civ pro yeazell sp 2004 2

8/10/2019 Civ Pro Yeazell SP 2004 2

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Civ Pro OutlineYeazell: Spring 2004

Sera Hwang

Yeazell, Spring 2004

II. PROCESS OF ADJUDICATION EXAMINED

Means and Ends of Lii!aion" In#eni$es o Lii!ae Notice pleading Broad joinder Broad dicover! Struggle "etween #ull trial and truncated procedure $i%ited appellate review Part! driven &eep juridictional diviion

Pi#%&e of Ci$il Lii!aion

'(e activit! !ou engaged in toda! %ot li)el! to end up in court i tra##ic*ordinance

violation+ ,l%ot all civil litigation occur in tate court+ '(ere are %ore civil t(an cri%inal #iling+ Court decide a"out -0. o# civil cae /#ed court+

C'a&a#e&isi#s of Ci$il Lii!aion:

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Sera Hwang

,ctivitie !ou engage in w(ere !oud %ot li)el! end up in court: tra##ic or ordinanceviolation /co%prie -*3 litigation

Civil litigation %ot in tate court # in #ederal court5 "*c o# diverit!6 tra##ic violation in #ed ct "*c diverit! /uu in N7 tate6

decide -0. o# civil cae /judication rate

O# non8tra##ic cae5 contract cae are %ot co%%on /39. w(ile tort /44.o Yet 2*- o# all cae t(at go to trial are tort

ore civil t(an cri%inal #iling /41. to -;. $ot o# civil cae "*c de"t / tra##ic violation /


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Sera Hwang

012 Co((on la/ 3 give legal re%edie042 Co%& of C'an#e&- 0#o%& of e5%i-2 3 give e?uita"le relie#

To !e ino #o%& of e5%i-, -o% (%s s'o/ ei'e&:/1 will u##er irrepara"le da%age/2 inade?uate legal re%ed! /injutice would reult i# didnt ue C(ancer!

C'a&a#e&izin! Re(edies" Le!al and E5%ia*le

Le!al

(Common Law)

D Da(a!es"D Ee#(en: kick person off

propertyD Re)le$in: want something back

thats wrongfully obtainedD Manda(%s"order officer to do his

duty

D 6a*eas #o&)%s: civil violationsagainst prisoners

E5%ia*le

(Court of Chancery court of equity)

D In%n#ion:force someone to do ornot do something

D Res#ission: cancel KD Refo&(aion:change K to reflect

parties intent (mistake)D 7%ie ileD Cons&%#i$e &%s:get stock

proceeds of saleD A##o%nin!

C'a&a#e&izin! Re(edies" S)e#ifi# and S%*si%iona&-

S%*si%iona&-

D &a%ageD Contructive trut

S)e#ifi#

D eplevinD 7ject%entD njunctionD e#or%ationD anda%uD Ha"ea corpu

D &ecree #or peci#ic per#or%ance

Euall! ct o# e?uit! < peci#ic re%ed! > co%%on law < u"titutionar! re%ed!+

Classif-in! Re(edies

S)e#ifi# S%*si%o&-

Le!al" allow !ury eplevin5 eject%ent5%anda%u5 (a"eu corpu

&a%age

E5%ia*le" dont allow !ury njunction5 re#or%ation5reciion5 ?uiet title

Clean8up5 &a%age5Contructive 'rut

I()li#aions of &e(ed- see+in! and #lassif-in! as le!al o& e5%ia*le"

ig(t "e eaier to get legal re%ed!5 depend on w(et(er !ou want a jur! /in civil cae5 "*ct(en !oud want it to "e clai#ied a legal depend on (ow !ou c(aracterize t(e #act

Si!(a C'e(i#al $. 6a&&is5 p+ 2336 Harri tarted wor)ing at Sig%a co%petitor5 CN5 even t(oug( non8co%pete claue+ Ct

grant injunction !et a! t(at Harri can wor) at non8purc(aing poition at CN+ Sig%aclai% too (ard to en#orce+

-


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Sera Hwang

Ct *alan#es 'a&ds'i)so# Harri getting anot(er jo"5 w(et(er initial non8co%pete claue wa#reel!8"argained #or5 etc+ NO'7: 'o "e in ct o# e?uit!5 need to (ow t(at Finjur! wit( no ade?uate relie#G NO'7: Ct t!picall! "alance (ard(ip #or injunction "*c i%ilar to cri%inal anction !et

no re?uire%ent #or due proce #or injunction

T/o s%is fo& in%n#i$e &elief" San F&an

D 2 organization ee) to enjoin cit! o##icial #ro% conducting ga! %arriage+o CA Fa(il- Code: de#ine %arriage a "tw %an and wo%an+ Bot( agree t(at P

will prevail !et den! re?ueted relie#5 "*c no irrepara"le (ar% #ro% re#ual o#preli%inar! injunction "alanced wit( (ard(ip /Sig%a C(e%ical

D T/o &easons: inu##icient notice to &5 no de%ontration o# irrepara"le injur! /"alance(ard(ip on "ene#iciarie o# c(allenged order

Financing Litigation

In#eni$es in Lii!aion: /1 #or client5 /2 law!er /"aed on #ee !te% in place5 /- oppoing

part! /gue #inancing %ec(ani%

Coss of lii!aion" relativel! (ig( legal #ee /(ape conte%porar! litigationD 8Di&e#9

$aw!er 7pert > invetigator iling #ee5 proce erver5 court reporter5 p(otocop!5 tec(nolog!5 travel

D 8Indi&e#9 $o o# part! > witne ti%e > #ocu

D In !ene&al:la/ #'ea), fa#s e;)ensi$e

A(e&i#an R%le" eac( part! pa! it own legal #ee Partie can "ring t(eir cae even i# le8t(an8certain cae w*o #ear o# (aving to pa!"ot( t(eir and ot(er ide legal #ee

En!lis' R%le" loing part! pa! "ot( it own #ee and t(oe o# t(e ot(er ide

Fee-Spreading


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Sera Hwang

i+ 6o%sin! /(old8over tenant > Fa(il-/poue5 parent #or divorce >c(ild cutod! > creditor

ajor ocial i%pact litigation: N,,CP $egal &e#ene and 7ducation und. Conin!en#-" re?uire %onetar! award

D 7ac( trial da! entail IJ4= in pu"lic cot

Fee Shifting

Co((on f%nd" i# P ue !et i%ilarl! ituated P+ Put J in co%%on #und o ot(er P would(are in cot #or law!er #ee w(ile "ene#iting a well+ ,ll w(o "ene#it #ro% recover! (are in itcot+

und created "! judg%ent or ettle%ent againt adverar!1+ B- Con&a#" written in t(e = t(at loer will pa! winner #ee or %a! "e a!%%etric

/!et ct o%eti%e #orce it to "e !%%etric in leae and loan agree%ent ig(t prevent people #ro% uing

2+ B- Co((on La/: w(en P (a groundlel! "roug(t a uit /%aliciou proecution or

"ad #ait(-+ B- Sa%e: tatute aut(orize court to award #ee to partie Fin an! action w(ic( (areulted in t(e en#orce%ent o# an i%portant rig(t a##ecting pu"lic interet+G Prevailingpart! can get reaona"le attorne! #ee included in cot /"ut no de#endant+

7ception: two8wa! (i#t in per%ii"le5 onl! w(en t(e P clai% iF#rivolou5 unreaona"le5 or groundle or P continued to litigate a#ter itclearl! "eca%e o+G

Conin!en#- fees" da%age clai%5 %onetar! recover!Fees'ifin! sa%es: pu"lic interet clai%O'e&s:

/1 &a%age clai% #or too %all a%t cla actionK/2 Non8%onetar! relie# in non8#ee8(i#ting cae: divorce > c(ild8cutod! /19. litigation

private law!er > legal aid/- Eninured &: %ot & w*o inurance dont (ave aet o wont get ued "*c w(at can

!ou ue #orK Enle #or peci#ic re%ed!

Civi Financing System

D Ci$il: %ultiple !te%5 pri%aril! privateD Plainiffs

Contingent8#ee law!er '(e ret plit a%ong contingent #ee5 part!8#eed5 #ee8(i#ting "! = or tatute

D Defendans nurance Straig(t8#ee 7LC7P'ON: $egal ,id

E$ans $. Jeff5 p+ 2M26D ot all injunctive relie# /to i%prove treat%ent o# intitutionalized cla %e%"er !et no

law!er #ee > wa epenive cae

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Sera Hwang

D State o# da(o %a!"e did t(i "*c alread! u"idize legal aid or to give %g #or ot(er notto ue t(e%

D Ct a!5 too "ad5 "*c !ou (ave to erve !our client !et dile%%a wit( allocation #or clientand law!er #ee+

D Yet t(i would a##ect w(at cae legal aid will ta)e on "*c li%ited reource

B%#'annon $.


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Sera Hwang

D "ither P will )&o*a*l- /in orP clai% raie 8se&io%s9 iss%esand/baancing test ofharms P (ar%ed "! re#ual %uc( %ore t(an & (urt "! grant

D Pu"lic interetD # (ar% to P s%ffi#ienl- se&io%s5 'en onl- fai& #'an#e of s%##esson %erit i

re?d+ # (ar% to P s%ffi#ienl- se&io%s5 'en onl- fai& #'an#e of s%##esson

%erit i re?d

!rovisiona Remedies and /ue !rocess

D &eire #or an e##ective re%ed! collide wit( anot(er principle /due proceF%enes $. S'e$in5 p+ 2Q96 !rocedura due process /propert! interet < poeor! interet6 ut (ave /1 notice and /2 opportunit! #or a (earing /!et doent actuall! (ave to "e a

(earing a! not "e %uc( o# a win "*c people uu dont go to (earing "*c no ti%e5 J > increae price

o# credit /o %ig(t %a)e too epenive "*c potential legal #ee #or creditor

Fa#o&s o #onside& /i' d%e )&o#ess:/1 will private partie "e a##ected "! o##icial actionK/2 ri) o# erroneou deprivation o# uc( interet t(roug( procedure uedK/- govt interet in additional or u"titute procedural re?uire%ent

E;a()les:o Una*le o find #on$enien )a&+in!, la/ s%den )a&+s in ine&se#ion nea&es o la/ s#'ool. Poli#e o/ /o 'ea&in!.

Denial of d%e )&o#ess=

o /1 private interet: t(at %! car /clear propert! interet

o /2 (ow li)el! i t(at t(at t(ere %ig(t "e a %ita)e "! t(e govt and (ow li)el! t(at (aving a (earing would ta)e

care o# t(at %ita)eK ,n: well t(e car i t(ere5 o it "loc)ing tra##ic+o /- govt interet: i# ever!one par)ed t(eir car in t(e treet5 t(en would "e denial o# due proce /i%portant to )eep

tra##ic goingo Bae&ed s)o%se see+s e; )a&e 0no !oin! o e$en ell D in 'a #ase 'a s'e?s see+in! o&de&, no noi#e2 &es&ainin!

o&de&. Noi#e 'ea&in! &e5?d=o /1 private interet: & #reedo% o# %ove%ent5 aociational rig(t

o /2 ri) o# erroneou deprivation: (e aid*(e aid contet5 igni#icant poi"ilit! t(at %ita)e (ere o can olve

pro"le% wit( (earingo /- govt interet /additional a#eguard: "etter to veer on a#et! ide /trong interet in protecting "odil!

integrit! #ourts issue e$ parte order if serious threats and w% short time to a hearing (similar to R%le Gwith

&'s)

issimilar with other e$ample* might have benefit from hearing but should air on caution with

domestic restraining orders

+otice of someone pursuing restraining order often comes right before beating, -et if

restraining order in place before beating then legal remedies for this

PLEADIN

'(ree era o# pleading:D Co%%on law: t(e writ and all t(at /120081Q30D Code Pleading: jut t(e #act5 %aa% /1Q308 D Notice Pleading: jut give %e a (int5 pleaeK /1;-Q88 5 tell a tor!

T/o Medie$al P&o#ed%&al S-se(s

Co((on la/ )&o#ess

D 'rier: judge5 jurieD or%ulaic pleadingt(e writD $ive witnee5 "ut no u"poena or

C'an#e&- )&o#ess

D 'rier: judge5 no jur!D &etailed pleadingD Su"poena "ut no live teti%on!6

M


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Sera Hwang

dicover!D Narrow part! tructureD ,ppeal onl! a#ter #inal judg%ent

dicover!D Open part! tructureD ree interlocutor! appeal

So /'a 'a$e /e done= Co(*inin! s-se(s

D 'rier o%eti%e judge5 o%eti%e "ot( judge and jur!D Pleadin!s no #or%ula "ut fe/ fa#s ule Q: Fa s'o& and )laintate%ent o# t(e clai% (owing t(e pleader i entitled

to relie#GD $ive witnee5 up"oena5 and dicover! /plu %oreD Broad part! tructureD A))eal onl- afe& final %d!(en

E;#e) #or interlocutor! appeal #ro% injunctive relie#

P&o*le( /i' Pleadin!s

D In#o()ai*le !oals"

1+ $earn a %uc( a we can at t(e tart o# t(e cae o we can s#&een o% /ea+#ases #'ea)l- 2+ Eli(inae e#'ni#al *a&&ie&sto cae t(at will "e (e&io&io%s ift(e! can get

to dis#o$e&-D Noi#e )leadin! does /ell a H4, less /ell a H1.

Onl! cae in w(ic( it s#&eensare t(oe w(ere pleader lac) ega *asis#or clai% Fa#sget creened lae&/and #act are creened "etter

Dilao&- )leads" > &es)onses o alle!aions 'a 'a$e no'in! o do /i' (e&is of #ase : Turidictional c(allenge /Unot (ere Plea in upenion /Unot now: wait until anot(er pro"le% i olved

Plea in a"ate%ent /Unot until t(i de#ect (a "een #ied: procedural de#ect inco%plaintPe&e()o&- )leas" !&a))le /i' (e&is of #lai(

&e%urrer: concede trut( o# #act "ut c(allenge legal u##icienc! /USo w(atK R%le140*20G2

'ravere: concede legal u##icienc! "ut den! #actual allegation /UNot true Con#eion and avoidance: concede legal and #actual allegation "ut allege

additional #act t(at c(ange t(eir igni#icance /UYe "utLega issues easier2cheaper to sove than factua issues' 34b5 $ diatory peas

6addle $. a&&ison5 p+ -146 Haddle wa at8will e%plo!ee w(o wa #ired "*c (e o"e!ed #ederal grand jur! u"poena and

to deter (i% #ro% teti#!ing at a #ederal cri%inal trial+ Sued under t(e law t(at injuredContit8protected propert! interet /"*c at8will5 not #or8caue5 e%plo!ee5 !et t(i i notpropert! interet "ut %ore li)e inti%idation or retaliation+

&e%urrer "*c even i# au%ing #act all correct5 no legal "ai #or clai% /"*c no propert!injur! potentiall! injured at8will e%plo!ee doent (ave propert! interet in jo"

thica Limitations

Q


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Sera Hwang

T'e La/ o$e&nin! La/-e&s

D eneral law88e+g+5 #raud5 t(e#t5 etc+D eneral rule applica"le to all law!er a pro#eional%alpracticeD eneral rule applica"le to all law!er a law!er+

D 7+g++ &utie o# lo!alt!5 diligence to client+

D Ot(er reponi"ilitie created "! code or rule o# pro#eional conduct5 t!picall!en#orced "! pro#eional diciplinar! %ec(ani%D /So #ar5 not(ing pecial a"out litigation+D $aw!er in particular #ield alo (ave pecial contraint applica"le to t(eir wor) wit(in

t(oe #ield+D 7+g+ cri%inal proecutor5 ecuritie law!er (ave pecial reponi"ilitie

generated "! t(e Contitution and "! ecuritie regulation+D ule 11 give pecial reponi"ilitie to civil litigator88applica"le onl! to t(at role+

R%le 11 as a R%le

Solve pro"le% o# creating !te% giving law!er incentive to lie

Cover all pleading5 written %otion5 and ot(er paper t(at law!er ign /ignature %ean!oure o)a! wit( docu%ent+ '(u5 eclude dicover!+ ,pplica"le #or law!er5 partie not repreented "! law!er5 law #ir% iggle roo%: 11#1A /(ave 21 da! to correct5 11#4A /%onetar! anction not awarded

againt repreented part! Sanction: ct ,Y i%poe appropriate anction upon law!er5 partie5 or law #ir% /11#2


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Sera Hwang

P /dentit ued to get rei%"ured #or dental %old da%aged in #looding /IJ100= in value5!et in counter8clai%5 !et & counter8clai%ed t(at P lied5 !et #ailed to identi#! lie+ R%le *togive #air notice o# preciel! w(ic( tate%ent part! allege i #ale5 or ele di%ied+ Yetopportunit! to a%end pleading /R%le 1a5 o & wa allowed to a%end t(eir pleading to "e%ore peci#ic+

,ocating the ements

(ic( part! (a t(e "urden o# pleading5 producing evidence5 or proving a particular ele%ento# a clai%+

B%&dens:/1 B%&den of )leadin!: %ut allege t(at ele%ent o# clai% or de#ene/2 B%&den of )&od%#ion: at trial5 %ut produce evidence/- B%&den of )e&s%asion: peruade trier o# #act t(at one verion o# #act i %oreli)el! t(an not to "e true

//sually all go together

"arly case in the battle over procedural aspect of civil rights claims struggles that havereflected themselves in many stages of litigationo(ez $. Toledo5 p+ --36 Main iss%e: w(oever tate in either peading or answert(at Fgood or "ad #ait(G might

have burden of proof aterin trial+ '(u5 ?uetion o# w(o (a burden of peading"ad*good#ait(+

Since ?uali#ied i%%unit! i t(e & de#ene > not(ing in tatute a! t(at P (a to "ring upFgood #ait(G5 t(en & "urden o# pleading Fgood #ait(G and put in anwer+

o ,lo & i F"et poitionG to )now w(et(er good #ait( or not5 even t(oug( contrar!

to #raud cae5 w(ic( %a)e victi% prove Ass%()ion" if -o% )lead i, -o% 'a$e *%&den of )&oof as /ell

o

Pleading: deter%ine i# clai% /"urden o# proo# on P or de#ene /"urden on &

Responding to the Compaint

B% no al/a-s . . . Res)ondin! o a Co()lain

Defendan?s A#ion

D 1+ Not(ingD 2+ ,nwer D -+ Pre8anwer %otion

Conse5%en#es

D 1+ &e#ault judg%entD 2+ urt(er proceed8ingD -+ &ela! o# anwer6 deciion on iue

raied "! %otion+

'(reaten de#ault judg%ent to #orce & to repl! /R%le 6 T/o o))o&%niies fo& D /'o do &es)ond:/1 )&eans/e& (oion raie certain t!pe o# o"jection to action at ver! earl! tage

o# litigation /& (a option o# #iling o%eti%e %a! potentiall! end cae+

/2 ans/e& 3 repond to allegation o# t(e co%plaint > aert an! additionalin#or%ation or a##ir%ative clai% t(at & %a! (ave againt P+

P&eans/e& (oion ans/e& (a- se&$e as +e- fo& s&ae!-"partie de#ine contour o#t(eir diagree%ent and %aneuver #or earl! advantage

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Sera Hwang

Potential earlier5 c(eaper ter%ination o# cae #or & R%le 14! 14' (ave cone?uence #or %a)ing > not %a)ing a ule 12

%otion

!re-answer motion

& poi"le repone:/a reaon w(! court (ould not proceed wit( t(e action6/" aertion t(at t(e co%plaint5 even i# true5 provide no "ai #or legal relie#6/c denial6/d a##ir%ative de#ene6/e re?uet #or clari#ication and %ore in#or%ation+

R%le 14*: de#eneR%le 14e: %otion #or %ore de#inite tate%ent /#ro% (itorical ter% w(en pleading were %oredetailedR%le 14f: %otion to tri)e: /1 part i# not correct allegation or /2 i# Uredundant5 i%%aterial5i%pertinent5 or candalou %atterGi# co%plaint i overl! long > detailed

,nswer

# not legal allegation /de%ur 12"95 or an!t(ing in 12"5 t(en #actual allegation1 Denials: & denie %an! o# t(e allegation o# co%plaint+ R%le * and d+

&enie allegation o# co%plaintR%le *: re?uire & to den! onl! t(oe allegation t(at (e actuall! diputeR%le d: provide t(at an! allegation t(at i not denied i dee%ed ad%itted+

Kielins+i $. P'iladel)'ia Pie&s5 p+ -4-6 ,ccident wit( #or) li#t and in anwer5 & ue "lan)et denial a"out per#or%ance >

owner(ip5 control5 etc /included in one p(rae !et P uncertain i# den!ing owner(ip+ Yet now5 ot(er co%panie are operator and controller5 w(ile t(e! are till

owner o# e?uip%ent+ Now So$ pa to "ring addition partie in5 "*cvague anwer+ e?uire %ore peci#ic anwer t(an a general denial5 "*c dont )now w(at &

den!ing and ad%itting+ /to give P rig(t o# action # anwer are %ileading /even u"e?uent to #iling o# anwer5 even i# t(e denial in

anwer (ad "een u##icient5 t(en part! /& i till etopped+ '(u5 can "e a%ended i#jutice o re?uire+

Yet P (ad lopp! dra#tingV Ct too ea! on t(e%+2 Affi&(ai$e Defenses: ene&al denial"place in iue all o# t(e %aterial allegation contained in P petition

necear! to upport (i clai% and t(e & i entitled to prove an! #act w(ic( tend to (ow

P caue o# action never (ad an! legal eitence+ Affi&(ai$e defense" & (a de#ene in nature o# con#eion o# #act o# P petition "utaver t(at t(e P t(eor! o# lia"ilit! even t(oug( utained "! t(e evidence doe not appl!to it "*c o# additional #act w(ic( place & in a poition to avoid an! legal reponi"ilit!#or it action5 t(en uc( de#ene must be in answer+

Re5%i&ed in )leadin!" an!t(ing t(at i# not pleaded would "e li)el! to ta)e t(eadvere part! "! urpried or would raie iue o# #act not appearing on t(e#ace o# a prior pleadingG /don6t be surprised)

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Sera Hwang

Pleading i%portant o%eti%e i# little dicover! > pretrial proce5 "*c t(enpleading (ow iue in dipute /#or partie to not "e urpried in trial >direct dicover! to addre t(oe iue /hep parties cater cases bypeadings

%ut "e pleaded in anwer a a##ir%ative de#ene

- Re)l-: R%le a" re?uire a repl! i# anwer contain Fa counterclai%G5 !et not #or a##ir%ativede#ene6 i# la"eled Fcounterclai%G5 t(en repl! re?d /even i# %ila"eled jut to "e a#e %andator!6 !et i# la"eled a##ir%ative de#ene5 t(en dont (ave to repond

Ct or part! %a! alo order a repone4 A(end(ens: Pleadin!s: preli%inar! de#n o# w(at a lawuit i a"out5 "ut de#n %a! c(ange5 o

#lei"le a%ending+ R%le 1: A(end(ens" re#lect partie c(anged view o# cae a it develop6 notion o#

prejudice /at o%e point5 t(e ot(er ide (a to %a)e deciion a"out (ow to preent cae5!et di##icult i# tor! continuall! c(anging

party may amend the party1s pleading once as a matter of course at any timebefore a responsive pleading is served , , , , therwise a )a&- (a- a(endtheparty1s pleading onl- *- lea$e of #o%&or by written #onsen of 'e ad$e&se)a&- and lea$e s'all *e f&eel- !i$en /'en %si#e so &e5%i&es, , ,

(en i it too late to c(ange !our tor! /a%end !our pleadingK (en jutice o re?uire: w(en i it too late to c(angeK /on eve o# trialbetter

have good e7cuse2reason#or t(i Need to give partie more time to prepare' not surprised about tria Allo/ )a&ies o #'an!e )leadin!s *#" /1 want to #ind trut( in cae5 /2 dicover!

ta)e place a#ter pleading o a#ter #inding out %ore in#o5 (ould "e a"le to reviepleading during dicover!

T'e Basi# P&o*le(" P&e%di#eBee#+ $. A5%aslide N? Di$e Co&),p+ -34 Strict product lia"ilit! clai% w(ere ,?ualide accued o# product de#ect !et ,

realized later t(at it not real %#r5 and So$ ran out #or Beec) to ue real %#r+ Cant re? , to "e & "*c (ow can , prove anot(er %#r didnt (ave prod de#ectK

Sill!V Yet P "ad #or not eploring %ore > & #or ad%itting t(e! were %#r t(o

#ale /o ct allowed & to a%end it anwer

Sa%e of Li(iaion Relaion Ba#+ R%le 1#" olve So$ pro"le% "! dating a%end%ent to original pleading date i#

/1 clai%*de#ene aroe #ro% a%e '*O a original pleading > i# /2 real & (ould(ave reaona"l! )nown t(at lawuit (ould (ave "een againt t(e%5 t(en a#terSo$5 can till "ring lawuit againt t(e%+

Moo&e $. Ba+e&5 p+ -3;6 Cant a%end pleading "*c a#ter dicover!5 !et want to a%end #ro% in#or%ed conent

to negligence in per#or%ing urger! and pot8operative careBone&*5 p+ -906

12


13/76


Sera Hwang

,%ended pleading #or peronal injurie on & recreational "a)et"all court #ro%negligentl! %aintaining to couneling %alpractice+

elation "ac) doctrine: "ai t(at one given notice o# litigation concerning a given'*O (ave "een provided wit( all t(e protection t(at So$ a##ord /"*c advied at outeto# general #act #ro% w(ic( "elated aerted clai% arie

o

,llegation in original and a%ended co%plaint #ro% a%e operative #act/P injurie > gave & u##icient notice > no "ad #ait( on part o# PRL,%"&+ ,C8' %iming important (fairness) $ peadings guide discovery

DISCOERY

ot cae end at during pretrial and "e#ore dicover! Dis#o$e&- ends la/s%is *#: /1 produce in#or%ation on %erit > per%it partie to %a)e

in#or%ed judg%ent a"out trengt( o# "ot( partie poition /ettle%ent or u%%ar!judg%ent5 /2 partie %ig(t run out o# %one!

ES dicover! !te% %a)e it poi"le to #erret out %uc( a lo to# in#o /o allow partie to

(ave good counel > ade?uate reource to litigate in #ull poeion o# relevant in#or%ationo /1 etent o# epenive Fover8dicover!G5 /2 Funder8dicover!G and tonewalling5

/- aerted decline o# pro#eional civilit! and cooperation5 /4 #ailure o# judicialuperviion

elevance: grant and li%it power6 Privilege: li%it dicover!

8Dis#o$e&-9 *efo&e Dis#o$e&-

D 7arl! co%%on law (ad no !te% #or co%pelling dicloure o# evidence "e#ore trial+ 7arl! co%%on law alo lac)ed u"poena power6 witnee teti#ied voluntaril!+

D 7?uit! wa all dicover!5 no trial: witnee u"poenaed5 teti#ied at depoition5 "ut notlive+

D B! 1;00 witnee could "e co%pelled to teti#! in co%%on law trial5 "ut it it wadi##icult > aw)ward to co%pel evidence "e#ore trial+

R%le 4G0*2012T'e Ma!na Ca&a of Mode&n Dis#o$e&-

FPartie (a- o*aindicover! regarding an- (ae&, no )&i$ile!ed5 t(at i &ele$an o'e #lai( o& defenseo# an! part!+ + + + Fo& !ood #a%se5 t(e court %a! order dicover! o#an! %atter relevant to t(e u"ject %atter involved in t(e action+ Rele$an info&(aionneed no *e ad(issi*leat t(e trial ift(e dis#o$e&-appear &easona*l- #al#%laed olead o 'e dis#o$e&- of ad(issi*le e$iden#e+G

'(e ,nato%! o# ule 29/": (o5 (at5 and (enK

/"/1FPa&ies (a-o"tain dicover! regarding an! %atter5 not privileged5 t(at i&ele$an o 'e #lai( o& defense of an- )a&-. . . . Qand &easona*l- #al#%laed o leado 'e dis#o$e&- of ad(issi*le e$iden#e+G FFo& !ood #a%se, 'e #o%& (a- orderdicover! o# an! %atter &ele$an o 'e s%*e# (ae&involved in t(e action+G /"/2FB! order5 court %a!+ + + li%it Wi#X unreaona"lWeXG

S&%#%&e of Dis#o$e&-

D Fi&s sa!e

1-


14/76


Sera Hwang

nitiated "! partie /relevant > privileged6 judge intervene onl! in cae o#dipute5 w* "road dicretion

it Frelevant to clai% or de#ene + + + reaona"l! calculated to lead to ad%ii"leevidenceG and not unreaona"le in lig(t o# caeK

it privilegedK

D Se#ond sa!e:*- lea$e of #o%& it Frelevant to u"ject %atter involved in t(e actionG

Reevance

bout common sense (whats relevant to 3s claim%pleading) information you need is basedon what you have to show

only needs to come forward with what they will use to support their claim%defenseDa$is $. P&e#oa Meals5 p+ -936 P want in#or%ation on ot(er co%plaint a"out racial and national origin dicri%ination at

a%e plant to (ow dicri%inator! pretet > & a! too "road+ /%a!"e to "ring in additionalP too

Ct grant "*c P li%ited to one plant > race and national origin dicri%ination /narrowl!tailored to peci#ic allegation o# P co%plaint+Seffan $. C'ene-5 p+ -9M6 Ste##an dic(arged "*c (e proclai%ed (e wa (o%oeual5 !et contitutionall! c(allenge

dic(arge /alo it el#8incri%ination+ Ste##an re#ued to anwer ?uetion o got cae di%ied5 o can appeal /#inal judg%ent rule+ ,)ed a"out (o%oeual conduct !et irrelevant to clai% /dic(arged "*c proclai%ed (e wa

(o%oeual5 not o# %iconduct+ Onl! t(ing relevant i w(! t(e! aid t(e! dic(arged (i%5 not ot(er reaon t(e! can get (i%+ Tudicial review o# an ad%initrative action i con#ined to Ft(e ground upon w(ic( t(e

record dicloe t(at Wt(eX action wa "aed+G SEPPOS7: Ste##an dic(arged #or alleged eual conduct5 doe (e (ave to anwer ?uetion

a"out eual conductK Ye5 i# it (ig(l! relevant > %ain point o# cae even t(oug( el#8incri%ination5 etc+

Rele$an#e P&i$ile!e

D elevance tie dicover! and evidenceto u"tantive law+

D FrrelevantG %ean t(at u"tantive lawdenie igni#icance o# t(i in#or%ation+

7+g+ %otive #or "reac( o#contract+

D Privilege tru%p relevance+

D FPrivilegedG %ean t(at we t(in)o%et(ing %ore i%portant t(anFcorrectG outco%e o# cae+

R%le 4Ga1D" re?uire part! to (ow inurance agree%ent t(at %ig(t pa! #or da%age i# P winD (ow (ow %uc( incentive P (ave #or litigation /deeper poc)et > punitive da%age

ize

!riviege

D protections for information from certain sources

14


15/76


Sera Hwang

D typically blocks information from particular source not underlying facts (so if get sameinfo from unprivileged source should be okay)

D privilege of selfincrimination may be waived by taking stand and denying the crimeD communication to ones lawyer is privileged,

@6 P(!ical ea% /R%le > &epoition R%le >

D Eu lat tage " *c li%ited ti%e and need in#o to get good depoition /wit("ac)ground in#o

13


16/76


Sera Hwang

D Noe: uuall! not a lot o# dicover! and dicloure produce %ot evidence and %a!"e 1depoition

D R%le >d, >>*, >a4 @D Cant ue interrogator! to non8part!5 "ut !ou can depoe non8part! /previou reaon "*c

not literate

Yet i# want to give non8part! an interrogator!5 can join and t(en drop a#terdicover!D nterrogatorie li%ited to 23 ?uetion /unle ct allow %ore6 alread! (ave "aic in#or%

wit( re?d dicloure a well+D &epoition: (ave to anwer all ?uetion+ Onl! ground to direct witne not to anwer i

under >d15 w(en %ut preerve a privilege5 en#orce li%itation directed "! ct5 or preent%otion under >d@+ Or ele %ut anwer ?uetion even i# not relevant+ # irrelevantt(o5 can o"ject > (ave it noted /> ct %ig(t eclude it later on

Reasons fo& no dis#losin!:D & (a incri%inating evidence againt P+ e?uired to dicloeK

o

a!"e not "*c can a! uing Folel! to i%peac(G5 !et "ig ri) o# (avingevidence "loc)ed /loe great evidence > cant ue in trialo Yet i# dicloe5 t(en loe ele%ent o# urprie5 give P a c(ance to c(ange (er

tor!5 in eence (ave denied P pleading tor!D FSolel! #or i%peac(%entG onl! #or dicloure5 o during dicover!5 i# re?ueted5 t(e

evidence %ut "e produced +o # P argue t(at (ould (ave dicloed5 t(en ule -M: ordinar! anction #or not

dicloing to eclude "ut i# no (ar%5 t(en allow docu%ent !et %a!"e jut pa!cotK R%le >#: Funle uc( #ailure i (ar%leG

D # #ail to get dicloure5 t(en ule -Ma2,: %ovant %ut (ow in good #ait( atte%pted to

get dicloure5 !et ot(er part! didnt co%pl!o San#ions: reaona"le epene -Ma4

Ad(issions" Dis#o$e&- o& Dela-ed Pleadin!=

or partie5 %ut uppl! all in#or%ation not privileged !et relevant+

Ine&&o!ao&-: produce evidence on conteted #act6

Ad(ission: ad%itted it on a pleading /no longer conteted #act

o Eu on in#or%ation t(at int t(at i%portant

Sanction:&ell court that youve made good faith effort to go through legal process

Sanctions include making information as admitted attorney 5 filing fees,D Fail%&e o &es)ond o dis#o$e&- &e5%es

B- Pa&-88(at procedureK (at anctionKD -M/a/2/B5 #ollowed "! -M/"/2

B- Non)a&-88re#ue to anwer in depoitionD -M/a/2/B5 #ollowed "! -M/"/1

D Suppoe part! ee) clearl! undicovera"le %aterial6 w(at anctionK 29/g

19


17/76


Sera Hwang

/iscovery and !rivacy

D 6ot of !udicial discretion in granting protective orderD Still concerned with relevance and privilege of information based on pleadings 5

circumstances of evidence (employment memo)

P&oe#i$e O&de&: even i# not privileged > relevant5 get protective orderD ule 29c: protect a part!*peron #ro% anno!ance5 e%"arra%ent5 oppreion5 or undue"urden*epene/1 no dicloure5 /2 dicloure*dicover! onl! on peci#ic ter%5 /-

dicover! onl! t(roug( anot(er %et(od

Salna+e& $. (a& Co&)5 p+ -Q16D 7%plo!%ent eual (ara%ent cae in w(ic( P ee)ing #or ot(er wo%en to teti#! to

(ow pretet /relevant > not privileged !et & a! it too "road in cope /not relevantenoug( > unnecearil! e%"arraing5 etc+

D Ct a! P can onl! tal) a"out eual (ara%ent and not voluntar! eual relation5 o P%ut p(rae ?uetion care#ull!+

P&oe#i$e O&de&s


18/76


Sera Hwang

D "ig rie in [ o# epert6 pecial dicover! rule o# report /get t(eor!5 depoe5 etc+ /R%le4G*@

D Ideniies of e;)e&s=o 4G0a20420A2&icloe identitie o# potentiall! teti#!ing epert

D 7%alifi#aions #onens of o)inions=

o 4G0a20420B2teti#!ing epert %ut u"%it "io > reporto 4G0*20@28nonteti#!ing epert

D P&o*in! e;)e& esi(on-=o 4G0*20@2routine depo o# teti#!ing epert6 pecial (owing #or nonteti#!ing

epert

T'o()son $. 6as+ell,p+ -;;6D P wa ee)ing to protect (er p!c(ological (itor! in eual (ara%ent cae5 !et (e

clai%ed (e wa ditraug(t+ '(ere#ore5 (e waived (er privilegeD Ct a! t(at & cant get t(i in#o an!w(ere ele /didnt (ave opportunit! to "*c in pat

ti%ing iue co%pared to Hic)%an

o B*c o# ti%ing5 ue R%le 4G*@Bintead o# R%le >: P(!ical and ental 7a% o#Peron

D P p!c(ologit int epert conulted in anticipation o# litigation a well /eg+ i%ilar toe%ergenc! roo% doctor jut teti#!ing a"out w(at (appened5 not giving (er epertopinion on o%et(ing

Fed R%le of E$id 4"

# cienti#ic5 tec(nical5 or ot(er pecialized )nowledge will ait t(e trier o# #act toundertand t(e evidence or to deter%ine a #act in iue5 a witne ?uali#ied a an epert"! )nowledge5 )ill5 eperience5 training5 or education5 %a! teti#! t(ereto in t(e #or% o#an opinion or ot(erwie5 i# /1 t(e teti%on! i "aed upon u##icient #act or data5 /2 t(e

teti%on! i t(e product o# relia"le principle and %et(od5 and /- t(e witne (aapplied t(e principle and %et(od relia"l! to t(e #act o# t(e cae+

C'i5%ia Ine&naional Ld $. M Bole&o Reefe&5 p+ 4006o C(i?uita i uing (ipping co%pan! "*c "anana rotted a#ter crane "ro)e+ S(ipping

co%pan! i ee)ing report #ro% non8teti#!ing crane epert+o P o"ject "*c non8teti#!ing epert5 > ct denie dicover! "*c & (ad an opportunit! to

ea%ine t(e crane t(e%elve

1Q


19/76


Sera Hwang

1;


20/76


Sera Hwang

9uic: Review"

If )lans o as+ D&. o esif-"

(at %ut A dicloeK Na%e > contact in#o /29/a/1

ut &r u"%it "io > reportK

No: an epert "ut not retained in anticipation o# litigation and t(ere#ore notu"ject to 29/a/2 Can @ get law!er interview noteK

Enli)el! w*out %ore: trial prep %aterialno apparent pecial need+ Can A prevent @ #ro% a)ing a"out S+'+&+K

,rgua"lei# unrelated to underl!ing injur! and not ot(erwie relevant6 %a)e29/c %otion

D # A doent plan to (ave &r+ teti#! can @ depoe &rKD Ye6 a #act witne wit( relevant in#o a to w(ic( A (a waived privilege

"! putting p(!ical injurie at iueD Can @ get cop! o# &r+ treat%ent noteK HowK

Ye: relevant5 unprivileged /"ut ee poi"le redaction "! protective order6u"ject to u"poena under ule 43/a+

Dealin! /i' Bad Be'a$io& in Dis#o$e&-

o 7ad behavior* elay evasiveness abusive use of various discovery devices use of

discovery to buy time or to force a hardpressed opponent to settle for lesso &oo little discovery (stonewalling) too much discovery and mismatched discovery (in

wealth so richer party tries to seek more discovery to cause other party)o &ools* (8) limits on discovery (9relevant to claim%defense:) (2) sanctions for bad

behavior (;) !udicial supervisiono Sanction: ule 29/g and -M

o Protective order /ule 29c: li%it dicover! i# produce Fanno!ance5 e%"arra%ent5oppreion5 or undue "urden or epeneG+

o P&o*le(s: part! can get in#o ot(er part! (a "ut ver! epenive and "urdeno%e5 one

part! ride #ree on dicover! e##ort o# ot(er partie

T'o()son $. De) of 6UD5 p+ 4036o P5 deiring injunctive relie# #or $' racial dicri%ination in Balti%ore5 ee) lot o# doc

under ule -4 /doc*dicover!5 !et & a! it too epenive to produce t(e%+/burden2benefit anaysis

o Ct a! to cooperate5 %a)e good #ait( e##ort to reac( co%%on ground on dipute /odd

anwer

Poole $. Te;&on5 p+ 40M6o Product lia"ilit! clai% on overturning gol# cart+ P law!er want anction #or dicover!

a"ue "*c no u"tantial juti#ication #or not co%pl!ing+ /"eing pain in t(e "utto R%le >: want order to co%pel & to give P t(ing and #ee5 "*c & (ould (ave given P

docu%ent an!wa!+o R%le >a@: peci#ic %otion to co%pel dicloure /an to interrogator!5

depoition6 i# re#ual wa unjuti#ied5 t(en anwer Z #ee

20


21/76


Sera Hwang

o R%le 4G!: i%ilar to ule 11 ecept peci#ic to dicover! /certi#! wit( ignature

o San#ions" individual law!er pa! /anction5 #ee5 de#ault judg%ent5 punitive da%age

o "ut %a!"e not "ad*anno!ing law!er "ut jut (!5 cowardl!5 inco%petent /and didnt get

all in#o #ro% client "e#ore(and

SETTLEMENT

Is Lii!aion P%*li# o& P&i$ae=

P%*li#

D , "aic #unction o# all govern%ent+D Cri%inal law "loc) el#8(elp5 end

partie into civil !te%D Court init on adjudicating unle

partie agree

P&i$ae

D Co%petent partie can agree at an!point to end dipute+

D Enli)e cri%inal law5 no judicialapproval generall! re?uired

D State will en#orce ettle%ent5 even onet(at could not "e a judg%ent+

6o/ S%is End /i'o% Ad%di#aionD ,"andon%ent "! plainti##

a! repreent judg%ent on %erit a! repreent inade?uate #inancing o# uit+

D Contractual reolution: ,not(er #oru%: ar"itration Settle%ent

D ,rrived at "! partie aloneD ,ited "! %ediation5 or i%ilar t(ird8part!

ot civil uit end wit( ettle%ent5 2. wit( trial5 and -0. wit( non8trial adjudication

T/o e&sions of Sele(enood verion Bad verion

D Bot( partie5 %otl! t(roug( counel5aided "! dicover!5 ae value o#clai%5 ri) o# trial

D Converging eti%ate ave "ot( idecot5 ri)5 and ti%e o# trial+

D Badl! couneled plainti## ground down"! de#endant wit( greater reource

D &e#endant5 cared "! %all c(ance o#ver! "ig judg%ent5 pa! to ettle%eritle clai%+

Co()an-:o ain f&o( sele(en: a"ilit! to e%plo!5 %ar)eting concern5 invetor5 c(eaper to ettle

/po advere judg%ent in trial5 dont (ave to #ocu on litigation intead o# "uine5

dont epoure trade ecret iue /i# not patentedo Do/nsides: igni#icant epoure #or additional litigation /ri) o# ettle%ent5 till (ave to

"e dicloed to invetor5 in#or%ation %a! till lea) out5 ver! epenive to ettle %eritleclai%+

E()lo-ee:o ain f&o( sele(en: pa!o## ooner t(an later5 )eep good reputation /doent get

dragged t(roug( %ud in litigation5 #uture e%plo!ee wont ee (er a litigation (app!5

21


22/76


Sera Hwang

ettle%ent /#eel li)e (e won5 gain (ig(er . #ro% ettle%ent /"*c le litigation #ee >.age

o Do/nsides: pu"lic vindication wit( trial5 en#orce%ent via court in trial judg%ent

Confli#: P want en#orcea"ilit! o# = > & want %a con#identialit! !et #or en#orce%ent5

need ct !et t(en (ave to #ile clai%*co%plaintVo Poenial sol%ions: li?uidated da%ageK

o Affi&(ai$e defense: ued i# ued a#ter ettling /attac( ettle%ent agree%ent > %ove #or

ST

J%&isdi#ion #lai(s sele(en: i# P (a "ot( #ed and tate clai%5 and tate ct ettleFan! and all clai% "tw t(e partieG5 t(en w(at upKo F%ll Fai' and C&edi A#: /re: judicial proceeding < court ettle%ent5 judg%ent "!

tate o##icial i repected "! #ederal court*o##icial a well

Mas%s'ia Ele#&i# $. E)sein5 p+ 4-26

o State ct cant tr! #ederal clai% !et ettle%ent in tate court /in conent decree judg%entpurported to ettle "ot( tate > #ederal clai%

o Ct (eld t(at tate uit ettled "ot( tate > #ederal clai%5 even clai% t(at tate ct couldnt

(ave adjudicated "*c ull ait( and Credit ,ct

# P ettle a#ter & loe S*T %otion5 t(en can till u"poena > depoe P "ut cant a) (er a"outter% o# ettle%ent5 "ut a"out relevant in#o to !our cae

o ,gaint pu"lic interet #or partie to "e a"le to ettle and )eep ever!t(ing private

/even i# to (elp ot(er cae5 !et t(i under%ine ettle%ento C,N' a) a"out ettle%ent /tructure5 a%t5 etc "ut C,N a) a"out underl!ing #act+

Li(is of Confideniali-:alina%s+as $. diincentiveit+

o Yet ct a! %a)e ettle%ent "loc) in#or%ation /againt pu"lic interet5 o can tal)

a"out #act o# caeo # #iled "! ct5 !ou can ue it /clai%*co%plaint: R%le d

R%le d"

,ll paper a#ter t(e co%plaint re?uired to "e erved upon a part!5 toget(er wit( acerti#icate o# ervice5 %ut "e #iled wit( t(e court wit(in a reaona"le ti%e a#ter ervice5"ut dicloure under ule 29/a/1 or /2 and t(e #ollowing dicover! re?uet andrepone %ut not "e #iled until t(e! are ued in t(e proceeding or t(e court order #iling:/i depoition5 /ii interrogatorie5 /iii re?uet #or docu%ent or to per%it entr! uponland5 and /iv re?uet #or ad%iion+


23/76


Sera Hwang

o P: leverage wit( "argaining power #or (ig(er ettle%ent5 &: reaon w(! & pro"a"l!

want to ettle6 !et P law!er )now detail o# ettle%entBad o 'a$e #onfideniali-:

o Pu"lic interet uc( a de#ective product

A&*i&aion

Endin! dis)%es /i' #on&a#s

D Afe& dis)%e a&isesD $awuit\\D NegotiationD Contract: Settle%ent agree%entD 7n#orced "! court5 li)e ot(er contract

So%e pecial twit: e+g+5conent decree

D Befo&e dis)%eD ,gree%ent re tranaction

7%plo!%ent5 ale5 pro#eionalervice5 etc+

ncorporate !te% #orreolving dipute

D $i?uidated da%ageD ,r"itration

D ariou "randD Ot(er poi"ilitie+ + + +

A s'o& 'iso&- of a&*i&aion in #o%&s

D $ong practice o# ar"itrationco%%ercial5 trade5 religiou6 court would en#orce awardD But 1;t(5 earl! 20t( centur! court viewed pre8dipute ar"itration agree%ent )epticall!

ould o#ten re#ue to en#orce i# one part! re#uedD $ate 20t( centur! court e%"raced contract to ar"itrateD ot recentl!o%e )eptici%

Tuti#iedK On w(at groundK

7preed t(roug( w(ic( doctrinal pat(wa!K

# ar"itration claue in =5 t(en can di%i clai% /a"andon clai% or ta! trial #or ar"itration /notgoing to do an!t(ing

!an pro"a"l! wanted to ar"itrate "*c: litigation cot5 good deal #ro% ar"itration co%pan!5

And so /'a?s 'e )&o*le(. . . .=

Foss v; Ryan6s

D ,&, > $S, clai%D No agree%ent "ecaue no conideration

No conideration "ecaue noo"ligation to provide an!particular et o# procedure

Lyster v; Ryan6s

D 'itle clai% #or eual (ara%entD 7n#orcea"le agree%ent to ar"itrate

No (owing o#unconciona"ilit!

Not undul! (ar(

!an Stea)(oue can pro"a"l! #i "!: #iing rule and telling e%plo!ee a"out it5 #ee (i#ting o!an pa! #or ever!t(ing /o conideration5 !et %ore t(ing !oure c(anging to "e li)elitigation5 %ore !oure loing advantage #ro% ar"itration+

2-


24/76


Sera Hwang

Fe&!%son $. erguson ugget not w(ere t(ere i real "argaining and dura"le

relation(ipKD O&:one can &esis a&*i&aion on 'e *asis of s)e#ial na%&e of #lai(s in 5%esion:

S(ould o%e clai% not "e ar"itra"le5 or onl! under o%e conditionK

Clai% enitive tool

A&*i&aion" P&i$ae o&de&in! P%*li# La/

o (at dipute ar"itra"leK

Could Bu( > =err! agree "e#ore election to ar"itrate diputed election reultKD (!K "*c too pu"lic5 and i%portant to pu"lic interet

(at are (all%ar) o# dipute t(at (ould not "e ar"itra"leKD Fpu"licG88(ow de#inedKD Fi%portantG88(ow de#inedD Fli)el! to "e un#airG88(ow de#inedK

Cae "! caeK Or legilationK

7ver! tate per%it en#orce%ent o# ar"itration

D (at do we want out o# t(e%K ater5 c(eaper adjudication

D &o we need to co%pare ti%e > cot erioul!5 rat(er t(an au%ingK Creative adjudicationK Con#identialit!K

D or w(o%5 under w(at conditionK

24


25/76


Sera Hwang

Is 'e&e a *ee& /a- o )oli#e fai&ness of a&*i&aion #la%ses=

D (at do we want out o# t(e%K ater5 c(eaper adjudication

D &o we need to co%pare ti%e > cot erioul!5 rat(er t(an au%ingK Creative adjudicationK

Con#identialit!KD or w(o%5 under w(at conditionKD (o (ould police t(ee criteriaK

Court t(i an area w(ere legilation i neededK

D (at would it loo) li)eK

A&*i&aion diffe&s f&o( (ediaion"

A&*i&aion: contractuall! agreed to adjudication /"indingMedi#aion: aited negotiation5 doent a! w(ic( part! i rig(t "ut (elp t(e% reac( aoln

F&on end" will ct en#orce ar"itration agree%entK /L-se&Yes5 "ut i t(ere an!t(ing t(at will %a)e it unen#orcea"leKBa#+ end" will court review ar"itration awardK /Fe&!%son

No5 unle gro iue in ar"itration

S%((a&- J%d!(en

A B&ief 6iso&- of S%((a&- J%d!(en" F&o( Plainiff?s Boon 0*enefi2 o Defendan?s Bes

F&iend

D Su%%ar! judg%ent (a it root in 1;t( C+ law re#or%: a (ort proceeding #or pro%ior!note > "ill o# ec(ange+

ew #act at iue: igning o# note5 pa!%ent+D 'oda! a generalized procedure5 applica"le even to cae w(ere #act %a! "e co%ple+

How #ar can procedure tretc(K (en i it inappropriateK

R%le G. S%((a&- J%d!(en . . . .

c otion and Proceeding '(ereon+ + + +'(e judg%ent oug(t (all "e rendered #ort(wit(i# t(e pleading5 depoition5 anwer to interrogatorie5 and ad%iion on #ile5 toget(erwit( t(e a##idavit5 i# an!5 (ow t(at t(ere i no genuine iue a to an! %aterial #act andt(at t(e %oving part! i entitled to a judg%ent a a %atter o# law+

De(%&&e& $. S%((a&- J%d!(en

De(%&&e& 0140*20G2

D ould #act5 i# true5 tate a clai%KD ,ssume fact true< yet ega caim=

S%((a&- J%d!(en

D ,re %aterial #act diputedKD Fno genuine issue of material

factGD ,ndD &o undiputed #act tate a clai%K

D Fentitled to !udgment as a

23


26/76


Sera Hwang

matter of lawGD must be no issue of materia fact $ no

caim

Celoe; Co&). $. Ca&e,p+ 43Q6

o & conteted P clai% o# cauation /%a!"e not #ro% our a"eto > a"ilit! to (owepoure to it a"eto+

o P didnt (ow an!t(ing during dicover! t(at would allow rational jur! to conclude t(at it

wa Celote a"etoo &oent (ave to (ow t(at P want epoed to a"eto5 "ut jut t(at P didnt (ow t(i

during dicover!o &SCO7Y S ECH O7 PO',N': "*c cant wait until trial to %a)e

(owing t(at would ena"le !ou to get to t(e jur! %ore preure on partie to uedicover! %ore e##ectivel! /"*c per%it ot(er part! to get S*T

o Now "urden o# proo# #or P to prove t(at can (ow iue+

Ceote7>" T'e Ali!n(en of B%&dens,dic:es v; S;>; 8ress

D ,t trial5 plainti## (a "urden o#production on critical iue+

D On u%%ar! judg%ent5 de#endant (a"urden o# production

D 8I #an s'o/ I didn? do i.9

#elote$ v, #atrettD ,t trial5 plainti## (a "urden o#

production on critical iue+D On u%%ar! judg%ent5 plainti## (a

"urden o# production+D 8Plainiff #an? s'o/ I did i.9

Celoe;: c(anged "urden o# proo#D Ender t(e regi%e preceding #elote$ t(e part! "ringing t(e %otion #or u%%ar! judg%ent

(ad t(e "urden o# production+

D Now5 wit( Celote:D Fn our view5 t(e plain language o# ule 39/c%andate t(e entr! o# u%%ar!

judg%ent5 a#ter ade?uate dicover!+ + + againt a part! w(o #ail to %a)e a(owing u##icient to eta"li( t(e eitence o# an ele%ent eential to t(at part!cae5 and on w(ic( t(at part! will "ear t(e "urden o# proo# at trial+G

D F'(e partie (ad conducted dicover!5 and no eriou clai% can "e %ade t(at t(erepondent wa in an! ene Urailroaded "! a pre%ature %otion #or u%%ar! judg%ent+ ++ +G

D Defenses fo& SJ:/1 ,lread! (ave evidence in dicover! /ot(er in#erence > viewpoint (ow t(atreaona"le jur! can conclude %! clai%5

/2 nade?uate ti%e to dicover!5 or/- ,dditional evidence t(at & didnt )now a"out "*c didnt a) #or duringdicover!

Ti(in! #o()onen: %ut produce evidence w*in reaona"le ti%e on c(edule during dicover!5"*c a#ter dicover!5 partie can #ile S*T+ # wait until trial5 !oure crewed+

o # !ou dont produce docu%ent during dicloure5 t(en %ig(t not "e a"le to include

evidence #or trial /"arred+

29


27/76


Sera Hwang

o ,##ir%ative de#ene %ut "e proved "! &5 a clai% %ut "e proved "! P+

Ceote7and 'e wouldnt (ave given (i% polic! O wouldnt (ave paid "*cwould (ave aid (e wa l!ing on polic! a"out not doing drug+

D & %ove #or ST+ ue i w(et(er (i drug ue would (ave caued t(e inurer not to iue

a polic!+D Could rational trier o# #act #ind t(at inurer would*could (ave iued a polic!K Ct #indt(at tried couldnt (ave #ound t(i+ /cloe line+ S*T granted+

D Part! "urden in S*T < "urden in trialt(u5 pu(e %ore into )&e&ial dis#o$e&- /(ave

cae "! t(en or ele !oure crewedV: need e##ective ue o# dicover! ]V5 need allevidence > !our cae a#ter dicover! in cae o# S*T

D Ma- no *e a*le o /ai %nil SJ (oion o *&in! %) !&ea )oin %nless -o% 'a$e&eason fo& no *&in!in! i %) ea&lie& 0R%le 112

B%&den of P&oof"

a2 B%&den of Pleadin!" 'oledo > o%ez

*2 B%&den of P&od%#ion"locating and preenting evidence /depo5 interview5interrogative5 "ig deal a#ter Celote#2 B%&den of Pe&s%asion" i tor! "elieva"leK

J%di#ial Mana!e(en P&e&ial Confe&en#e

Fed $. sae #o%&s:o ed court %ore cae /300*!ear t(an in tate court /1+382= #or civil litigation

o State judge: pro"a"l! %ore i%patient5 longer dela!

T-)i#al S#'ed%lin! Plannin!"veryone Mana!es

o ule 29/# con#erence o# law!ero 21 da! "e#ore ule 19/" c(eduling con#erence

law!er (ave to %eet "e#ore t(e! get toget(er wit( judge

,gree on w(at t(e! will agree on and diagree on

o $aw!er F%eet > con#er5G eplore clai%5 ettle%ent5 dicover! plan /incl+

dicloureo Toint report to judge

o ule 29/a/1 dicloure

2M


28/76


Sera Hwang

o ,t or w*in 14 da! a#ter 29/# con#erence

o ule 19/" c(eduling con#erence

o &icover! > ot(er deadline5 incl+ additional con#erence

Tudge %a! a! t(at want #ollow8up con#erence jut %ig(t include

update con#erence in c(eduling

o &icover! /ule 29o Settle%ent con#erenceK

o a! not occur6 %a! "e co%"ined wit( ot(er con#erence

o ule 19/d F#inalG pretrial con#erence

o 7plore ettle%ent6 re#ine area o# dipute6 witne > e(i"it lit

o # going to trial5 want ever!t(ing ettled+ ,llow a%ended pleading /ule 19"K+

'r!ing to #igure out partie clai%o ,llow certain [ o# da! #or trial /and partie can o"ject: judge (a lot o# #le in

etting trial ti%eo a!"e S*T ule 39 at t(i point+

S#'ed%lin! lii!aion"

3urpose of 'ule 8? scheduling is to move things forward and e$pedite trials (efficiently andeffectively),

o If R%le 1G %&isdi#ion, 'en"

o J%d!e (%s"

Set ti%eta"le: c(edule order /to join ot(er partie5 a%end pleading5 #ile

%otion5 co%plete dicover!5!et eception i# %inor caeo J%d!e #an?"

or"id dicover! > #orce partie to ettle /denial o# due proce >

oppoite o# purpoe o# ule 19 %a!"e can appeal even t(oug( no #inal

judg%ent

Sande&s $. Union Pa#ifi# Rail&oad Co5 p+ 49Q67efore pretrial conference 3 lawyer was too irresponsible

o &uring #inal c(eduling %tg5 P law!er wa unprepared and #iled t(ing incorrectl!5 o

judge i%poed anction under ule 19#5 re#erring to ule -M5 wit( t(e aut(orit! #ro%ule 19"+ Cae wa di%ied wit( prejudice+

o # di%ial tood5 t(en P could ue (i*(er law!er #or legal %alpractice

o Yet ;t( circ aid t(at ditrict judge (ould (ave "een at #inal pretrial con#erence5 o

re%anded to a%e judge+o Ot(er penaltie: end to anot(er judge5 pa! cot o# net tage

J%di#ial Roles Pa&- Res)onsi*ili-

M#e- $. Fai&*ai&n5 p+ 4M26uring trial directed verdict for b%c lacked case and not included in pretrial final conference,

o P tronget t(eor! o# lia"ilit! wa (ouing code !et P want a"le to introduce evidence

on t(at t(eor! during trial "*c didnt include it in t(e pretrial #inal con#erence+ Ct a)ed i#P (ad ot(er legal t(eorie !et P aid no+ Partie reponi"le5 client u##er+

2Q


29/76


Sera Hwang

o Cant introduce new evidence in trial5 "*c itll urprie &5 and !our "ad under ule 11+

Tudge cant tr! cae #or !ou+ $ac) dicover!*ti%e to prepare+o R%le 1a: can onl! a%end "! ct per%iion or ot(er part! conent or a jutice

re?uire !et doent (ave to+

D&i$in! )&e&ial #onfe&en#e is (ana!e(en o&de&" di&e#in! &affi# di&e#ion of &ial.

T6E TRIER AND T6E TRIAL

judge t(en ell #inancial interet5 judge intdi?uali#ied+ V @0f2. Ye ONLY i# u"tantial judicial ti%e /I2 !earK

No 6-)o H1:Scalia too) trip wit( P C(ene! o (ould Scalia reclue (i%el#K

D R 433/a: i%partialit!D R 433/"/1: peronal "ia or prejudice concerning a part!

2;


30/76


Sera Hwang

o !et C(ene! i "eing ued in pro#eional capacit!5 not in peronal capacit!5 !et

a"out peronal viit+D Scalia decide w(et(er to reclue (i%el#

No 6-)o H4:irt ,%end c(allenge o# pledge o# allegiance #or c(ool c(ildren+

D Scalia %ade peec( uggeting t(at precedent guiding ;t( cir deciion a %iguided+D P %oved to (ave (i% re%oved /(uge dealV+ Scalia did re%ove (i%el#5 Fjutice (allreclue (i%el# G

J%d!e o& J%&-" Ri!' o a Ci$il J%&- T&ial

A(end(en II, U.S. Consi%ion

Fn Suit at #o((on la/5 w(ere t(e value in controver! (all e;#eed /en- dolla&s5 t(eri!' of &ial *- %&-(all "e )&ese&$ed5 and no fa# &ied *- a %&- s'all o'e&/ise *e&ee;a(inedin an! Court o# t(e Enited State5 t(an according to t(e rule o# t(e co%%onlaw+G

D 8P&ese&$ed9" )eep rig(t o# trial #ro% ti%e Contit wa created /1M;16 de#ine cope

o# rig(tD Ree;a(inaion Cla%se" li%it judicial overturning o# verdict /eg+ State ar%

tatute guaranteeing jur! trial+D So ,%end onl! applica"le to #ed ct !et tate (ave i%ilar proviion in t(eir Contit

8S%is a #o((on la/9"

D 'ec(nical5 (itorical %eaning /erie o# ituation > people interpret w(en trial i goodD Need to )now re%ed! in order to )now i# !ou can (ave a jur! trial+D Remedy matters b2c remedy tes you historicay whether these types of caims were

brought in common aw< as opposed to ony courts in equity (where you don6t get a

#ury) historica interpretation (since 3?@3 adoption of oR)

D &a%age < TEYVD njunction /peci#ic per#or%ance5 re#or%ation5 reciion < ct o# e?uit!5 NO TEYVD P&io&i- R%le: if want both ct of equity and ct of common aw remedies< then divide up

issue+ Tur! decide C*$ re%edie /da%age a%t and judge decide w(et(er to grant

injunction5 etc+o Bea#on T'ea&es $.


31/76


Sera Hwang

Iss%es no )&esen in 11:D How %ig(t peron t(in) t(at %atter i tria"le "! jur!K 7a! i# tatute tate re%ed!

or jur!*not+ Or analogize to old tatute /(itorical recontruction+

E;a()les:o P alle!es D 'as solen $al%a*le &in!.

o P want & to pa! #or it6 jur!K

Ye5 "*c da%age

o P want ring "ac)6 jur!K

Ye5 "*c replevin i re%ed! in ct o# co%%on law

D P alle!es D /&on!f%ll- o##%)ied Bla#+a#&e.o P want rent6 jur!K

Ye5 da%age+

o P want & o## land6 jur!K

Ye5 co%%on law writ o# eject%ent+

R%le >" J%&- T&ial of Ri!'

-Q": &e%and6 -Qd: aiver

De(and fo& %&- *-: /1 repond an!ti%e a#ter co%%ence%ent o# action and w*in 10

da! o# lat pleading /anK directed on uc( iue O /2 put in !our pleading /R%le d+o # P a%end co%plaint > add in re%ed! #or ct o# C*$ > can de%and jur! trial #or

#irt ti%e5 t(en a%ended pleading #or #irt ti%e trigger jur! trial+

TRIAL

ere pending a couple o# da! tal)ing a"out %otion t(at are rarel! granted during

proceeding t(at occur in onl! a"out 2. o# all #iled cae "ecaue:D outco%e at trial create t(e F(adow o# lawG in w(ic( ettle%ent negotiation occurD #elote$ aligned "urden at u%%ar! judg%ent wit( "urden on directed verdict

/weed out %an! cae "4 trialD one can t(in) a"out dicover! eni"l! onl! i# one undertand w(at evidence one

will (ave to produce to avoid u%%ar! judg%ent and at trialD it tell u (ow rational and (ow irrational trial outco%e can "e

B%&dens E;a(ined:Car accident+ aultK

Pleadin!s: R%le 14*G c(allenge w(et(er P (a %et "urden o# pleading /de%urrer

R%le 14#: %otion #or judg%ent on pleading6 R%le 14f: %otion to tri)e Fredundant5

i%%aterial5 i%pertinent5 or candalou %atter+Go ,n! part! can "ring 12c or 12# %otion+

P&e&ial: R%le G: u%%ar! judg%ent: a#ter dicover! co%plete !et a#ter trial "egin

-1


32/76


Sera Hwang

o ,lign "urden o# production in pretrial wit( "urden o# production during trial

/%otion #or S*T+o ,#ter Celote5 loo) to ee i# evidence during dicover! would ati#! "urden o#

production /i# we were in trialA T&ial:

&irected verdict a#ter trial "ut "e#ore jur! deli"eration > judg%ent not wit(tandingverdict /j+n+o+v+ a#ter jur! verdict

T/o Cases, T'&ee Ideas

!eading !roduction !ersuasion

&e%urrer612/"/9 or 12/c

Su%%ar!judg%ent/ule 39

till #ig(t a"out ever!t(ing

-4


35/76


Sera Hwang

P&e#eden: rule along di##erent cae5 i%ilar principle6 Res %di#aa" a%e cae5

di##erence in t(at it di##erent caeo No denial o# due proce "*c !oure alread! (eard in #irt cae

o No denial to appl! precedent to !our cae w(en !oure not (eard in cae t(at

tarted cae /tare decii5 "*c appl!ing law created #ro% #act o# ot(er cae+

&ue proce include onl! t(e rig(t to "e (eard5 !et !ou dont tart wit( a "lan)late /!et !ou can argue againt t(e precedent+

o R%le 11*4: Freveral o# eiting lawG

P&e#l%sion /re judicata/1 #lai( )&e#l%sion /re judicata > /2 iss%e

)&e#l%sion/collateral etoppel

R%le e:+ + + , part! %a! alo tate a %an! eparate clai% or de#ene a t(e part! (aregardle o# conitenc! and w(et(er "aed on legal5 e?uita"le5 or %ariti%eground+

6-)o #'an!e of R%le e:+ + + , part! %a! alo tate a %an! eparate clai% or de#ene a t(e part! (aregardle o# conitenc! and w(et(er "aed on legal5 e?uita"le5 or %ariti%eground5 and (all tate an! uc( clai% t(at arie out o# t(e a%e tranaction oroccurrence+

$aw o# precluion i co%%on law5 o would jut put C*$ into tatute

F&ie& $. Ci- of andalia5 p+ 3MM6 [1 tate action: want replevin !et judg%ent #or cit!

o &i%i "*cfaiure to state caim/procedural due proce5 i%ilar to uente

/tove5 !et reall! ee%ed to rule on #act a i# S*T [2 #ed ct: want punitive > co%penator! da%age /J200= under 42 ESC R 1;Q-+

o S&i+in! )&in#i)le: i# got rig(t reult5 "ut #or entirel! di##erent reaon5 t(en jut

loo)ing at reult and not reaoning #or lower ct /on appellate levelo ,pp Ct aid (ould (ave precluded !et &itCt a! Fnot tated clai%G5 "ut a%e

concluion5 o it o)a!+

Precluion: "ar people #ro% litigating clai% t(e!ve never actuall! litigated /"*c #ro% a%etranaction !et (ad opportunit! to raie clai% in #irt lawuit+

Clai( P&e#l%sionA))&oa#'es"

1+ T&ansa#ional: all clai% ariing out o# a%e tranaction or occurrence precluded #ro%re8litigation /"roadet tet ued

2+ Sa(e e$iden#e/llinoi-+ P&i(a&- &i!' /Cali#ornia: tet rlt(ip to juti#! "arring 2nd clai% /con#uing No in(erentl! FcorrectG approac(

_uetion to a):

-3


36/76


Sera Hwang

&id !ou an opportunityto "ring it up in #irt lawuitK /even i# %eritoriou clai% ouc(

, rlt(ip "tw original cae > clai% "roug(t i le i%ilar5 e##icienc! gained #ro%

co%"ining t(e% diappear /no u##icient rlt(ip "tw clai%+ &id it co%e #ro% a%e #actual out8o#8court pac)ageK /%a)e a%e*continuou tor!:

reation' cloene to rlt(ip to #irt clai%

P&efilin! in$esi!aion: t(oroug( and include all clai% w* #actual invetigation

R%s' $. Ci- of Ma)le 6ei!'s 0)&e#l%sion #ase2,p+ 346D Ct c(anged precluion law in O(io during cae+ airK /%otorc!cle cae o# %otorc!cle injur!peronal injurie

Clai( P&e#l%sion"

D , "road precluion rule will put )&ess%&e on plainti## to asse& all &elaed #lai(s5 "ecauet(e! will #ear precluion+

D P&in#i)les of fo&(e& ad%di#aion s%!!es li*e&al a(endin! of )leadin!:

D Ye "*c i# dont allow people to a%end pleading to add tranactionall! relatedclai%5 (ould "e li"eral in allowing a%end%ent o# pleadingV /eg+ c=e!v+ air"airn: &C (ouing5 precluded in 2nd lawuit

D Yet i# ct are ting! in granting a%end%ent5 t(en ugget precluion (ould "enarrow+

D (at i# judge t(in) cae too large to tr! e##icientl!KD Sever under R%le @4: %ig(t put preure on ever!t(ing in lawuit5 !et judge (a

opportunit! to ever into eparate trial+

Poli#- &es%ls:D ant e##icient trial o want all clai% toget(er+

D So create C$ precluion: i# !ou dont put tranactionall! related clai% in #irt lawuit/w(ere !ou (ave an opportunit! to "e (eard5 t(en !ou cant "ring it again

D Yet t(en t(at put preure on people to put ever! clai% t(e! (ave againt o%eone inpleading+

D S(ould allow li"eral a%end%ent or ele precluion would "e (ar( and un#air+D ,lo5 ct can deal wit( lot o# a%end%ent "! evering pleading i# un%anagea"le+ Or

ele5 it would actuall! "e detri%ental #or judge to (ave t(i+ /ule 42

Not againt due proce "*c (ad an opportunit! to "e (eard in cae

D &ont appl! clai% recluion to #a%il! %e%"er even i# (ad c(ance in 1t law uit to "ring

clai% /ecept artinoK

ule 1-a: Co%pulor! Counterclai%:, pleading (all tate a a counterclai% an! clai% w(ic( a 'e i(e of se&$in! 'e)leadin!t(e pleader (a againt an! oppoing part!5 i# it a&ises o% of 'e &ansa#iono& o##%&&en#e 'a is 'e s%*e# (ae& of 'e o))osin! )a&-Ws #lai( and doe notre?uire #or it adjudication t(e preence o# t(ird partie o# w(o% t(e court cannot ac?uire

-9


37/76


Sera Hwang

juridiction+ But t(e pleader need not tate t(e clai% i# /1 at t(e ti%e t(e action waco%%enced t(e clai% wa t(e u"ject o# anot(er pending action + + + +

Ma&ino $. M#Donalds5 p+ 3Q36D c&onald ued artino #or "reac( o# = and got conent judg%ent againt t(e%+ Yet now

uing #or anti8trut violationD No )leadin! 'e&e" F"rig(t8line ruleG #or w(en adjudication tart6o ule 1-a /#o()%lso&- #o%nelai(5 o prevented #ro% getting "arred "*c co%pulor!

counterclai% "*c no pleadingD Yet ince%d!(en 0line fo& )&e#l%sion5 "arred "! )&e#l%sion+

o ,ll clai% > de#ene are precluded5 i# de#ene would (ave prevented outco%e o# 1t

lawuit+ 2nd clai% attac) 1t clai% directl!+D Poli#-: Ender%ine ct and inconitent "tw a%e partie #or a%e iue+ Yet ct not o %uc(

concerned a"out di##erent #act5 etc+ "*c di##erentiating #actor uc( a ?ualit! o# preentation5argu%ent5 etc+ o not uc( a "ig deal a %uc( i# di##erent #ro% precedent+

Sele(en: no judg%ent5 !et pro"a"l! wouldnt "e a"le to "ring clai% "*c "reac( o# = o#ettle%ent /a##ir%ative de#eneD $aw!er (ave to t(in)5 do !ou (ave an! counterclai% during ettle%ent

Noe: ule 12"9 %ig(t "e een a judg%ent on %erit

T/o


38/76


Sera Hwang

D Open to argu%ent t(at precedent (ould"e over8ruled or ditingui(ed+

D Not open to reargu%ent in %ot cae+D (! i precluion Ftig(terG t(an

precedentK

Sea&le B&o'e&s $. Sea&le5 p+ 3Q;6

D Son teti#ied t(at #at(er (ad a (al#8interet partner(ip w* t(e% in #irt lawuit5 !et entirepropert! wa granted to t(e %ot(er /in divorce proceeding+D ere on repreented and opportunit! to "ring clai% in #irt lawuit /partner(ip

interetKD n #irt lawuit5 t(e! were arguing a"out #at(er (aving (al#8interet in partner(ip5 !et in

2nd lawuit5 tal)ing a"out t(eir own (al#8interet in partner(ip+ So not precluded+D Y7' dient argue t(at ince t(e "rot(er )new o# t(eir #at(er interet > t(eir

relation(ip to t(e propert! > teti#ied5 were (eard5 etc+D Purpoe o# collateral etoppel: protect part! #ro% "eing u"ject to a%e iue to

litigate %ore t(an once+D Poi"le oln: 78wi#e (ould ?uiet title5 tall divorce to get partner(ip reolved > get

new lawuit wit( "rot(er a partie5 "*c:D J%d!(en *inds all )a&ies in la/s%i

Richards v; efferson County5 p+ 3;-6D P1 ue Count! #or legalit! o# new ta+ P2 ue Count! #or a%e t(ing+ P1 lawuit againt

count! doent preclude P2 "*c P2 want repreented in #irt lawuit /not cla action+o Yet 1t lawuit et precedent #or 2nd lawuit+

D 'ranactional precluion per%ii"le "ecaue plainti## (a an opportunit! to "ring all clai%in #irt uit+

a!"e even deira"le to re?uire plainti## to pac)age related clai% e##icientl!+

D So it #air to preclude onl! i# t(e precluded part! (a (ad a #air opportunit! to litigate t(eclai%+ On rare occaion non8part! o cloel! control #irt action we treat (er a a part!+

T'e Pa' So Fa&" rier @artino) 7+g+5ariing #ro% a%e tranaction *occurrence

D But88eneral propoition i t(at eparate individual (ave eparate clai% even w(en t(e! doarie #ro% a%e t*o a prior litigation(Searle)*

7ception: joint owner(ip5 control o# prior litigation /Fprivit!5G FvirtualrepreentationG

&ue proce %ar) outer "oundarie o# precluion: cant "ar one w(o not (adopportunit! to litigate clai%+ /ivera*`ar%i principle

P&e#l%si$e effe#" /if based on meritsD 'rial > judg%entD &irected verdictD Su%%ar! judg%ent

No )&e#l%si$e effe#"

-Q


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Sera Hwang

D &i%ial on ule 12/"/1 or /2 %otion: no juridiction "*c not "aed on %erit /loo)ing at all #act > t(en decide cae

On w(at t(eor! (ould one decide w(et(er t(e judg%ent in t(ee cae preclude a econdlawuit involving t(e a%e clai%K air opportunit! to "e (eardK

R%le @1. Dis(issal of A#ions0*2 In$ol%na&- Dis(issal" Effe# T'e&eof.

or #ailure o# t(e plainti## + + + to co%pl! wit( t(ee rule or an! order o# court5 a de#endant %a!%ove #or di%ial+ + + + Unless 'e #o%& in is o&de& fo& dis(issal o'e&/ise s)e#ifies, adis(issal %nde& 'is s%*di$ision and an- dis(issal no )&o$ided fo& in 'is &%le, o'e& 'an

a 012 dismissa for ac: of #urisdiction, 042 fo& improper venue, o& 0>2 fo&faiure to #oin a party

under Rue 3@, o)e&aes as an ad%di#aion %)on 'e (e&is.

dicover! violation not w(at #ed ct would do5 even t(o

it in #ed ct+ ,ppCt decide t(at tate ct would not attac( precluive e##ect to judg%ent o dont a well+ =7Y PON'S: /1 #ed ct treat it a i# juridictional deciion /intead o# #ro% ground o#

dicover!5 /2 !et t(en P get awa! wit( dicover! co%pliance anctionV

# & answers #o()lain5 t(en trigger R%le 1>a /compusory countercaim $ precudesde#ene /co%pulor! counterclai% not %entioned+ 7ception: no juridictionV

Precluion i# #ailure to co%pl! wit( dicover! or ele anction wouldnt "e e##ective No precluion in juridiction iue 14*G dis(issal:

D


40/76


Sera Hwang

Sol?n: wit(drawing during de%urral procedure i# P5 or (ave & wit(drawde%urrer to ettle intead+

E&ie RR $. To()+ins: i# in #ed ct "*c diverit!5 t(en %ut ue tate law > tate co%%on lawSe(e+ In?l In#. $. Lo#+'eed Ma&in Co&).5 p+ 3;M6

&iverit! action in #ed ct in C, wa di%ied "*c So$ epired+ Yet P re#iled in ar!landtate ct+ BarredKo Bes< b2c fed ct with diversity #uris has same scope as if state ct rendered #udgment (oo:

to see how state ct where fed ct is woud appy precusion)

P%in! i all o!e'e&" 0argao Semte: 8eidatDE=

ederal diverit! action "roug(t in ditrict court in $o ,ngele+ Clai% > counterclai%+ @ #ile 140*20G2 %otion to di%i co%plaint6 granted+ A #ile R%le > %otion to (ave counterclai% di%ied #or @ #ailure to co%pl! wit(

dicover! order6 granted+D A re#ile a%ended co%plaint on a%e #act in C, court6 @ anwer5 aerting clai%

precluion /"*c R%le @1di%ial a a##ir%ative de#ene and #iling a%e counterclai%+ Bot( ide %ove #or u%%ar! judg%ent on t(e ground o# clai% precluion+D Clai% precluion #or & /14*G /de# in #ed ct5 !et (ave to appl! C, law "*c

diverit! jurid5 o ue =eidatz law5D But polic! reaon t(at R%le > anction "e precluive: up(olding anctionD Y7' were tal)ing a"out entire iue "eing precluded5 not jut clai%+ t(at

too %uc(K

Bla#+ lee& of iss%e )&e#l%sion

D Sa(e iss%e in *o' #asesD Ade5%ae in#eni$e and o))o&%ni- o lii!ae iss%e" di## #ro% clai% precluion5

w(ere !ou end up precluding clai% never litigatedVD A#%all- lii!aed and dee&(inedD Essenial o 'e %d!(en

Do /e 'a$e sa(e iss%e=

D a%e de#nKD di##erent legal tdKD /eg+ cri%inal and civil c(arge

/eception: !et i# (ig(er td in #irt lawuit > part! wit( larger "urden win5 t(eni# 2nd uit (a lower td5 t(en precluded

Cri% c(arge #irt /judg%ent #or P5 t(en civil c(argeprecluion+

T'e Iss%e of 8Iss%e9 in Iss%e P&e#l%sion

Propoition: an FiueG conit o#: t(e legal and #actual propoition /e+g+5 negligence5 "reac(5 t(e#t5 etc t(e procedural etting in w(ic( t(at propoition i decided /"urden o# proo#5

dicover!5 etc+

Illinois Cen&al %lf Rail&oad $. Pa&+s5 p+ 90-6

40


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Sera Hwang

D 'wo lawuit+D Fi&s la/s%i: Bert(a ued C #or (er injurie > t(en Teie ued #or lo o# conortiu% #or

Bert(a injurie+ Bert(a won > Teie lot+ < neglig5 !et uncertain (ow jur! #oundTeie didnt get lo o# conortiu% /eential to judg%ent or not litigated*deter%ined

D Se#ond la/s%i" Teie ued C+ a!5 iue precluion t(at T i contri"utor! neglig "ut

ince t(at not SO$7 reaon jur! could (ave NO' #ound #or T5 cant iue preclude+ BE'iue precluion o# #or neglig+D Sol?n" pecial verdict #or% /o )now reaon+ Tudge can rule %ore eplicitl! t(an jur!+


42/76


Sera Hwang

Ye"urdened part! can argue t(at part! could (ave joined a part! in #irt lawuit+ nPar)lane5 & (ad no opportunit! to join govt or ad%initrative proceeding+

Partial u%%ar! judg%ent i not #inal judg%ent+ '(ere#ore5 %ore incentive to ettle i# t(in)negative judg%ent+

Sae Fa&( Fi&e Cas%al- Co. $. Cen%&- 6o(e Co()onens5 p+ 9136 ultiple uit wit( inconitent verdict+ PrecluionK Cant preclude "*c inconitent reult o un#air to preclude & #ro% relitigating iue o#

lia"ilit!+

Sol$in! )&o*le( of in#onsisen $e&di#s )&e#l%sion:3robably encourage more settlement if more parties depending on one verdict-et might be aberration* that 2nd verdict can e$pose instead of putting eggs in same basketCt can prevent t(i beforehand: R%le @4. Consolidaion Se)a&ae T&ials

0a2 Consolidaion.(en action involving a co%%on ?uetion o# law or #act are pending "e#ore t(e court5 it%a! order aoin 'ea&in! o& &ial of an- o& all 'e (ae&s in iss%e in 'e a#ions i(a- o&de& all 'e a#ions #onsolidaed6 and it %a! %a)e uc( order concerningproceeding t(erein a %a! tend to avoid unnecear! cot or dela!+

,fter consoidation" R%le 1G. P&e&ial Confe&en#e

#2 S%*e#s fo& Conside&aion a P&e&ial Confe&en#es+,t an! con#erence under t(i rule conideration %a! "e given5 and t(e court %a! ta)eappropriate action5 wit( repect to + + + + /12 t(e need #or ado)in! s)e#ial )&o#ed%&esfo& (ana!in! )oeniall- diffi#%l or protracted action t(at %a! involve co%pleiue5 %ultiple partie5 di##icult legal ?uetion5 or unuual proo# pro"le%6

Closin! 'e Cile

F%ll Fai' and C&edi A#" tate cant ignore ot(er tate judg%ent /o people cant go toanot(er tate to run awa! #ro% judg%ent+ ive tate judg%ent nationwide validit!+ F%ll Fai' and C&edi, S%)&e(a#- Cla%se: Cont+ ,rt+ 5 2Q ESC 1M-Q6 #ed ct %ut

repect tate judg%ent+

FFC $. Reo)ened J%d!(ens

F%ll Fai' C&edi:D e?uire econd court to give a%e

e##ect to t(e judg%ent t(at renderingcourt would attac( to it6 correctneirrelevant+

D Cont+ ,rt+ 5 2Q ESC 1M-QD 7ception: N*, i# #ed ct didnt (ave

juridiction

Reo)ened %d!(en

D ,ction in rendering court aerting t(ato%e #unda%ental de#ect juti#ieetting judg%ent aide: not an appeal5can "e "roug(t onl! in court renderingjudg%ent

D ule 90

Reo)enin! J%d!(ens:R%le G:

42


43/76


Sera Hwang

ule 90/"W'X(e court %a! relieve a part! + + +#or + + +: /1 %ita)e5 inadvertence5 urprie5or ecua"le neglect6 /2 newl! dicovered evidence w(ic( "! due diligence could not(ave "een dicovered in ti%e to %ove #or a new trial under ule 3;/" 6 /- #raud + + + 5%irepreentation5 or ot(er %iconduct o# an advere part!6 /4 t(e judg%ent i void6 /3t(e judg%ent (a "een ati#ied5 releaed5 or dic(arged5 or a prior judg%ent upon w(ic(

it i "aed (a "een revered or ot(erwie vacated5 or it i no longer e?uita"le t(at t(ejudg%ent (ould (ave propective application6 or /9 an! ot(er reaon juti#!ing relie##ro% t(e operation o# t(e judg%ent+ '(e %otion (all "e %ade wit(in a reaona"le ti%e5and #or reaon /15 /25 and /- not %ore t(an one !ear a#ter t(e judg%ent + + + waentered or ta)en+

6-)os:[1: Bert(a v+ /N tate court5 Tudg%ent #or de#endant Suppoe Bert(a #ind:

procedural dueproce /uente5 precluion5 ull ait( > Credit Contitutional #eature contrain > ena"le litigation:

/1 D%e P&o#ess #la%se: a li%it on tate aut(orit! to (ear cae involving certain de#endant5/2 A&i#le III: a li%it on power o# #ederal court to (ear certain )ind o# cae

Penno-e& $. Neff5 p+ 9Q6 n #irt action5 Oregon can o"tain peronal juridiction over Ne## i#:

/1 attac(ed propert! at outet o# cae /"aed on au%ption t(at i# "aed on propert!5notice u##icient O

/2 peronall! erved wit( proce w*in "order o# tate /u%%on5 co%plaint "4lawuit "egin

Poli#-: un#air "*c & (ad no notice5 o judg%ent i invalid+ iolation o# u"tantive dueproce+

!ennoyer as do#&ine

Tudg%ent entered /i'o% %&isdi#ionno eniled o F%ll Fai' C&edi ,nd t(ere#ore s%*e# o #ollae&al aa#+

4-


44/76


Sera Hwang

# !ouve litigated ?uetion o# juridiction or appeared in ct5 precluded #ro% raiingjuridiction ?uetion+

D ,ertion o# juridiction can "e c(allenged directl! under &ue Proce claue No opportunit! to raie iue in #irt lawuit /or #ail to raie it o (ouldnt "e

precluded #ro% 2nd lawuit to c(allenge t(e clai%

!ennoyer as a %ni$e&sal )&o*le(

D 7ver! legal !te% recognize t(at it not co%petent to (andle ever! dipute in t(e worldD 3ennoyer de#ine (ow legal !te% de#ine w(ic( dipute it not going to (andle /li%it

on tate juridictional power

!ennoyerin P&a#i#e

D Turidiction i#+ + + + & erved wit( proce w(ile preent in tate Propert! in tate attac(ed "e#ore uit FStatuG adjudication o# a tate reident

alid tatute re?uired u"%iion to juridiction a a condition o# doing "uine in tate

To #'allen!e %&isdi#ion 0no )&o)e&l- se&$ed2:/1 ove to di%i in #irt court5 !et (ould re?uet to get appearance5 o !ou cant get

erved w(ile atte%pting to di%i clai%+/2 &e#ault on judg%ent5 it o)a! "*c !ou (ave no juridiction "*c judg%ent i not

en#orcea"le+ /wait until en#orce%ent action: eception to ull ait( > Credit claue+ # !ou appear in #irt lawuit at all: "etter raie juridictional iue or ele

waived*precluded

Poli#-" F%ll fai' and #&edi #la%se i%portant /"*c national econo%! !et potentiall! un#air "*c(olding people reponi"le #or judg%ent in ditant ct+ Penno!er prevent un#airne+

Need peronal juridiction #or protection under ull ait( and Credit claue+

J%&isdi#ional C'allen!e, P&e#l%sion, and u"tantive rig(t888 , litigant can raise issue and ose /even w(en court i wrong

D ,ppea< not coatera attac:i route to correct error , litigant can waive t(e rig(tby faiing to raise it at t(e correct ti%e

D So long a waiver rule are #air5 t(i i constitutionaD C#+ ule -Q: one can waive rig(t to jur! trial "! #ailing to raie it in a ti%el!

#a(ion

J%&isdi#ional C'allen!e


45/76


Sera Hwang

# peronal juridiction i a"out #airne a"out w(at #oru% !oure "eing ued in5!ouve (ad plent! o# notice "! t(en+

D H4. 140f2 (oion 0(oion o s&i+e2 'en 140*2042 (oion Not per%itted "*c %otion and de#ene waived i# !ou dont join all %otion and

add t(e% i# it per%itted /12g unle it preerved "! 12( /w(ic( i onl!

F#ailure to tate clai%G+

Option i# t(in) #oru% & i ued in lac) juridiction over &:1 ignore and de#ault: t(en c(allenge collaterall! i# atte%pt to en#orce2 pre8anwer %otion- anwer a a##ir%ative de#eneD Ta#i#s: loo) at trong cae "aed on %erit+ juridictional route "et wa! to goK

7peneKD ,lwa! %a)e pre8anwer %otion+ (at do !ou (ave to loeKD Ct deciding 12"2 /jurid %otion+ # !ou repond: ct w(ere co%plaint wa

%ade6 i# !ou de#ault: !our (o%e tur#+ &i##erence "tw two ct !te%K

P'-si#al)&esen#e %&isdi#ional es:D # tric)ed or )idnapped and "roug(t to tate5 lac) juridiction "*c t(at wrong+D How a"out in plane over tateK /c(allenge to preence jurid tet

Yet (ow a"out incorporal apect: corporation5 etc+

Ine&naional S'oe Co. $. u"tantial jutice /liding cale5 cae8"!8cae "aiD Iss%es in dee&(inin! %&isdi#ionf&o(Shoe: /1 nature o# contact in tate5 /2

connection o# contact wit( clai%5 /- Fu"tantial #airneG

S)e#ifi# %&isdi#ion: i# contact created clai%5 t(en u##icient #air > jut to (ave juridictionD J%&isd: car accident in Y > victi% ue5 & (a jurid in YD No %&isd: #or%er e%plo!ee #ro% O %ove to Y and ue #or dipute #ro% old jo"

w(ile in O /e%plo!er (a no contact in Y t(at related to clai%5 contact didnt giverie to t(e clai%+ /%oving to Y

o Turidiction i# e%plo!ee ued in O "*c de#endant (a u"tantial contact in

O+ Ct doent need to (ave juridiction over P5 onl! &+ /%&isd iss%e onl- fo&D

43


46/76


Sera Hwang

NOTE: Plainti## get to pic) #oru% in #irt place5 o & can ?uetion

#oru%*juridiction w(ile tupid #or plainti## to5 "*c P "roug(t clai% in t(atcourt+

o # e%plo!er incorporated in &75 t(en P (a jurid in &7 even i# clai% doent

arie #ro% an!t(ing t(at (appened in &7+

Eas- J%&isdi#ional Cases

D Ender Shoe al%ot never a! Fnever5G "ut o%eti%e a! Falwa!+GAl/a-s s%e in 'ese #ases:D Indi$id%als: tate o# do%icileD Co&)o&aions

State o# incorporation State o# principal place o# "uine

6a&de& #ases

D ,ccidentall! go to tate: did !ou purpoel! avail !ourel# to tateKD S(oe driver on wa! t(roug( ontana to ,+ Blizzard "low truc) acro "order into

P car+ TuridictionKD ndependent truc)er5 "aed in O(io5 on regular run #ro% O to ,5 collide in Y wit(

, tourit5 w(o ue in ,+ Turidiction in ,K

6a&&is $. Bal+: e$tending in rem !urisdictionD Ba#+)a#+ 'eo&- of )e&sonal %&isdi#ion: attac(%ent o# intangi"le a "ai #or

juridictionD # , let B "orrow J205 t(en i# P want to ue ,5 t(en t(e J20 /w(ic( B owe ,

can "e attac(ed > u"ject to juridiction /an!w(ere B i+ t i%ilar to attac(ingpropert! and uing in w(erever B i5 !et it wit( intangi"le good+

S'affe& $. 6eine&5 p+ ;06D S(are(older \\ "reac( o# #iduciar! dut! /per%itted co%pan! to violate anti8trut law\\\ &irector o# re!(ound

D Turid oug(t in &7 "*c attac(ing (are to co%pan! /applica"le to 21*2; director "*c&7 (a law: no %atter w(ere toc) "oug(t5 treat toc) a i# it in &7 /aut(orized "!Penno!er #or ?uai8in re% attac(%entK

D So P attac(e toc) o# 21 out o# 2; director #or juridicitionD Turidiction c(allenged: violation o# due proce "*c no notice > opp! #or (earing

/uente5 regardle o# notice*(earing: un#air under Shoeto aert jurid (ereD Ct a! no juridiction /attac(%ent o# ?uai8in re% ppt! under3ennoyer "*c ue onl! 21

out o# 2; director5 > wit( #iduciar! dut!5 (ave to ue all director+

D &7 new law: conent to juridiction o# &7 w(en "eco%ing director o# &7 corporation

6-)o"

s inherited land in =daho from distance relative but never been there before 5 lives in #,[1: Neig("or c(ildren (urt "*c attractive nuiance on propert!+ TuridK

da(o jurid "*c clai% a"out propert! /ariing #ro% propert!+[2: Car accident in $,+ ,#ter Shaffer5 juridiction "*c attac( propert!K

49


47/76


Sera Hwang

No5 "*c propert! i unrelated to clai%+ Yet can ue propert! to en#orce judg%entelew(ere /ull ait( and Credit ,ct+

[-: Yet i# !ou owned Q0. o# non8govern%ental land in da(o5 t(en %ig(t (ave u"tantialcontact u##icient #or juridiction+

Fa#o&s 'a (a+e %) #ona#s: activit!5 "uine5 owner(ip o# propert!

No fa#o&s in dee&(inin! %&isd: /#or non8cutodial parent5 preence o# onec(ildren i not contact /"*c dicourage parent viiting t(eir c(ildren

!ennoyer: peronal ervice i enoug("nternationa Shoe $ Shaffer: no jurid i# no clai% to = in tateShaffer )oli#- #'an!es:/1 ai%ilate in re% juridiction to nternational S(oe re?%ent /u"tantial jurid5 #olding inin re% jurid/2 State t(at individual and corporation treated i%ilarl!+

6-)o:

[1: & #ail to pa! (otel "ill in O5 doe (otel (ave juridKYe5 "*c clai% ariing out o# li%ited = in O[2: 'eac(er > & in car accident in C,+ Can !ou get erviced proce in O /w(en !oure t(ere

Not "aed on cae !et "*c t(in =+ ,#ter Shaffer5 no jurid !et7urnham %ig(t c(anget(ing+

Bene#it o# &7 law: eaier #or corporation to inure director #or "reac( o# #iduciar! dut!/inura"le clai% in &7

Aanson: %a!"e & purpoel! availed t(e%elve to &7 law /=nternational ShoeNO


48/76


Sera Hwang

anu#acturing > ditri"ution: wide5 ,a(i ranc(iing: Burger =ing arital $itigation: Bur(a% nternet contact: Pavlovic(

D (at would "e t(e %allet c(ange in #act t(at would lead to a di##erent reultK

Do#&ine:D How doe t(i cae c(ange doctrinal tructureK ,re an! wrongl! decidedK

D gnoring doctrine5 can one tell a tor! a"out t(e #act pattern t(at eplain reultKCo%nselin! S&ae!-"

D (! did t(e! do itK (at were partie ee)ing #ro% juridictional litigationK (! did t(e! "ot(erK How %uc( did it %atterK

D (at will winner win5 loer loe a a reult o# deciionKD Could t(e! (ave done it di##erentl!:

,#ter litigation tarted: could t(e loer (ave avoided t(e loK

Be#ore litigation: (ic( allow couneling o# clientK

I()o&an#e of %&isdi#ion: regional variation in verdict5 erratic jur! verdict /%ore local


49/76


Sera Hwang

If (ode&n )e&sonal %&isdi#ion is a*o% fa#s #on#e&nin! #ona#s. . . .

(at (appen w(en @ c(allengeK A t(en (a "urden o# (owing t(at t(ere i juridiction+ n doing o5 A can %a)e ue o# evidence eail! availa"lep(one "oo)5 ad+

But w(at i# A need %oreKD &icover!6 tric)! "*c lac) ti%e /o%eti%e juri ?uetioned in pre8anwer%otion5 o (ave to a) per%iion #or dicover! li%ited to juridictional?uetion

B%&!e& in! Co&). $. R%dze/i#z5 p+ 11-6D B= #ranc(ier / iue wit( B=+ B= ued in $ ct+ B= (a = t(at a!5 %ut ue $ law

/!et no #oru% election claue+D FL 'as %&isd *#: 208!ear rlt(ip wit( continuing = and P )new (e wa dealing wit( $

(d?tr "4 igning =D S(alles fa#%al #'an!e (i!' lead o diffe&en &es%l: get rid o# $ law in =5 (orter =

rlt(ip5 ignorant t(at $ i corporate (d?tr > onl! dealing wit( ic(igan o##iceD Asa'i: no juri even i# %in contact6 B%&!e& in!: jurid even i# no %ini% contact /#actt(at i "uine%an ta)en into acct

Pa$lo$i#' $. S%)e&io& Co%&5 p+ 11Q6 &ood wit( internet progra% t(at %ee wit( && and cop!rig(t rig(t o# o%et(ing+ &id

co%puter gee) )now co%pan! w(o owned cop!rig(t wa located in C,5 o t(en (e would "eunder C, jurid+ No C, jurid "*c (e didnt )now a"out it+

S(alles fa#%al #'an!e leadin! o a diffe&en &es%l: P %a)ing J o## it /elling it5 i# ellto ever!one ecept C, /(ow )nowledge o# C, "eing w(ere co%pan! i5 tal) a"out %oviereviewK /pro"a"l! not "*c )now %ovie indutr! in C,5 "ut uu (ave to )now t(at peron!oure doing "iz wit( or ai%ing co%%ent to i in C,+

Bad la/-e&in! *#: #ailed to #igure out w(at t(e! needed to de%ontrate /& )nowledge o#w(ere (e li)el! to in#lict %ot (ar%o Failed o (a+e fa#%al s'o/in! of: P )new t(at co%pan! wa in C, w(o (ad cop!rig(t+

Soln: /1 ar"itration claue or #oru% election claue /in Burger =ing5 ,a(i: %a!"e cant "*cproduct lia"ilit!


50/76


Sera Hwang

a!"e reopen "*c t(i i part! to cae l!ing !et would alo (ave to prove t(at Pavlovic()new %ot injur! would "e #elt in C,

F #SS sues 3avlovich in &e$as (where he now lives) seeking in!unction,D Pavlovic( anwer5 aerting lac) o# peronal juridiction a one o# de#ene+

He argue t(at t(e clai% aroe in $5 (ar% in C,5 t(at 'L t(ere#ore (a not(ing to dowit( t(e uit+ A "etand winningrepone to t(i argu%ent i peronal juridiction

T'e S&%#%&e of Pe&sonal J%&isdi#ion

D Shoe create liding cale $ig(t contact upport juridiction onl! over clai% related to t(oe contact

/Fpeci#ic juridictionG Heav! contact upport juridiction over unrelated clai% /Fgeneral juridictionG

D or individual: per%anent reidenceD or corporation: principal place o# "uine5 tate o# incorporation

D Su"tantial contact in tate

Mi#&osof in CA

D icroo#t incorporated5 principal place o# "uine in ,+ Suppoe Carla5 #or%er eec5?uit a#ter peritent #ailure to pro%ote (er+ Carla %ove to C,5 w(ere (e #ile anaction in #ederal ditrict court in $+,+5 alleging dicri%ination on t(e "ai o# gender+icroo#t #ile preanwer 12/"/2 %otion+

ue:D doe S (ave enoug( contact in C, #or general juridK Not peci#ic

juridictioin "*c clai% didnt arie out o# "iz o# S in C, (at cae relevant: Coatal video cae ,n! additional in#or%ation needed:

D Buine S doe t(ere /.age5 advertie%ent5 w(at "ig enoug(K /J or.age

civ pro yeazell sp 2004 2

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