CIM standard.
3. CIM for UCTE
m UCTE is for Union for the Co-ordination of Transmission of Electricity which is responsible for supplying electricity to 4.5 million people. UCTE has undertaken a project designed to improve data security and data management and transmission plan with membership utilities. UCTE has decided to release its XML-based data exchange format and explore possible application of CIM standard for future purposes.
m The CIM for the UCTE project has been created in order for UCTE to adjust
the project for CIM for dynamics to needs and coordinate it with better requirement definition and interoperability test.
4. UCA Research Center
m UCA Research Center is a project that focuses on maximizing user group’s profits from its investment in shared points. The project is open to all UCA members who are interested in advanced collaboration methods.
m It has its primary focus on providing email messages on all discussions of
current progress, design, UCA projects and working group sites. And the group defines further details and requirements for help test and provides solutions foe CIMug members.
- 35 -
5. Project Members
m EPRI is a project sponsor. And the project invests in utilities. m It holds accounts for different CIMug sites and partner sites that need project
members.
- 36 -
Sec. 3. Membership Benefits
m CIM user group applies IEC 61970 and IEC 61968 CIM standards for data
conversion and systems & applications in utility enterprises and provides best possible research results.
m A member is entitled to the following benefits.
- Access to CIM-related resources, events, forums, and results.- Product testing and certification supported at lower prices.- Access to data for standardization activities.- Access to educational materials.- International standardization activities at minimum costs- Exclusive items for members: * Resolutions on technical issues * Global help desk via industrial experts * Technical reports and existing users’ research results
- Valuable perspectives obtained through sharing common solutions
- Discounts on seminars and exhibitions
- Support for and participation in useful communities for Korean industry
- Leading your company as an industrial leader
- 37 -
Sec. 4. CIM User Group’s Face-to-Face Meetings
m CIMug holds irregular F2F meetings for the purpose of upgrading CIM standard and expanding its application, and uses them as a major means for discussing technical needs encountered in actually using CIM and identifying directions of improvement, in contrast with the standardization group.
- The dates and venues of CIMug F2F meetings over the past 5 years are as shown on the table below and they are not regular as they are held when needed.
- If different meetings are held by groups in the US and Europe, minimum two F2F meetings are proposed a year.
Meeting Date Meeting Venue
May 15-18, 2012 Windsor, United Kingdom
Oct. 22-26, 2012 New Orleans, USA
Jun. 11-14, 2013 Ljubljana, Slovenia
Feb. 25-17, 2014 Melbourne, Australia
Jun. 17-20, 2014 Oslo, Norway
Oct. 9-11, 2014 Orange County, USA
Jun. 1-4, 2015 Gdansk, Poland
Jun. 1-3, 2016 Amsterdam, the Netherlands
Nov. 16-18, 2016 Atlanta, USA
m CIM frequently forms small task forces to implement discussions and development related to technical issues. Meanwhile, F2F meetings focus on spreading current technology mainly through CIM university with a view to expanding the use of international standard-based CIM that has yet to be activated.
- Every CIM F2F meeting organizes a CIM university plan and spreads through standard specialists CIM’s pursued directions and the cases in which it is actually applied. Starting in 2016, CIM university has been divided into basic and advanced, with programs categorized so that they may provide actual help according to the technical standards of the audience.
Ch. 5Other User
Groups
- 39 -
Sec. 1. Open Smart Grid User Group
1. Mission
m The mission of the Open Smart Grid Subcommittee is to promote improved functions, lower prices, promote the market reception of advanced metering networks, and promote the development of a demand response solution through developing an open standard based on the data & data model that refers to design & interoperability guidelines.
m OSGug has the following purposes
- Promote a wide reception of advanced metering and demand response - Define an open standard for an advanced metering infrastructure and
a demand response solution - Technology that considers supply facilities, regulatory agencies, and
taxpayers and reduced functional risks
- Promoting industrial innovation, efficiency, and price reduction measures
2. Organization
Fig. 5-1. OSGug organization
- 40 -
m The goal of Open Smart Grid Subcommittee is an open industrial cooperation, which aims to promote the development of Smart Grid standard and technology through establishing energy-based system requirements which focus on technical and economic effects and system reliability. OSGug works in close cooperation with standard developing groups to promote, recommend, and track through certification requirements.
m Smart Grid Security Working Group’s scope of operation covers the development of detailed security, requirement certification, and foremost security guidelines throughout the life cycle of Smart Grid technology. Its key duties influence the development for securing higher levels of cyber security and reliability of work management than are required by existing IT applications. To support such duties, Smart Grid Security Working Group
- It provides guidelines for supporting Smart Grid security programs. - Instead of additions for guaranteeing security, Smart Grid solution is
designed in cooperation with other working groups. - It continues technical adjustment with other open Smart Grid working groups.
- It supplies to other outside partner operations including SDO (NIST, IEC, IEEE etc.) by identifying current standard and technological performance gap.
- It promotes research efforts by providing guidelines and priorities. - It applies excellent cases of security to actual operation.
- It adjusts to actual operation existing IT and control system security guidelines. - It cooperates with appropriate groups and provides guidelines for security
and conformity tests.
m AMI-Security Task Force supplies technical specifications, model cases, and guidelines to supplier facilities that evaluates, supplies, and realizes security related to the function of advanced metering infrastructure. Not necessarily for public uses, such specifications can be used to provide reference specification for designing the advanced metering infrastructure and designing demand response for open advanced metering infrastructure working group and providing standards and ensuring conformity for a supplier’s security technology. Technical specifications are to become
- 41 -
norms, and products that comply with them will be known for functionality and sturdiness.
The specific intention of AMI-Security Task Force is to provide means for ensuring additional security guarantees which are otherwise impossible in utilities industry. Also, advanced metering infrastructure security working groups will work with standards developing organizations like IEC with a view to supplying an appropriate standards development process.
m SG Communications Working Group is affiliated with OpenSG Subcommittee. SG Communication policies can be summarized as below.
- It identifies and expresses Smart Grid Communications requirements and cooperates with Standards Developing Organizations (SDOs) and sales consortiums to identify their requirements.
- It participates in NIST Smart Grid Roadmap activities and communications related to OpenSG operations in various NIST PAPs11).
- It efficiently transfers XML meta data between independent entities of a system.
- It deploys security policies in various layers of OSI stack. - It supports other communications identified by SG system and SG Security
working group. - SG Communications includes OpenSG MRD12) and the set of finished
use cases currently conceived by OpenHAN as the standards responsible for how components are defined in the internetworking service that provides network interoperability in the system inside the hybrid system which taps into the combination of AIM network and physical layer.
- The working group is responsible for defining how IP subsystem and components are included in all the related use cases and market requirements.
m SG-Network Task Force is responsible for the standard under the OSI13) network model that is applied to Layer 4 and SG network. Definition of SG Network includes interconnection between AMI meter and meter and relay station.
11) PAPs : Priority Action Plans
12) MRD: Market Requirements Document
13) OSI: Open System Interconnect
- 42 -
Sec. 2. IEC 61850 User Group
For developing interoperability of power system communications that use standards related to IEC 61850, stakeholders of electric power industry can work together in forums provided by UCA, and the user group under this UCA international user group is IEC 61850 user group (IEC 61850ug).
1. Definition of 61850
A. Purpose of IEC 61850 Standard
m Creating an electric power utilities automation system is decided by technological development that adopts high-performance processors. As electro-mechanical devices upgrade to digital devices in the secondary system of the old substations, it presents a way to automate electric power utilities that can perform necessary functions (such as protection and remote monitoring and control) by using intelligent deigital devices (IED).
m In a nutshell, we now see the need for efficient communication between IEDs, that is, a standard protocol. As dedicated protocols developed by different manufacturers have been used, complex and expensive protocol converter is used when using other IEDs installed on site.
m In this regard, the industry continues to assert the need to develop a standard protocol that can ensure interoperability among IEDs from different manufacturers. In this case, interoperability means that data is shared and commands are performed through identical networks and communication paths.
m Moreover, it is desirable to ensure that IEDs have interchangeability, that is, that a device supplied by a manufacturer can be replaced by one from some other manufacturer without causing a change to the other components of the system. Interchangeability is not handled by IEC 61850 communications
- 43 -
standard. Interoperability is a common goal for standardization organizations including utilities enterprises and equipment suppliers.
m The purpose of electric power utilities automation system is to develop communications standard that satisfies functional and performance requirements all the while exploring future technological development. In order for this to prove actually useful, IED manufacturers and users should reach a consensus on how to ensure free data exchange.
m Communications standards should support the operation of substations or plants dispersed on a power grid and a standard should consider conditions of operation, but they are not for standardizing the functions related to substation operation or electric power utilities automation system.
m The functions of an application have to be distinguished and explained to define communications requirement (such as quantity of data to be exchanged and limitation of exchange time). Protocols should stick adhere as much as possible to existing standards and communications and engineering principles.
m IEC 61850 standard must guarantee the following mutually.
- Complete communications profile is based on the existing communications standards of IEC, IEEE, ISO, and OSI.
- Used protocols are disclosed and can add new functions by supporting their own explanations.
- Standards have to be based on data objects related to power industry’s requirements.
- Communications syntax and semantics bacially use the common data objects related to electric power system.
- For communications standards, one single component that composes an entire electric power control system is a substation that belongs to one node of power grid, that is the electric power utilities automation system.
- 44 -
- The total structure of an electric power system (single-line diagram), data for power generation and consumption, and data flow among all IEDs are defined with readable language.
B. IEC 61850 Standard’s Approach
m Major parts of IEC 61850 standard were published between 2002 and 2005 and are results of some ten years’ work in IEEE/EPRI’s UCA(utility communication architecture) (IEEE-SA TR 1550) and IEC TC57 WG (substation control and protection interface). The early version of IEC 61850 covered the communications standardization for substation automation system.
m First edition of IEC 61850 focuses on protection, control, and monitoring. Since 2009, the original IEC 61850 series has been updated and expanded by adding measurement (statistical history data processing) and electric power quality. For IEC 61850 series, the new standards have added monitoring and diagnostics.
m The concept defined by IEC 61850 standard also applies to domains beyond substations. Hydroelectric power plants (IEC 61850-410) and distributed power supply modeling (IEC 61850-420) are also treated by IEC 61850 series. Wind turbine modeling was standardized in IEC 61400-25 series and defers to IEC 61850 standard.
m Communications expand into the communication between substations (IEC 61850-90-1) and expand to the communication between substations and control center (IEC 61850-90-2), power distribution automation domain etc.
m The fusion between IEC Common Information Model (CIM, IEC 61970/61968) and IEC 61850 modeling gets high priority in realizing Smart Grid.
- 45 -
m The expanded application of IEC 61850 standard is shown in the figure below.
Station
Distributed Energy RessIEC 61850-7-420
Control centerSCADA
IEC
6185
0IEC 61850-80-1
Guideline to exchange 61850 information over IEC
60870-5-101/104
Wind power plantIEC 61400-25
IEC 61400-25
IEC 61850
IEC 61850 parts, as of 2010
IEC 61850-90-1 between stations
IEC 61850IEC 61850
IED IED IED
RTULocal SCADA
Power utility substations AIEC 61850-7-4
IEC 61850
Hydro power plantIEC 61850-7-410
IEC 61850
IEC 61850IEC 61400-25
IEC 61850MV network
Use of 61850 for substation to
control center(expected)
XXXXXX IEC 61850 future parts
Power Utility substation B
IEC 61850IEC 61850
IEC 61850
Fig. 5-2. The scope of application of IEC 61850 standard
m In the reference architecture for power utilities control system, IEC 61850 standard is one of the communications standards for the reference architecture for power utilities control system of IEC TC57 (IEC 62357). IEC 61850 standard and Common Information Model (CIM ― IEC 61970 ― IEC 61968) are intercomplementary.
- 46 -
Market Operation Apps
60870-6-503App Services
SCADA Apps EMS Apps DMS Apps Engineering & Maintenance Apps
ExternalIT Apps
Data Acquisition and Control Front-End / Gateway / Proxy Server / Mapping Services / Role-based Access Control
61850-8-1Protocols
TC13 WG14 Meter
Standards
61334DLMS
60870-5101&
104
61970 Component Interface Specification (CIS) / 61968 SIDMS
61970 / 61968 Common Information Model (CIM)
Inter-System / Application Profiles (CIM XML, CIM RDF)
61850 Substation
Devices
61850 IED Devices
Beyond the Substation
60870-6TASE.2
60870-5RTUs or
SubstationSystems
IEDs, Relays, Meters, Switchgear, CTs, VTs
External Systems(Symmetric client/server
protocols)
Specific Communication Services Mappings
Specific Object Mappings
Application/SystemInterfaces
Equipment and Field Device Interfaces
Communication Industry Standard Protocol Stacks(ISO/TCP/UDP/IP/Ethernet)
Object Models 61850-6
Engineering
Protocol Profiles
Field Devices and Systems
usingWeb Services
Communications Media and Services
FieldDevices
TC13 WG14
correlate different parts of protocols within the architecture.
61850-7-2 ACSI
61850-7-3, 7-4 Object Models
CustomerMeters
Peer-to-Peer 61850 overSubstation bus and Processbus
60870-6-802Object Models
60870-6-702Protocols
Field Object Models
Technology Mappings
CIM Extensions Bridges to Other Domains
DERsand Meters
Other Control Centers
Mapping toWeb Services
Fig. 5-3. Reference architecture for power utility Ccntrol system (IEC 62357)
m When IEC 61970 and IEC 61968 standards are used only inside control center for data exchange in the corporate system, IEC 61850 standard (both existing and expanded ones) can be used in all the communications involving the devices and systems installed on site.
m IEC 61850’s approach to standardization is to harmoniously use the merits of the three methods of functional decomposition, data flow modeling, and information modeling. Functional decomposition is for understanding the logical relationships among dispersed functional elements and isexpressed as logical nodes that explain functional interfaces such as functions and accessory functions. Data flow is used to understand the communications interface that must support data exchange between dispersed functional elements and functional performance factors. Information modeling is designed to define the syntax and semantics of data exchanged and is expressed as data object class, type, attribute, and abstract object method (service) and their relations.
- 47 -
m To tap into rapidly changing communications technology, IEC 61850 separates applications and communications by defining abstract services and objects. In this method, applications can be independent instead of being subordinate to a certain protocol. This abstraction is useful to both manufacturers and users in maintenancing and repairing the functions of applications, and functions can be optimized when needed as shown in the figure below.
m The purpose of IEC 61850 standard is to provide the framework designed to ensure that IEDs supplied by several manufacturers are interoperable.
m There is no fixed arrangement of functions for devices (IED) and control, but in general, arrangement varies with utility requirements, performance requirements, limitations of cost, latest technology, and utility enterprises’ operating regulations. Therefore, the standard must be able to support however functions are arranged.
m In order that functions are freely arranged for IED, functions have to be interoperable for power utilities when they are performed in power utilities by devices (IEDs) supplied by different manufacturers, and while the functions communicate with one another (scattered functions), they can be split as parts performed by different IEDs. Therefore, the communication that takes place through logical nodes (LNs) must support the interoperability needed by IEDs.
- 48 -
Communicationstechnology:How data is transfered
Application :What information to exchange?
Fixed
Changing
Applica-tion
Communi-cation
EthernetTCP/IP
DataModel
Extended when required
Adapted when needed
”State-of-the-art”-Ethernet 10 MBit/s-Ethernet 100 MBit/s-Ethernet 1 GBit/s-…
Previous way of specifying communication standard
IEC 61850 state-of-the-art way of specifying communication
standard
Communicationstechnology:How data is transfered
Application :What information to exchange?
Fixed
Changing
Applica-tion
Communi-cation
EthernetTCP/IP
EthernetTCP/IP
DataModelData
ModelExtended when required
Adapted when needed
”State-of-the-art”-Ethernet 10 MBit/s-Ethernet 100 MBit/s-Ethernet 1 GBit/s-…
Previous way of specifying communication standard
IEC 61850 state-of-the-art way of specifying communication
standard
Fig. 5-4. The approach in IEC 61850
m The functions of power utility automation system (application functions) are not only about controlling and monitoring but also about protecting and monitoring key devices and power grid. Other functions (system functions) are about system itself such as communications monitoring.
m Functions can be distinguished into three levels (station level. bay lvel, process level). The above figure does not describe logical interface sufficiently. It omits the logical interface for functions that lie in mutually different bays such as the logical interface of station level. Therefore, the new configuration includes additional logical interfaces. The logical communication interface between substations is shown in the following figure.
Fig. 5-5. Interface model in or between substations
- 49 -
m Devices of power utility automation system can be physically installed at mutually different levels (station, bay, process).
m Achieving the goal of standardizing interoperability requires it to identify the common functions inside the power utility automation system and split them into accessory functions (logical nodes). Logical nodes can be placed in other devices or at other levels. The following figure shows a case that explains the relationships among functions, logical nodes, and physical nodes (devices).
HMI
Sy.Switch.
Dist.Prot.
O/C Prot.
Breaker
Bay CT
Bay VT
BB VT
LogicalNodes
XX
Distanceprotection
X
X
X
X
SynchronisedCB switching
X
X
X
X
X
Overcurrentprotection
X
X
X
[--------------------Functions----------------]
[---------Physical Devices-------]
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fig. 5-6. Relationships among functions, logical nodes, and physical nodes (a case)
m Functions performed at two or more logical nodes located in other physical devices are described as dispersed functions. Since all functions engage in communication in whatever mode is available, local functions or dispersed functions are not clearly defined, but they differ depending on the definition of the functional stages that perform until functions end.
- 50 -
m When realizing dispersed functions, appropriate response should be given to dysfunctions with logical nodes or embedded communication lines. For example, when necessary, functions should be completely stopped or systems should be scaled back to ensure continuous operation.
m In the above figure, the seven physical devices are as belows.
- 1: Station computer(HMI)
- 2: Synchronizing open/close device
- 3: Distance protection device including overcurrent protection device
- 4: Bay control device
- 5, 6: Transformer for electric current and voltage meters
- 7: Transformer for modular busbar voltage meters
m Functions that are frequently used for substations, hydroelectric power plants, and dispersed energy resources (DER) applications are explained in IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7-4xx. Such functions are described in the following entries.
- Obligations of functions - Maneuvering standards for functions
- Results or effects of functions - Performance of functions - Functional decomposition
- Interaction with other functions
m Communication messages in IEC 61850 standard are distinguished into different types according to the requirements of IEC 61850-5. The messages can be transmitted, using other abstract communication service interface (ACSI) (see 61850-7-2), while these messages can include reporting, GOOSE, control commands etc. and be mapped with other protocols according to IEC 61850-b-x and IEC 61850-9-x.
m The logical interface of physical communication system can be mapped in physical interface in several other methods. Station bus is realized mainly with logical interfaces of 1, 3, 6, and 9, while process bus is realized in the
- 51 -
logical interface of 4 and 5. The logical interface 8 (GOOSE messaging between bays) can adopt all the above logical interface methods.
m If needed performance (such as response time, availability, and maintenance and repair) is satisfied, all logical interfaces can be mapped with one bus. It is even possible to map logical interface with its dedicated bus.
m The network engineering guidelines included in IEC 61850-90-4 provides the definition and major recommendations regarding the regulations and design method for physical communication system for the IEC 61850 based power utility automation system, according to the level of requirements.
C. The Standards of IEC 61850 Series
m The titles and details of the standards that have been or will be published in IEC 61850 series are as follows.
- IEC 61850-1 Overview and introduction- IEC 61850-2 Terminology- IEC 61850-3 General requirements
- IEC 61850-4 System and project management- IEC 61850-5 Functions and communication requirements for device model
m To sufficiently define how to define the interoperation of the components of power utility automation system, IEC 61850 standard provides the following three major stages.
- Standardized logical node, data object, name space ((IEC 61850-7-3, -7-4).
· It includes standardized functional interface (logical node) and name (data object and attribute class). Such name storing space is used to explain the data and semantics to be exchanged between the functions of the physical components of the system and to describe how to indicate such data. Such storage space is based on a certain modeling approach as its device and functional interface.
- 52 -
· Name space basically focuses on electrical data for the purposes of protection, monitoring, and control.
· Intercomplementary name space is created when it needs a new application domain like dispersed power supply. New name space is based on the same modeling principle and the same data structure.
· The scope of application for IEC 61850 will be expanded to meet the future requirements of Smart Grid.
- Language (IEC 61850-6: substation configuration describing language) · It is composed of grammar that can connect the components defined
earlier and phrases and characters used to write sentences at the level of machine language. This language is based on XML metalanguage and is used to describe the function of IED and how to compose IED. It will be used to describe the entire system including electrical configuration, interface for different components, communications network topology, and setting value. SCL supports functional naming and naming of product units and is a method compatible even when using different manufacturers’ own tools and can exchange functions and configuration data between communications and application system engineering tools.
- Communication service (IEC 61850-7-2, -8-x, -9-2, communication service for real-time data exchange).
· Communication service adopts technological development in the market and is defined as being independent of selected communication media or protocol. The abstract definition of this service is provided in IEC 61850-7-2, while the realization of certain protocol mapping is defined in IEC 61850-8-x and IEC 61850-9-x. Such communication service and processing are implemented in the component that exchanges data according to the defined restrictions such as response time, time tagging, integrity, and quality. Especially, IEC 61850-8-1 is a certain communication service mapping and defines the service and mapping generally used for the communication inside a whole substation. IEC 61850-9-2 standard, which is a certain communication service mapping, define the
- 53 -
mapping of the service used to transmit the sampled analog value.- Communication conformity test is defined in IEC 61850-10 standard.
m IEC 61850 technical specification defines the guidelines on how to apply standards in v such arious areas of application as the usage in IEC 61850 standard between control center and substation. Technical report presents the method for creating Ethernet network to support IEC 61850, for example. Several basic rules are numbered in the document for IEC 61850 series.
- 7-4xx: defines a certain name space ina domain. - 7-5xx: application guideline standard for 7-x. Namely, it provides guidelines
on how to model the functions of IEC 61850-7-x based applications. - 8-x: defines ACSI mapping. But communication service related to sample
value is excluded.
- 9-x: defines a communication service dedicated to sample value. - 80-x: provides technical specification related to communication mapping. - 90-x: provides a technical report for future improvement or expansion of a
domain. The figure below is a rough sketch of the details of IEC 61850 series.
Communication requirement
for devices and functions
IEC 61850-5
Basic communication structurePrinciples
and modelsIEC
61850-7-1
Configuration description language
IEC 61850-6
Application guideIEC 61850-7-5
Domain specific LN and Data object classes
IEC 61850-7-4xx
Common Data ClassesIEC 61850-7-3
Basic models, abstract services and basic typesIEC 61850-7-2
Mapping on network(except sample values)
IEC 61850-8-xx
Sample Values mapping on network
IEC 61850-9-xx
Technical report
---Guidelines
---IEC
61850-90-xx
GlossaryIEC 61850-2
IntroductionIEC 61850-1
Conformance testingIEC 61850-10
Implementation in IEDs and tools
General requirements IEC 61850-3
System and project management IEC 61850-4
Technical specification
---Guidelines
---IEC
61850-80-xx
Compatible LN and Data object classes
IEC 61850-7-4
Domain specific application guides
IEC 61850-7-5xx
Communication requirement
for devices and functions
IEC 61850-5
Basic communication structurePrinciples
and modelsIEC
61850-7-1
Configuration description language
IEC 61850-6
Application guideIEC 61850-7-5
Domain specific LN and Data object classes
IEC 61850-7-4xx
Common Data ClassesIEC 61850-7-3
Basic models, abstract services and basic typesIEC 61850-7-2
Mapping on network(except sample values)
IEC 61850-8-xx
Sample Values mapping on network
IEC 61850-9-xx
Technical report
---Guidelines
---IEC
61850-90-xx
GlossaryIEC 61850-2
IntroductionIEC 61850-1
Conformance testingIEC 61850-10
Implementation in IEDs and tools
General requirements IEC 61850-3
System and project management IEC 61850-4
Technical specification
---Guidelines
---IEC
61850-80-xx
Compatible LN and Data object classes
IEC 61850-7-4
Domain specific application guides
IEC 61850-7-5xx
Fig. 5-7. Relations of Standards in IEC 61850 Series
- 54 -
m IEC 61850-6 defines the file format that describes IED-related communications, IED parameters, communication system configuration, switching station (functional) structure, and relations with them. The main purpose of this format is to exchange the description of IED functions and the system-level descriptions between different manufacturer’s engineering tools. The defined language is also called system configuration language (SCL). Mapping-related expansion or rules may be needed by appropriate standards.
- IEC 61850-6 standard defines the system and configuration parameter exchange file format in the system engineering process overview and XML and includes the following items (description of power facility structure (single-line diagram), description of communication connection, IED functions, assignment of IED logical nodes to power facilities).
m IEC 61850-7-5 defines the use of the information model in a substation automation application. It precisely describes the exemplary cases in which LN and data as defined in IEC 61850-7-4 are applied to different substation applications. The cases treat several applications, from monitoring function to protection blocking mode. Certain applications in other domain designates the guidelines in IEC 61850-7-5xx. Such cases may include hydroelectric power generation or dispersed power supply.
m Used to set the circuit breaker status and protection function, for example, IEC 61850-7-4 defines the information model for the substation automation function. Here, the information model shows as modeled and exchanged. Certain information model for other domain is defined in IEC 61850-7-4xx.
m IEC 61850-7-3 has the list of data used in common. Here, it defines common basic date.
m IEC 61850-7-2 defines the service that exchanges data on different functions such as control, report, import, and write. Namely, it describes data exchange method.
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m IEC 61850-8-1 defines a surefire method for data communication between system components that control sample value.
m IEC 61850-9-2 defines a surefire method for sample value communication between sensor and IED.
m IEC 61850-10 defines testing method, actual abstract tests, and test entries in order to guarantee the conformity of IEC 61850 as realized in target devices. Namely, it defines what to test.
- IEC 61850-10 standard includes the following (conformity testing procedures, quality assurance and testing, required documents, device conformity test, testing device testing facilities, requirements, and certification of inspection).
m IEC 61850 data modeling is based on two-level modeling as described below.
- Decomposed into logical devices in a real device (physical device). - Decomposed in a logical device into logical node, data object, and data
attributes. The figure below shows a case in which different levels include subordinate levels.
LDx
IEDxPhysical Device
Logical Device
Pos
XCBR1Logical Node
Physical Device
Logical Device
StVal q t
TotW
MMXU1Logical Node
Mag q t
Logical Node
Data Object
Data Attribute
LDx
IEDxPhysical Device
Logical Device
Pos
XCBR1Logical Node
Pos
XCBR1
PosPosPos
XCBR1Logical Node
Physical Device
Logical Device
StVal q tStVal q t
TotW
MMXU1Logical Node
Mag q t
TotW
MMXU1Logical Node
TotW
MMXU1
TotWTotWTotW
MMXU1Logical Node
Mag q tMag q t
Logical Node
Data Object
Data Attribute
Fig. 5-8. IEC 61850 data modeling
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m The name space in IEC 61850 and IEC 61000-25 standards define minimum about 280 logical nodes that handle the commonest applications for substation and feeder device. As protection is greatly influential in a safe and reliable operation of a power system, the information model data on protection and application related to protection is important. So, treated applications include many other functions such as monitoring, measurement, control, and power quality. Such things are defined in IEC 61850-7-4. Most logical nodes can be distinguished as the following entries and provides data (data object, data attributes).
- Usual logical node data, status information, setting, measured value, control.
m Data attributes have named standardized so as to have certain semantics in IEC 61850 series. The semantics for all data attribute names is defined in the latter part of IEC 61850-7-3 standard.
m The semantics of logical nodes can be represented by data and data attributes.
m The collection of all data attributes is basically of a pre-defined type and is referred to as common data class (CDC).
- IEC 61850-7-3 standard defines common data class for a wide range of well-known applications. Important common data class is distinguished into the following groups.
· Status information · Measured data
· Controllable status information · Controllable analog data · Status setting
· Analog setting · Descriptive information
m IEC 61850 standard defines a collection of standardized name spaces, but there can be progress in considering name spaces that can handle
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multiple entries, which is based on the descriptions provided in IEC 61850-7-1.
- Concept of name space owner.
- Description of data name space tag. - Rules on management/expansion of name space.
m IEC 61850 standard defines the abstract services and the collection of objects that ensures use in applications regardless of a certain protocol. Such abstraction makes sure that a seller and an utility enterprise can maintain the functions of an application and optimize its functions in a timely manner. IEC 61850 standard provides three types of communication model.
- Communication service as client/server. - Speedy and reliable data distribution by the system. - GOOSE ― analog, digital multicast.
Fig. 5-9. Basic standard models
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m IEC 61850 series provides several types of mapping that can be used for communications inside a substation. Appropriate mapping is selectable to functional requirements and performance requirements. However, the application components that make up the same SCSM alone are interoperable.
m The mapping described in the above figure shows SCSM. Mapping effort may vary according to the functions of related application layers.
m System engineering usually starts before a system is physically realized. 또And while current IED is applicable in a number of various tasks, all possible tasks can be executed simultaneously in parallel so that all embedded different functions can be initialized for their use. Anyways, it configures a status that define several functions of the same device. So, even if a device can explain itself, the system parameters for the device function must be available in a standard manner before the IED itself becomes available and engineered. In order that device description and system parameter may be exchanged with compatibility between tools from different manufacturers, IEC 61850-6 defines substation configuration language (SCL). This language allows the following.
- It describes the capabilities of IED from the perspective of the model of IEC 61850-5 and IEC 61850-7-x in a bid to import to system engineering tool.
- It describes all the data needed to define the system parameter of one IED (This involves bundling the IED and its functions, in particular, for the substation itself from the perspective of single-line diagram and the location of the communication system. The language is based in XML. For the above-mentioned purposes, it includes the following subareas).
- Substation subareas: it groups them with substation single-line diagram and logical nodes and describes the arrangement of logical nodes in IED. Thus, it defines how IEDs are grouped for substation and substation devices, respectively.
- Communications area: It describes the communication connections among
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IEDs from the connection of communication lines. - IED area: It describes one or more IED functions (configuration) and
describes the grouping for the logical nodes in other IED.
- LN type area: It defines the data object which is actually included in the logical node instance as defined by IED.
m The mechanism required to guarantee data and communication cybersecurity is specified in the IEC 62351 standard on data and communication security. IEC 62351-6 standard applies the IEC 61850 series. Other communication profiles of IEC 61850 need to have their use guaranteed in an environment in which security is realizable or in an unsecured environment.
m IEC 61850 conformance testing is a crucial part in acquiring system and equipment for the purpose of guaranteeing conformity and proving validity. IEC 61850-10 specifies the conformance testing method for power utility automation system devices and supports the interoperability of devices and system by presenting guidelines for installing testing environment and system testing.
m IEC 61850 maintenance and repair process treats technical issues following the publication of the standard. Further details can be accessed at www.tissues.IEC 61850.com which treats technical issues.
m As regards quality assurance process, UCAIug’s Testing Subcommittee plays an important role. Especially, UCA/IEC 61850 International User Group is as follows.
- Detailed testing procedures employed in conformance testing and definition.
- Designating a testing agency that conducts conformance testing of IEC 61850 products.
- Defining, implementing, and managing TISSUE process that handles IEC 61850 maintenance and repair.
- Recommending TISSUE as realized between versions for the interoperability
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of IEC 61850 standard. - Responsibility for managing TISSUE database.
- Guaranteeing conformance testing procedures that handle precise realization of modified IntOp TISSUE.
m The components of power utility automation system include both configuration parameter and operational parameter. Configuration parameter is generally set offline and a change requires application restart. Operational parameter can be set and changed online without causing interference with system operation.
m System parameter adjusts the cooperative operation of IEDs that includes the internal structure and procedures of power utility automation system which are related to the technical limitations and the available components of power utility automation system. System parameter must register consistency. Otherwise, the dispersal function wouldn’t work properly.
m Process parameter describes the data exchanged between the processing environment and power utility automation system.
m Functional parameter describes the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the functions used by customers. In general, functional parameter can be changed online.
m A tool must be able to have at least system parameter and configuration parameter exchanged and must not be in violation of the consistency principle. For this, one method is shown in the following figure. The syntax and semantics of system parameter exchange are specified in the IEC 61850-6 standard.
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IED2VENDOR 2
IED1VENDOR 1
IEDnVENDOR n
TOOL 2TOOL n
TOOL 1
SYSTEMPARAMETERS
System engineering tool•Consistency check•Input into the station level IED tool
Fig. 5-10. Exchange of system parameters
m Engineering tools are designed to decide and document the integrating of devices with certain applied functionalities and power utility automation system.
m The IEC 61850 series defines the requirements of engineering tools, especially the requirements of system configuration and parameter manipulation.
m According to IEC 61850-6 standard, IED must take into consideration its compatibility with IEC 61850 series. For this, it must include the followng.
- SCL file that describes its functions. - SCL file that describes the configuration of project characteristics and functions.
- A tool that can create specific SCL files.
m IED must be able to use the system configuration file that describes possible settings and communication configuration. Also, IED must be able to import the system SCL file that sets such parameters.
m IED configurator, which may be exclusive for a manufacturer or a specific IED, is a tool that can import or export files defined in the IEC 61850-6 standard. The tool, which is used to set IED, can create IED-exclusive configuration files and load such configuration files with IED.
m System configurator is a system-level tool that can import or export files defined in the IEC 61850-6 standard, and must support all IEDs. For
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system-level engineering, it can be used by a configuration engineer in importing configuration files from several IEDs or to add system information shared with other IED. System configurator can create a substation-specific configuration file as defined in the IEC 61850-6 standard or export system-related IED configuration to IED configurator. Also, system configurator must be able to read system specification file as default operation for starting systems engineering and compare systems engineered on one and the same substation.
m The IEC 61850 series treats quality assurance on system life cycle by defining the responsibilities of utility enterprises and manufacturers.
m According to ISO 9001, the manufacturer’s responsibilities cover from development, system testing, design test, and certification (including standard compliance certification) to post-discontinuation services and delivery.
m Given the continuous development of power utility automation system and components, the version identifier according to the IEC 61850-4 standard must have system, components, and engineering tools clearly distinguished.
m General requirement of communication network is defined mainly with the quality requirements of IEC 61850-3. Also, the general requirements treat the conditional requirements that recommend the relevance of certain requirements in other standards and specifications and the guidelines on accessory services.
m Quality requirements are specifically defined as for reliability, availability, maintenance and repair, security, and data integrity for the communications system which is used in power utility automation system for process monitoring and control.
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m Other “general“ requirements are of a geographical character. A communications network inside a substation must work within a radius of up to 2km. For some components of power utility automation system, for example, bay control device, IEC does not specify “product committee“ which is responsible for it. Therefore, environment must be standardized in view of the other applicable IEC standards.
m Reference standard is composed of other IEC standards related to the climatological, mechanical, and electrical influences applied to the communications media and interface which are used to monitor and control the process in power utility automation system.
m Communications equipment can get exposed to various external electromagnetic disturbances caused by transfer through power lines or communication lines or nearby radiation, and the type and size of those external disturbances vary with specific environment in which a communications device must function.
m As for the EMC requirements, other IEC standards are cited, whereas additional requirements are reinforced, created in detail in IEC 61850-3.
3. 61850 User Group’s Mission
m IEC 61850 user group focuses on the management and communications issues connected to IEC 61850 and aims to provide major means for consistent and agreed development in the entire industry.
4. Goal
m Providing contacts with other standard organizations and assessing the influences of other standards on the scope and content of IEC 61850 and
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related standards. - Serving as an information reservoir on technical issues and adjusting
and organizing appropriate standards developed by organizations.
- Promoting standards related to IEC 61850. - Increasing interest in the iEC 61850 products and realization. - Providing educational materials to help understand the advantages of
using IEC 61850.
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Sec. 3. Testing Subcommittee
1. Definition and Overview
m UCAIug Testing Subcommittee is responsible for performing all tasks involved in creating and operating the testing and certification system for the IEC 61850 standard in UCAIug and supporting the activities in certifying products among manufacturers and testing agencies. Specifically, it conducts technical activities designed to enhance the realizability of interoperability through standard conformance testing, and supports the following specific tasks.
- Managing testing agencies equipped with certified products and quality system.
- Management of Testing Procedures. - Final interpretation of Testing Procedures and managing related standards.
- Reflecting user feedback. - Holding and managing IOP test for figuring the current status of
interoperability.
m Basically, Testing Procedures for testing and certification should be developed within the framework of the IEC 61850 standard, so its work is directly linked with IEC TC57 WG10 which enacts the IEC 61850 standard.
- The relationship between UCAIug Testing Subcommittee and IEC TC57 WG10 is as shown in the figure below.
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Fig. 5-11. Relationship between UCAIug Testing Subcommittee and IEC TC57 WG10
- UCAIug Testing Subcommittee and IEC TC57 WG10 actually share related specialists, and assign tasks to appropriate task manager (IEC TC57 WG10 convener or UCAIug Testing Subcommittee chair), according to task classification (such as necessary work for standard improvement and for Testing Procedures improvement).
m Standards designed to realize interoperability such as IEC 61850, which describe modes of operation instead of presenting technical functions and performance, may be interpreted differently by manufacturers or testing agencies. Therefore, their testing and certification requires development by a separate technical group instead of different versions of Testing Procedures being created by different testing agencies.
- In the absence of Testing Procedures, testing agencies or manufacturers are likely to have different interpretations, in which case problems occur with realizing interoperability.
m As for testing and certification system, UCAIug Testing Subcommittee serves as a certification body, so a certificate is finally approved by UCAIug Testing Subcommittee.
- Since the absence of Testing Procedures may lead to conflicting interpretations by testing agencies or manufacturers, the Subcommittee
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serves as a certification body in judging testing agencies and awarding titles to them, and grants Level A title only to third-party testing agencies.
2. Specific Tasks Related to Testing and Certification
m In operating a conformance testing and certification program based on the IEC 61850 standard, UCAIug performs the following specific tasks.
- Judging and designating testing agencies.
- Revising Testing Procedures. - Manging TISSUE (Techncial ISSUE). - Conducting IOP test that reflects technical feedback from users.
m UCAIug Testing Subcommittee organizes an internal quality system for judging and designating testing agencies and maintains the operational homogeneity through quality documents. However, it has limitations characteristic of an organization without regular staff that depends on volunteers.
- For maintaining the quality system, total 23 quality documents have been created and operated, some of which are not actually applied.
- Third-party testing agencies alone can apply for a review of a Level A testing agency, while other testing agencies are entitled to a review of a Level B testing agency.
- UCAIug Testing Subcommittee’s quality documents fail to mention the selection procedures or maintenance and management about the judges who are indispensable for reviewing testing agencies, and actual review is performed by UCAIug Testing Subcommittee chair alone.
- Unlike the existing testing and certification systems like KOLAS (Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme) that evaluates collections of multiple standards by sub-category, the standard conformance testing and certification program of the UCAIug Testing Subcommittee conducts detailed technical evaluation of one single standard, thus registering a
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high level of difficulty in acquiring the title of a testing agency. - Furthermore, the purpose of the testing and certification program of the
UCAIug Testing Subcommittee is to ensure tests at the same level for all testing agencies worldwide by providing Testing Procedures as well as various templates.
Fig. 5-12. Comparison of Certificates from Testing Agencies
m One of the major duties of the UCAIug Testing Subcommittee is to revising Testing Procedures. It creates Testing Procedures for devices that have undergone standard conformance testing so that they can ensure identical realization within the scope of the standard and revises Testing Procedures based on feedbacks on devices in operation throughtechnical improvements.
- As mentioned earlier, UCAIug Testing Subcommittee, which shares specialist group with IEC TC57 WG10, is a technical group that can create Testing Procedures based on the most accurate interpretation of the standard.
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Fig. 5-13. A test as illustrated on Testing Procedures
- Testing Procedures, which is used not only for the standard conformance testing but also as realization guidelines, requires continuous management.
- UCAIug Testing Subcommittee develops not only Testing Procedures but also the documents needed for standard conformance testing.
Fig. 5-14. A major document related to the test
m In case the IEC 61850 standard includes typos or descriptions that do not match the intention for the standard development, allows conflicting
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interpretations by manufacturers and testing agencies, or includes conflicting details, it needs to be revised to ensure interoperability. Because an actual standard revision or new standard creation normally takes 3 or 4 years, UCAIug suggests and operates TISSUE procedures in partnership with IEC TC57 WG10.
- For interoperability related standards like IEC 61850, potential conflicting interpretations make the principal factors detrimental to wider application of the standard. Therefore, it needs a plan to implement prompt improvement with feedbacks on technical errors from users, manufacturers, and testing agencies.
- IEC 61850 standard proposed the process of TISSUE in that regard and ensured that matters classified as ‘Green“ in TISSUE get the same effect as defined in the standard established by IEC TC57 WG10.
- TISSUE has a site “http://tissue.iec61850.com” on NettedAutomation, which is operated to allow anyone to raise an issue with TISSUE, as shown in the figure below.
Fig. 5-15. TISSUE work flow
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TISSUE status is as shown in the table below.
Status Description
White TISSUE just raised
Red TISSUE related matter being discussed
Final Proposal Finalized details have been proposed for a vote
Yellow Proposal submitted but not voted through
Green Final proposal accepted and becomes a standard
on holdDiscussion put on hold (discussion not possible for the current
version)
Blue Already part of the standard thus requiring no expansion
- TISSUE classification is as follows.
Classification Description
Ntp Already part of the standard thus requiring no expansion
Edx Applied to Edition X
IntOp
Must be incorporated into current version, and as it can lethally
affect interoperability, it has to be incorporated into conformance
testing within 3 months
Fig. 5-16. Exemplary image of a TISSUE page
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- According to the classification above, TISSUE classified as IntOp must be transferred to UCAIug Testing Subcommittee and reflected in Testing Procedures within three months. The specific Testing Procedures takes effect within a year from its revision and shall basically be applied to all devices that undergo conformance testing one year and three months later.
m In accordance with the main goals of UCAIug, UCAIug Testing Subcommittee receives actual feedbacks from users and get them reflected in Testing Procedures etc. and discloses interoperability realization information to users by conducting IOP test every odd year for the purpose of technical inspection.
- As a major user group, ENTSO-e delivers to UCAIug ‘punch list’, a collection of issues involved in applying the IEC 61850 standard, and creates a scenario to solve them, conducting IOP test.
m Based on the erstwhile description, the major tasks of UCAIug Testing Subcommittee can be summarized as shown in the figure below.
Fig. 5-17. Work Flow at UCAIug Testing Subcommittee
3. Current Operation of Testing and Certification
m In 2017, UCAIug Testing Subcommittee operates eight Level A testing
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agencies and four Level B testing agencies. - Level A testing agencies: CPRI(India), DNV-GL(the Netherlands), KERI
(South Korea), KTL(South Korea), KETOP(China), TUV-Rheinland (Germany), TUV-SUD head office in Germany, TUV-SUD branch in China
- Level B testing agencies: ABB(Switzerland), ALSTOM(UK), NARI (China), Schneider Electric(China)
m Also, it issued total 751 certificates from 2006 to present. - Since 2014, it has issued about 100 certificates each year.
m In accordance with the IEC 61850-10 standard, it has created and revised Testing Procedures in total eight areas.
- Ed1.0 and Ed2.0 server (2 areas) - Ed1.0 and Ed2.0 Client (2 areas)
- Ed1.0 merging unit (1 area) - Ed1.0 and Ed2.0 GOOSE performance test (2 areas) - Ed2.0 SCL test (1 area)
Fig. 5-18. Server conformance testing diagram
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4. IOP test IOP Test
m As a technical activity for figuring out and addressing issues with the IEC 61850 standard based on the technical issues of user groups such as ENTSO-2, IOP test has been conducted by UCAIug every two years since 2011.
- IOP test areas are as shown in the table below.
Test areas Description
Network Infrastructure
Test related to test covered RSTP(Rapid Spanning Tree
Protocol) through 2013 and expanded into HSR(High
Seamless Redundant protocol)-PRP(Parallel Redundancy
Protocol) from 2015
SCL
Testing on-site engineering performance of IEC 61850
based devices with an operational scenario focusing
functions like protection
Sampled ValuesTesting linked interoperability of IEC 61850-9-2 based
process bus based on real-time measurement
GOOSE Testing functions linked to Goose
Client/ServerTesting the operation between client and server, the
most basic devices of IEC 61850
Time Synchronization
Testing the operation of visual syncing based on SNTP.
Expanded into a test on PTP (Precision Time Protocol)
from 2015
m In general, preparation takes about eleven months, most of which time period is spent in preparing a test scenario based on user requirements.
- All preparations are led by UCAIug Testing Subcommittee, while different test areas get their leaders and develop scenarios through web meetings.
- Test results are classified into the tree categories of standard, Testing Procedures, and realization errors. Those classified as standard are transferred to IEC TC57 WG10.
- If an issue is classified as belonging to Testing Procedures, UCAIug Testing Subcommittee discusses it and revises Testing Procedures if necessary.
- Realization errors are wrapped up with recommendations to relevant manufacturers without causing damage to them.
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m 2011 was the start of IOP test, so the preparation was found with some insufficiencies. However, a number of problems were discovered and contributed to the revision of th standard and Testing Procedures.
- The test was conducted with 17 participating companies, 5 witness agencies, and 47 participants.
Fig. 5-19. 2011 IOP Test
m 2013 IOP Test showed much improvement on the problems with 2011 IOP through preparations including scenario creation, and successful test implementation contributed to making IOP test a regular event.
- The test was conducted with 19 participating companies, 24 witness agencies, and 95 participants. The figures show that more than twofold number of people were engaged with respect to witness agencies and participants.
- 2011 IOP test focused on client-server linkage, the simplest test, but from 2013, IOP focused more on the highly complex area of SCL by testing various manufacturers’ devices engineered on site.
- 2013 test results confirmed the need for several guidelines designed to increase the use for engineering of IEC 61850 as an actual interoperability standard. Especially, it was one of the major technical activities that shared the need for SCL guidelines for operation linked to GOOSE.
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IOP test Fig. 5-20. 2013 IOP Test
m 2015 IOP test presented several guidelines through standardizing groups in order to address problems found from the results of 2013 IOP test. As the engineering related test based on a complex scenario confirmed a number of successful cases in the test of leading manufacturers such as ABB and Siemens, it was shown that IOP test would take a step forward with future tests.
- The test was conducted with 27 participating companies, 22 witness agencies, and 150 participants. While the fewer witness agencies compared to 2013, the number of participating companies and persons increased by minimum 30%.
fig. 5-21. Comparison of persons and companies participating in IOP test
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- Especially, IOP test had increased participation from manufacturers in Asian countries such as Moxa (Taiwan), Kalkitech (India), NR Electric (China).
- Overall, the number of tests a=roughly doubled. Most remarkably, while the number of simple test areas such as client/server registered a minor increase, tests that could simulate actual operation such as SCL and GOOSE sharply increased, which shows that manufacturers demonstrated improved ability to interpret based on the IEC 61850 standard.
Fig. 5-22. Comparison of IOP tests implemented (2013 and 2015)
- Thanks to the 2015 IOP test results, 2017 IOP test will be held in the US (New Orleans) in order to demonstrate the realization of IEC 61850 standard based interoperability for the US utilities that are slow in applying the IEC 61850 standard.
Fig. 5-23. 2015 IOP Test