citizen’s acceptability of low-carbon society in the ... · khon kaen university wichuda...
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Citizen’s Acceptability of Low-Carbon Society in the Middle Sized Cities in Asia
Nihon University Tetsuhiro ISHIZAKA
Khon Kaen University Thaned SATIENAME
Khon Kaen University Wichuda SATIENAME
Nihon University Atsushi FUKUDA
Tokyo Woman's Christian University Mariko FUTAMURA
Tokyo Institute of Technology Kumiko NAKAMICHI
Hence, the objective of the study is to clarify
1. Acceptability of travel behavior toward LCS
2. Possibility of behavior change by BRT
3. Relationship between usage of public transit and choice of residential condition
Objectives
The objective of this study is to clarify the acceptability of citizen toward several countermeasures to implement low carbon society and the possibility of the change of travel behavior.
Selected cities
Mega cities Enough countermeasures and investment has been implemented and there are many
studies for low carbon society
Middle size of cites in Asian counties Population is around/less than 1 million and motorization has been continued
But all of countermeasures have not been implemented and BRT is planned now.
A corridor along BRT would have high potential to achieve low carbon transportation society if strategy with land use plan and human life/and behavior is conducted together.
Khon Kaen Da Nang Vientiane
Pop(million) 0.8 0.99 0.77
Main mode Car, Motorcycle Motorcycle, Car Motorcycle, Car
Public Small pickup Van Bus(3 routes) Bus(limited)
LRT/BRT 5 routes 1 route 3 routes
House Detached house Town house Detached house
Land ownership Private Public(right to use) Public(right to use)
Income(million USD) 1.0 0.3 0.1(2014、ASEAN ECO info) (2014、ASEAN ECO info) (2011、Laos gov.)
Toward Indian cities
• Smart cities selected by government
BRT and Metro in Ahmedabad • BRT
• Network 89 km
• A daily ridership 132,000
• METRO• 2 routes under construction
• Expected daily ridership
2 millions passenger
Toward smart city of Ahmedabad,
We expect that multimodal transport is an important issue to promote usage of public transport. But our image of “multimodal transport” includes not only well-organized feeder transport system but also “Apps and information to make a smooth connectivity”.
WSWS
WS
WSWS
1st year 2nd year3rd year
WS
To make a concrete road map reflecting attitude and opinion of resident and local government thorough WS with them.
Deference road map
Comparison
Comparison
Khon Kaen
Vientiane
Approach
Da Nang
Making a difference image to adjust local situation and condition
Deference growth stage
Approach -How to make a road map through WS-
WS for local government
WS/investigation for local resident
The original
road map was made the project
(S6-5) under
MOE,Japan
This table show when countermeasure should be started in terms of timing of other countermeasures.TOD, Public Transit(BRT), EV/HV, Bio Fuel, Life style and International support
S-6-5 Research Project “Realization of Measures for Low Carbon Transport System in Asia” It’s a project under S-6 Research Project on Establishing of
Methodology to Evaluate Middle to Long Term Environmental Policy Options toward Asian Low-Carbon Society by Ministry of Environment, Japan
Project Leader:Prof. Yoshitsugu Hayashi The road map toward low carbon transportation society for Asian cities
was made in terms of
-Avoid, SHIFT, IMPROVEMENT-Government, Private sector, Citizenand International
S-6-5 research project
Original (base) road map
Workshop for local government officer
● Participant: Local government officer and engineer (including transit operator)
● Outline of WSTo show the road mapTo do questionnaire survey for acceptability of low carbon transportation society
● Questionnaire• Acceptability for local resident to be able to use TOD, BRT,
EV-bike, Bio fuel.• Feasibility which and when local resident is able to use or
local government can let them to use
Khon kaen1st WS 2014.9.3No of participants:17・Khon Kaen city officer2nd WS 2015.3.2No:18・Khon Kaen city officer
Vientiane1st WS 2015.3.9No:9・Ministry of Public works and transpiration・Bus operation authority
2nd WS 2015.10.2No:9・Ministry of Public works and transpiration
Da Nang1st WS 2016.1.24No:8・Da Nang city officer(Dept of construction, transportation and climate environment)・Committee of Da Nang
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Survey DesignWS for local residents in Khon Kaen
Samples: 340 samples (50 samples * 6 area)
• Target person: User of private car, public transport and motorcycle.
• Objective of trips: Commute, school and shopping
• Target area: Area along BRT and area far from BRT
• Mode: users of Private car, motorcycle or songthaew
• Residential area: Along or far from BRT route (Red line along NH 2)
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Schedule of WS
1. Explanation of the road map and countermeasures for LCS
A) The road map reflecting the possibility and desirable year of countermeasures
B) Actual image of travel behavior by the graphics showing residential condition and BRT
2. Doing Questionnaire
The questionnaire sheet as enclosed consist of two parts of the explanation. On part A, participants will answer their acceptability on each countermeasure by themselves. Part B, participants will answer their personal information.
3. Discussion
Exchanging opinions and comments over description on the questionnaire
sheet
WS ScheduleK
Different Future Scenarios
Future
Tall condominium Detached house
BRT Private Car
BRT corridor
Housetype choice
Modalchoice
Present
BRTBRT is introduced and your income would increased as much as you can buy house and private car
Please assume that your living place is located along BRT corridor
Q1-Q3
Q4
Q5
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16
100m
Ideal TOD density proposed by Calthorpe
55units/h
a
1000m
BRT
track
or
House types along BRT corridor
Tall condominium Detached house
Detached house is located a little bit far from BRT station on foot.
The access mode to BRT station is walk or EV tuktuk.
You can select BRT or private car to go to working place and shopping.
There are secure gate to enter the community.
There is a personal garden at your house and lush green.
High-rise condominium directly connected to a BRT Station with comfortable sidewalk.
Shops and restaurants in the surrounding area.
No private garden and little greenery.
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Scenario –image of future transport- PresentationsK
PresentationsScenario –image of future transport-K
PresentationsScenario –image of future transport-K
4. If you commute to work or go to shopping as in the presentation, which mode of transport would you choose?
Comfortable inside cars.
Heavy congestion when many people use cars.
No Parking Spaces in CBD
High cost of parking at condominium
Bad pedestrian areas
Comfortable inside BRT stops and cars.
Easy Access into office from BRT station
Heavy traffic congestion can be avoided by running exclusive lane for BRT
People must walk (or use paratransit) and wait for BRT
Comfortable Pedestrian Areas
Private car
BRT
4.1 Why did you choose the above answer?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
High-rise condominium directly connected to a BRT Station with comfortable
sidewalk.
Shops and restaurants in the surrounding area.
No private garden and little greenery.
5. What kind of house would you be willing to live in along a BRT corridor?
High-rise condominium
Detached house is located a little bit far from BRT station on foot.
The access mode to BRT station is walk or EV tuktuk.
There are secure gate to enter the community.
There is a personal garden at your house and lush green.
You can select BRT or private car to go to working place and shopping.
Detached house
5.1 Why did you choose the above answer?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..…
QuestionnaireQuestionnaireK
Photo of WS Activity picturesK
Results Future travel mode
If you commute to work or go to shopping as in the presentation, which mode of
transport would you choose?
73
39
1834
208
24
Factors
Comfort and convenience
Private lifestyle
Number of baggages
Many destinations
Habit
Do not wait for others
Bad walkway
Why did you choose car ?
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Why did choose BRT?
114
37 29 3649
25
58
23
74
Factors
Comfort and convenience
Convenient accessibility
New modern mode and technology
Reduce air pollution
Save time
Save cost and do not pay for parking
Resolve traffic jam
Good walkway
Safety
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BRTCar
Results Future living place
What kind of house would you be willing to live in along a BRT corridor?
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Why did you choose
condominium?
18
8 6
Factors
Good accesibility
Center of supermarket
Allowcation of land use
Why did you choose house ?
83 7745
84
173
91
7 2
Factors
Habit in houseLive with family and communitySafetyGreen areaPrivate lifestyle and not congestion
Can choose various modesHouse near BRT station
Detached house
Condominium
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Future living place Results
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Why did you move from current
living place ?
18
32
7 6
42
Near supermarketmodern lifestyleSave timeSave costConvinience travelling
73
197
40
127
56
9 3 7
Factors
Habit in houseHousing was already well as comfort and privacyWork at homeFinancial problemNear infrastructureDifficult movingCan use feeder system
Why did not you move from current
living place ?
No, I wouldn’tYes,
Would you be willing to move to stay along BRT corridor from current
living place in the future?
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Summary of WS for citizen and local gov.
• Need to promote citizen’s understanding for low carbon transport• Development of transit corridor along BRT in advance• Promotion of moving along BRT transit corridor by developing gated community
living
Trans-port
WS for local gov. WS for citizen
Proposal of new life style of using BRT in
advance • Not enough comfortable sidewalk
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Current
First building along(2015) 10%90%
50% 86%Not located along BRT
Feasibility Acceptability
Songtew 50% ownership
Urban Structure
• Low sartificationon Songtew
No transit corridorCBD area:〇
BRT(5routes)
Moving along BRT corridor
Shifting BRT
65% 35% Private car
Preference of Mode
• Possibility to shift BRT even if house and private car hold
Gated community
High rising condominium
First Proposal Road map for Khon Kaen
Revised Road map Based on WS Public transit• Development of BRT corridor and allocation of high
rising condominium• Improvement on attitude regarding comfortable
sidewakLiving+5~10 Years:Preference of gated community
EV bike+5~10 years:Improvement of their attitude such as high price, battery, not-long running distance
CNG10yers:Technological improvement and lack of ability of supply
Overall:•Need more than 10 years to promote understanding
EV,HV+More than 5or10yeas:with high income
Conclusion●Conclusion
・In comparison with different development growth state in three cities Khon Kane、D Da Nang、 Vientiane, thorough WS,
⇒the acceptability regarding on shifting BRT and moving BRT corridor was clarified.
⇒The improvement of road map was modified by reflecting their acceptability
・The revised road map indicate that each city should take difference strategy for difference acceptability
Development of transit corridor in advance、 Capacity building in local gov.
Center;High density+ Suburb:Low dens、 Center;High dens+Suburb;Middle dens、
Current low dens>in future、Center;High dens+Suburb;Low dens
Acknowledgement
The workshop was supported by the IASTSS
The original road map was developed under discussion with research member of S6-5 project
Toward Indian cities, the M2Smart project under the SATREPS supports new finding on aspect of this issue.
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