civ pro yeazell sp 2004 3

8/10/2019 Civ Pro Yeazell SP 2004 3

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THIS OUTLINE IS THE INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OF ANJULI MCREYNOLDS,

mcreynolds2!"l#$ne%&'cl#&ed'& PLEASE AS( ME )EFORE SHARIN* IT&

HA+E FUN

Ye#ell C-. Pro O'%l-ne/No%es S'mm#ry 0S1r-n 234

I. Incentives to Litigate

A. Demography and Economy

/mos% l#$s'-%s #5o'% %r#66-c7ord-n#nce .-ol#%-ons

/c-.-l c#ses #re 389 o6 non/%r#66-c c#ses, sl-:%ly more %:#n cr-m-n#l; c-.-l l-%-#%-on r#%es #re

1os-%-.ely correl#%ed %o 1o1'l#%-on #nd econom-c #c%-.-%y

/o6 c-.-l c#ses,

/o6 %or%s c#ses, mos% #re rel#%ed %o #'%o/#cc-den%s, #nd %or%s #re more l-=ely %o o %o %r-#l $7 # >'ry

0con%r#c% c#ses se%%le, or dec-ded 5y >'de more o6%en4

/-n %or%s, Ds $-n sl-:%ly more o6%en; -n con%r#c%s Ps $-n more

/med-#n %or%s .erd-c%? @8(; med-#n 6or con%r#c%s -s @(

/#lmos% #ll c-.-l l-%-#%-on %#=es 1l#ce -n s%#%e co'r%s 0so s%#%e co'r%s #re 5's-er, mo.e 6#s%er4

/co'r%s dec-de 0%:ro': some =-nd o6 >'dmen% or r'l-n4 #5o'% @9 o6 c-.-l c#ses -n 6eder#l

co'r%s& No% cle#r #5o'% s%#%e co'r%s&

/#5o'% @9 o6 c#ses %o o %r-#l 09 5e6ore >'ry4; >'ry %r-#ls #re more eB1ens-.e #nd %#=e # l-%%le

loner %:#n 5enc: %r-#ls 0ener#lly4

/mos% c#ses end $-%: se%%lemen% or #5#ndonmen%

/mos% common %y1e o6 con%r#c%s c#se -s 'n1#-d de5%

B. Litigation Dynamics

1. Importance of Damages

/6or com1ens#%ory d#m#es co'r%s $-ll 5e concerned #5o'% %:e-r #5-l-%y %o '#n%-6y -6 %:ere -s nom#r=e% 6or %:e :#rm, -6 %:e P d-dn% :#.e #ccess %o %:#% m#r=e%, #nd $7 e66or%s %o -nd-.-d'#l-e

d#m#es 0#re s%#%'%ory sc:emes # 5e%%er #11ro#c:4/l-'-d#%ed d#m#es -n con%r#c%s/c#n% #ree %o %:em 'nless %:e #c%'#l d#m#es $o'ld 5e d-66-c'l%

%o c#lc'l#%e

/m-n-m'm d#m#e 1ro.-s-ons/o66se% cos%s o6 l-%-#%-on -n #re#s $:ere #$#rds $-ll 5e lo$,

enco'r#e Ps %o 5r-n s'-% %o en6orce %:e r'le

/1'n-%-.e d#m#es 's'#lly re'-re $-ll6'l or m#l-c-o's cond'c%& T:e d'e 1rocess cl#'se 1l#ces

some o'%er l-m-%s on 1'n-%-.e d#m#es

2. State Farm

a) FactsSF re6'sed %o se%%le Ds cl#-m, D o% #d.erse >'dmen%& D s'ed 6or 5#d 6#-%: 6#-l're %o se%%le,

5ro':% e.-dence o6 o%:er 5#d SF 5e:#.-or -n o%:er s%#%es7#re#s #nd $on& 8M com1ens#%ory

d#m#es, 83


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b) Rules and Reasoning

/%:ree '-de1os%s 6or co'r%s re.-e$-n 1'n-%-.e d#m#es? 84 deree o6 re1re:ens-5-l-%y o6 Ds

cond'c%; 24 d-s1#r-%y 5%$ #c%'#l :#rm #nd 1'n-%-.e #$#rd; @4 d-66erence 5%$ 1'n-%-.e #$#rd #nd

c-.-l 1en#l%-es 6or com1#r#5le c#ses&

/1'n-%-.e d#m#es :ere .-ol#%e d'e 1rocess

/#lso c#n% #llo$ e.-dence o6 5e:#.-or -n 'nrel#%ed #re#s7o%:er s%#%es 6or 1'n-%-.e d#m#es& M's%

5e rel#%ed %o Ds :#rm&

/6e$ 1'n-%-.e d#m#e #$#rds eBceed-n # s-nle d--% r#%-o o6 1'n-%-.e %o com1ens#%ory $-ll

s#%-s6y d'e 1rocess& M#y 5e more -6 .ery ere-o's cond'c%, less -6 com1ens#%ory d#m#es #re.ery s'5s%#n%-#l&

/$e#l%: o6 D c#n% >'s%-6y o%:er$-se 'ncons%-%'%-on#l d#m#es #$#rd

c) Issues

/-m1l-c#%-ons 6or l-%-#%-on/l#$yers m-:% 5e less l-=ely %o %#=e 1'n-%-.e d#m#e c#ses $:ere

com1ens#%or-es #re lo$; 5'% %:ey m-:% -n.es% more -n 1ro.-n com1ens#%ory d#m#es

/c#n $e#l%: 5e cons-dered No% cle#r

/Co'r% re>ec%ed %:e #r'men% %:#% %:e %: A l-m-%s 1'n-%-.e d#m#es; 5'% 1'n-%-.e d#m#es #re

l-m-%ed 5y d'e 1rocess

C. Remedies

1. Types

/s'5s%-%'%-on#ry/d#m#es 0mos% common4, cons%r'c%-.e %r's% 0%re#% %:e D #s -6 yo' :#d 'nder%#=en

%o 5e %:e Ps %r's%ee, so D :#s %o %'rn o.er #ll %:e -ncre#sed .#l'e D o% 6or 5e%r#y-n Ps %r's%4

/s1ec-6-c/%:e co'r% orders # 1#r%y %o do7no% do some%:-n; re1le.-n, e>ec%men%, -n>'nc%-on,

re6orm#%-on 0order 5y co'r% %o #l%er # con%r#c% %o con6orm %o %:e #c%'#l -n%en% o6 %:e 1#r%-es4,

m#nd#m's 0order-n #n o66-cer %o do :-s d'%y4, :#5e#s cor1's 01resen% %:e 5ody or eB1l#-n

#'%:or-%y 6or :old-n %:em4

/le#l/#.#-l#5le -n common l#$ co'r%s; d#m#es, e>ec%men%, re1le.-n, m#nd#m's, :#5e#s cor1's

/e'-%#5le/me#n% %:e Co'r% o6 C:#ncery co'ld -ss'e %:em; -n>'nc%-on, resc-ss-on, re6orm#%-on,'-e% %-%le, cons%r'c%-.e %r's%, cle#n/'1 d#m#es 0-nc-den%#l d#m#es %o -n>'nc%-on4

/decl#r#%ory rel-e6/%:e co'r% -s #s=ed %o -.e # decl#r#%-on #s %o 1#r%-es r-:%s; l-m-%ed -n 6eder#lco'r%s 57c :y1o%:e%-c#l 'es%-ons c#n% 5e #ns$ered, %:ere m's% 5e #c%'#l con%ro.ersy

2. Sigma v. Harris

a) Facts

D s-ned non/com1e%-%-on #reemen% $7 P& T:en $en% %o $or= $7 com1e%-%or, 'sed com1#nysecre%s& P $#n%s -n>'nc%-on&


T:e co'r% 5#l#nces %:e -n%eres%s o6 5o%: 1#r%-es; %:e le#l remedy m's% 5e -n#de'#%e& S-m#$o'ld :#.e re#%er :#rds:-1 -6 -n>'nc%-on no% r#n%ed&

c) Issues

/ener#lly, r'le 6or s1ec-6-c remed-es -s %:#% 1l#-n%-66 $:o 1re.#-ls on %:e mer-%s c#n e% e'-%#5le

remedy only -6 s:e s:o$s re#%er 5#l#nce o6 :#rds:-1 #nd -n#de'#cy o6 %:e le#l remedy 05'%

-n#de'#cy re -s more l-m-%ed %od#y4

/-n>'nc%-on -s l-=e # %#-lor/m#de cr-m-n#l s%#%'%e, so co'r%s o6%en c#re6'l #5o'% 's-n %:em


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/remem5er, P :ere 1ro5#5ly c#n% en6orce %:e -n>'nc%-on %o s%o1 H#rr-s 6rom 's-n com1#ny

secre%s, so %:-n= 1r#c%-c#l o'%comes %oo

/c#ses -n e'-%y :-s%or-c#lly dec-ded 5y >'de, no% >'ry

D. Financing Lawsuits

1. Costs

/d-s1'%es o.er 6#c% more eB1ens-.e %:#n l#$ 57c o'r sys%em re'-res 1#r%-es %o dr-.e l-%-#%-on,

d-sco.er7-n.es%-#%e 6#c%s %:emsel.es; re'-res loner %r-#l 0>'ry4

/d-rec% eB1enses/le#l 6ees, d-sco.ery 0co'r% re1or%er, doc'men% 1rod'c%-on4; eB1er% $-%nesses;

-n.es%-#%ors; 6-l-n 6ees; 1rocess ser.ers; %r#ns1or%#%-on cos%s, 1:o%oco1y/-nd-rec%/loss o6 1#r%y #nd $-%ness %-me76oc's

2. Payment Methods

8/e#c: 1#r%y 1#ys 6or o$n l#$yer 0Amer-c#n R'le4/common 6or mos% commerc-#l l-%-#%-on; less

need 6or le#l -ns'r#nce 57c mos% co.ered 5y #'%o -ns'r#nce 0mos% common l#$s'-%4; :o'rly r#%e

2/e#c: 1#r%y, s:#r-n cos%s $7 s-m-l#rly s-%'#%ed 1#r%-es %:ro': -ns'r#nce or con%-nen% 6ees

0remem5er, c#n e% %:-s only $7 d#m#es, no% s1ec-6-c remedy4@/1re.#-l-n 1#r%y e%s l#$yer 6ees 6rom o%:er s-de 0Enl-s: R'le4/m#l-c-o's 1rosec'%-on #%

common l#$; %od#y ener#lly -m1osed 5y s%#%'%e 6or some 1'5l-c -n%eres% cl#-ms, eB? c-.-l

r-:%s7d-scr-m-n#%-on

3/1:-l#n%:ro1y or 1'5l-c s'5s-dy/le#l #-d, 1ro 5ono, ood 6or 1eo1le $#n%-n s1ec-6-c remedy;

%$o 5-es% c#%eor-es 6or le#l #-d? d-.orce #nd e.-c%-on de6ense

/%y1es o6 cl#-ms %:#% 6#ll %:ro':? sm#ll d#m#e cl#-ms 0cl#ss #c%-ons # 1oss-5le sol'%-on4; non/

mon-%ory rel-e6 -n non/6ee/s:-6%-n c#ses; 'n-ns'red de6end#n%s 0%en#n%s -n 1ossess-on4

. !vans v. "eff D

a) Facts

Ps see=-n -n>'nc%-.e rel-e6 6or -ns%-%'%-on#l-ed c:-ldren& Ds o66ered se%%lemen% o6 e.ery%:-n Ps#s=ed, 5'% #s=ed 6or $#-.er o6 #%%orney 6ees 06ee/s:-6%-n s%#%'%e $o'ld :#.e co.ered4& T:e co'r%

m's% #11ro.e #ll cl#ss #c%-on se%%lemen%s 0R'le 2@e4; m's% %:ey re>ec% -%


Co'r% s#ys no e%:-c#l d-lemm# -n.ol.ed 57c Ps o% $:#% %:ey $#n%ed& )'% $:#% #5o'% %:e l#$yers

o%:er le#l #-d cl-en%s Is %:-s #n e%:-c#l d-lemm#

c) Issues

/-6 l#$yers don% e% 1#-d, %:e -ncen%-.es %o l-%-#%e $-ll c:#ne #nd some 1eo1le m#y or m#y no%

:#.e #ccess %o %:e le#l sys%em/some l#$yers :#.e cl-en%s s-n #reemen% no% %o se%%le $7o #%%orneys 6ees//$ron

#. $%c&hannon

a) Facts

Ps s'ed s%#%e 6or sel6/1reser.#%-on 06-re s#6e%y4 l#$& S#y l#$ .-ol#%es FHAA #nd ADA& D re1e#led

%:e l#$s, so %:e s'-% -s moo%& P s#ys %:ey #re 1re.#-l-n 1#r%y, s:o'ld e% le#l 6ees&


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)UT %:ere m's% 5e # >'dmen% or co'r%/ordered consen% decree 6or #%%orney %o e% 6ee/s:-6%& Co'r%

s#ys %:ere $#s no 1re.#-l-n 1#r%y :ere&

c) Issues

/$:#% c#n l#$yers do Pre.en% moo%ness 5y #s=-n 6or d#m#es 05y -ncre#s-n l#5or cos%s %o6ollo$ l#$ 6or eB#m1le4; 5'% %:ere #re e%:-c#l concerns 0l#$yer s:o'ldn% 6oc's on 1#ymen%4

/'s'#lly 1re.#-l-n 1#r%y only #11l-es %o 1l#-n%-66s 0D c#n% e% 6ees4

E. Preliminary Remedies

/co'r%s c#n r#n% some remed-es #% %:e 5e-nn-n o6 %:e %r-#l 1rocess, -ns%e#d o6 $#-%-n %-ll end/concerns? -n#de'#%e -n6orm#%-on, den-#l o6 d'e 1rocess

1. 'i((iam Ing(is v. ITT

a) Facts

P $#n%s 1rel-m -n>'nc %o s%o1 Ds 6rom 'nder/1r-c-n 5re#d&


/d-s%r-c% co'r% %es%? -rre1#r#5le -n>'ry -6 -n>'nc%-.e rel-e6 no% r#n%ed; 1l#-n%-66 $-ll 1ro5#5ly 1re.#-lon mer-%s; de6end#n% $on% 5e :#rmed more %:#n P :el1ed; -n %:e 1'5l-c -n%eres%

/co'r% -.es #l%ern#%-.e %es%? mo.-n 1#r%y m's% s:o$ # e-%:er # com5-n#%-on o6 1ro5#5le s'ccess

#nd %:e 1oss-5-l-%y o6 -rre1#r#5le -n>'ry, OR %:#% ser-o's 'es%-ons #re r#-sed #nd %:e 5#l#nce o6

:#rds:-1s %-1s s:#r1ly -n :-s 6#.or

c) Issues

/s:o$s concern o6 5#l#nc-n -n%eres%s $:en 's-n e remedy

/o6%en # dec-s-on #5o'% 1rel-m -n>'nc $-ll end %:e c#se

/R'le !


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c) Issues

/%:-s does no% re'-re # :e#r-n; >'s% # c:#nce 6or one

/%em1or#ry res%r#-n-n orders/some%-mes -ss'ed $7o no%-ce or # :e#r-n 0R'le !'dmen% %:e 1le#der see=s

/con%r#s% old s%yle o6 1le#d-n/.ery 6orm#l-s%-c, concerned $7 e%%-n D %o #11e#r #nd 6-%%-n %:e

cl#-m -n%o s1ec-6-c $r-%s #nd #c%-ons

/s%-ll some remn#n%s o6 6orm#l 1le#d-n, s'c: #s s%#%-n c#'se o6 #c%-on -n s1ec-6-c s'5s%#n%-.e l#$

c#%eory; 5'% m's% #lso s=e%c: # 6#c%'#l scen#r-o %:#% 6#lls $7-n %:#% 5ody o6 l#$ 0c#n% 5e %oo

s1ec-6-c or %oo concl'sory4

. Types

a) Dilatory pleadings

/%:ese 1le#d-ns do no% de#l $7 6#c%s or l#$, do no% resol.e %:e mer-%s o6 %:e c#se 06o'nd %od#y -n

R'le 8254

/>'r-sd-c%-on/1le#s -n s's1ens-on 0c:#llenes Ps r-:% %o 5r-n #c%-on 'n%-l some 1ro5lem resol.ed4

/1le#s -n #5#%emen% 0.#r-o's o%:er de6ec%s -n com1l#-n%, m's% 5e 6-Bed 6-rs%4

b) Preemptory pleadings

/res%-n on e-%:er 6#c%s or l#$ %o d-sm-ss on %:e mer-%s

/dem'rrer/concedes %r'%: 5'% c:#llenes le#l s'66-c-ency 0820540!4/yo' >'s% :#.e %o #ss'me 6#c%s

6or s#=e o6 #r'men%s4

/%r#.erse/le#lly s'66-c-en% 5'% 6#c%s no% %r'e 0den-#l4

/con6ess-on #nd #.o-d#nce/concedes 6#c%s #nd l#$, 5'% -n%rod'ces ne$ 6#c%s 0#66-rm#%-.e de6ense4

c) Modern Pleadings

/825! 0re#lly # 1re#ns$er mo%-on4, den-#l, #66-rm#%-.e de6ense 0R'les #nd 824


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B. Moement !hrough Courts

1. Hadd(e v. +arrison Comp(aint

/cl#-ms %:#% D cons1-red %o 6-re :-m -n .-ol#%-on o6 s%#%'%e

/1ro5lem D s#ys no d#m#es $ere s%#%ed 57c %:e s%#%'%e re'-res :#rm %o 1erson or 1ro1er%y&

S-nce P $#s #%/$-ll, no 1ro1er%y -n%eres%&/%:ey r#-se %:-s #r'men% -n 825! mo%-on %o d-sm-ss

/dem'rrer re'-res co'r% %o #ss'me Ps 6#c%s #re %r'e, e.#l'#%e %:e le#l cl#-m&

2. Hadd(e v. +arrison

a) Facts

D-s%r-c% co'r% r#n%s mo%-on, #11e#ls #66-rms& SC r#n%s cer%& Re'-res 3 >'s%-ces %o #11ro.e&


Co'r% s#ys #%/$-ll em1loyees :#.e 1ro1er%y -n%eres%&

c) Issues/remem5er %:e 825! #ss'mes #ll %:e Ps 6#c%s #re %r'e; %:-s :#11ens 5e6ore %:e D m#=es #n #ns$er

/5'% # 825! mo%-on m's% 5e dec-ded on %:e 1le#d-ns #lone; no o%:er e.-dence c#n 5e s'5m-%%ed0%:#% $o'ld :#.e %o 5e # mo%-on 6or s'mm#ry >'dmen%4

/GR'le e/#llo$s 1#r%-es %o m#=e #l%ern#%-.e or :y1o%:e%-c#l s%#%emen%s %:#% m#y 5e -ncons-s%en%;

57c 1le#d-n re'-res l#$yers %o m#=e #lle#%-ons 53 5e-n cer%#-n o6 6#c%s7l#$

C. Rule ""

1. $ac&gro%nd of La,s governing La,yers

/mos% 5ro#d? ener#l l#$s

/l#$s #11ly-n %o 1ro6ess-on#ls 0m#l1r#c%-ce4

/l#$s #11ly-n %o l#$yers #s l#$yers 0e%:-c#l s%#nd#rds -m1osed 5y s%#%e 5#rs, #ssoc-#%-ons4

/l#$yers -n 1#r%-c'l#r 6-elds :#.e s1ec-#l cons%r#-n%s #11l-c#5le %o %:e-r $or= -n %:ose 6-elds

/R'le 88 #11l-es %o c-.-l l-%-#%ors -n 1#r%-c'l#r s-%'#%-ons; -m1osed 5y co'r%s, 5'% s'5s%#n%-.ely

5#sed on o%:er l#$s o.ern-n l#$yers

2. -eading the -%(e

/1'r1ose? sol.-n some 1ro5lems cre#%ed 5y %:e #d.ers#r-#l sys%em, e%%-n r-d o6 -ncen%-.es %o

#c% -n 5#d 6#-%:; de%er 'n>'s%-6-ed l-%-#%-on 1os-%-ons

/sco1e? 1le#d-ns, mo%-ons, 1#1ers, re1resen%#%-ons %o co'r% 0s-n-n, 6-l-n, s'5m-%%-n, l#%er

#d.oc#%-n 1#1ers4 #nd de6enses; re'-res s-n-n o6 %:e doc'men%& So -6 l#$yer or 1#r%y d-dn%

s-n -%, -% doesn% .-ol#%e r'le 88 5'% -% $on% 5e #cce1%ed& EBcl'des d-sco.ery&

/#ddressee? c-.-l l-%-#%ors, co'r%s, 'nre1resen%ed 1#r%-es, l#$ 6-rms, 1#r%-es 05'% c#n% -m1osemone%#ry d#m#es on 1#r%-es4

/comm#nds? s-n-n, #nd 5 8/@/eBce1%-ons? re#son#5le 'nder c-rc'ms%#nces, doesn% :#.e %o 5e eB#c%ly 5#sed on c'rren% l#$,

6#c%s %:#% #re l-=ely %o :#.e s'11or% $7 re#son#5le d-sco.ery, doesn% #11ly %o d-sco.ery or or#l

1resen%#%-on %o co'r%, -.es 28 d#y s#6e :#r5or 1er-od

/conse'ences? s#nc%-ons 01oss-5ly -ncl'd-n #%%orneys 6ees 6or o11os-n 1#r%y 5r-n %:e r'le 88mo%-on4 l-m-%ed %o $:#% -s s'66-c-en% %o de%er re1e%-%-on; s#nc%-on -s 1res'm1%-.ely #%%orneys 6ees


7/49

. 'a(&er Christian

/R'le 88054024 #11l-es %o l#c= o6 le#l s'11or% ; 880540@4 %o 6#c%'#l -n.es%-#%-on

D. #pecificity in Pleading

1. Stradford

a) Facts

P l#1sed -n -ns'r#nce 1#ymen%s; %:en res'med #nd 6-led l#re cl#-m& D -ns'r#nce co $on% 1#y; P

s'es, D co'n%ercl#-ms 6r#'d& P mo.-n %o d-sm-ss 57c D d-dn% s%#%e cl#-m $7 s1ec-6-c-%y re'-red

5y R'le 054


Ple#d-n o6 6r#'d m's% -ncl'de %:e %-me, 1l#ce, n#%'re o6 %:e m-sre1resen%#%-ons& Pr-m#ry 1'r1ose

-s %o -.e P no%-ce o6 %:e 6#c%'#l 5#s-s& Co'r% -.es D le#.e %o #mend&

c) Issues

/$:y d-d D co'n%ercl#-m, -ns%e#d o6 1le#d-n 6r#'d #s de6ense I6 de6ense, R'le $o'ld no%#11ly& )UT %:-s $#y %:ey c#n e% d#m#es

/R'le -s only R'le re'-r-n s'c: s1ec-6-c-%y, 5'% some o%:er s%#%e #nd 6eder#l l#$s do/some l#$s #lso 6or5-d s1ec-6-c-%y -n some 1le#d-ns

/remem5er, 1l#-n%-66 doesn% need %o 1resen% e.-dence %o 1ro.e %:e 1le#d-n

E. Burdens

1. Definitions

/1le#d-n/1#r%y m's% #llee %:#% elemen% o6 %:e cl#-m or de6ense; c#n% eB1ec% %:e o%:er %o do so

/1rod'c%-on/#% %r-#l 1#r%y m's% 1rod'ce e.-dence %:#% %ends %o demons%r#%e %:e 1ro1os-%-on #% s%#=e

/1ers'#s-on/1#r%y m's% 1ers'#de %:e %r-er o6 6#c% %:#% :-s .ers-on -s more l-=ely %:#n no% %o 5e %r'e

2. +ome/

a) Facts

C-.-l r-:%s c#se, P cl#-ms 6-red $7o :e#r-n& D s#ys :e m's% #llee %:#% #c% $#s done -n 5#d 6#-%:&

P s#ys %:-s -s de6ense, D :#s 5'rden o6 1le#d-n&


SC s#ys '#l-6-ed -mm'n-%y -s #66-rm#%-.e de6ense so D :#s 5'rden o6 1le#d-n& No% men%-oned -n

s%#%'%e, D :#s re#%er =no$lede& M#y5e re#l re#son -s co'r% $#n%s %o m#=e -% e#s-er 6or

1l#-n%-66s

c) Issues

/$:y %#=e %:-s %o SC )'rden o6 1le#d-n m#y me#n 5'rden o6 1rod'c%-on71ers'#s-on #% %r-#l

/#66-rm#%-.e de6ense/5r-ns '1 ne$ 6#c%s %:#% #re no% 1#r% o6 %:e cl#-m; no% re#lly %:#% cle#r $:-c:

%:-ns #re #66-rm de6enses; no% elemen%s o6 %:e 1l#-n%-66s cl#-m


8/49

F. Responding to the Complaint

1. Possi0(e ctions 0y D

/no%:-n? de6#'l% >'dmen% ##-ns% D 1er R'le 's%-ce # 5- 6#c%or :ere/no concern 57c s#me -ns'rer co.ered D #nd %:e correc% em1loyer

/R'le /de6-nes mo%-on #s # re'es% %o %:e co'r% 6or #n order

/R'le 054/#.ermen%s -n # 1le#d-n #re #dm-%%ed $:en no% den-ed 0c#n% >'s% s#y, m#=e P 1ro.e -%4

. Layman

a) FactsP s'-n D 6or %res1#ss& D s#ys %:ey :#d e#semen%; 5'% d-dn% r#-se %:-s -n #ns$er& Is -% #66-rm#%-.e

de6ense %:#% D m's% 1le#d -n %:e #ns$er


Co'r% dec-des e#semen% -s #66-rm#%-.e de6ense 57c l-cense -s, #nd %:#% -s s-m-l#r& So D c#n% #r'e

%:#% e.-dence 0$-ll #mend com1l#-n%4

c) Issues

/no% cle#r :o$ co'r% dec-ded %:-s $#s #66-rm#%-.e de6ense/m#y5e more #5o'% s'r1r-se d'r-n

%r-#l I6 P :#d 6o'nd o'% d'r-n d-sco.ery #nd -n%erro#%ory, %:en co'r% m-:% s#y d-66eren%ly&

/R'le 0c4 l-s%s #66-rm#%-.e de6enses

/ood -de# 6or D %o 1le#d do'5%6'l m#%%ers #s #66-rm#%-.e de6enses %o #.o-d $#-.er, %:o': someco'r%s %:-n= D :#s 5'rden o6 1roo6 -6 :e 1le#ded -% #s #66-rm de6

/1le#d-ns 's'#lly 1red-c%#5le; 5'% -6 %:ere -s some%:-n 'neB1ec%ed or s'r1r-s-n, %:en %:e

1le#ders s:o'ld m#=e %:#% cle#r& Ple#d-n r'les #re #5o'% 6#-rness #nd no%-ce

/mos% #c%-on :#11ens -n d-sco.ery, so -6 'n's'#l s%ory -s le#rned %:en, %:ere -s no s'r1r-se #nd

$on% 5e %oo 1-c=y #5o'% 1le#d-n

/-6 P $#n%s %o c:#llene #n #66-rm#%-.e de6ense, :e c#n m#=e # R'le 82064 mo%-on %o s%r-=e 0%:-s

mo%-on $or=s l-=e # 825! 6or # s-nle #lle#%-on, $or=s 6or P or D4


9/49

#. -ep(y

/R'le 0#4/re'-res re1ly -6 %:e #ns$er con%#-ns # co'n%ercl#-m denom-n#%ed #s s'c:

/%ec:n-c#lly no% re'-red -6 %:e 1o%en%-#l co'n%ercl#-m -s -.en #s #66-rm#%-.e de6ense

/co'r% m#y #lso order re1ly on -%s o$n mo%-on, or mo%-on o6 # 1#r%y

$. Amendments

1. -%(e 13

#4 Amendmen%s

/1#r%y m#y #mend #% #ny %-me 5e6ore res1ons-.e 1le#d-n ser.ed; o%:er$-se 1#r%y c#n #mend -6

yo' :#.e le#.e o6 co'r% or $r-%%en consen% o6 #d.erse 1#r%y; co'r% s:o'ld 6reely -.e le#.e $:en>'s%-ce so re'-res

/so $:en does >'s%-ce so re'-re F#c%ors/K-ll o%:er s-de :#.e # c:#nce %o 1re1#re # res1onse

K#s %:-s # res'l% o6 6#c%ors o'%s-de %:e-r con%rol S:o'ld %:ey :#.e 6-Bed %:-s e#rl-er, or 6o'nd -%

o'% e#rl-er Ho$ m'c: $-ll -% :#rm o%:er s-de/$:y #llo$ #mendmen%s 57c no%-ce 1le#d-n -sn% s'11osed %o :#.e #ll %:e 6#c%s; 6oc's on

d-sco.ery

2. $eec& v. 4%as(ide

a) Facts

P s'es 6or 1rod'c% de6ec%& D s#ys %:e m#n'6#c%'red %:e sl-de& L#%er D re#l-es %:ey d-dn% m#=e -%,

#nd $#n% %o #mend #ns$er& )'%, %:e s%#% o6 l-m-%s :#s r'n so P c#n% s'e o%:er 'y&


Co'r% #llo$ed D %o #mend& T:o':% %:#% D $#s no% 5#d 6#-%:, #nd s%-ll 1oss-5le %:#% P c#n s'e %:e

r-:% 'y& Ko'ld 5e more 1re>'d-c-#l %o deny #mendmen% %:#% %o #llo$ -%& D co'ld no% de6end

%:emsel.es on %:e de6ec% cl#-m&

c) Issues

/%$o concerns? -s %:ere ood re#son %:#% D m#de %:e m-s%#=e K-ll -% 5e 1re>'d-c-#l %o o%:er s-de

0m#y5e 5#l#nc-n %:e :#rms4

. -e(ation $ac&

/'nder R'le 8


10/49


11/49

/#%%orney7cl-en% 1r-.-lee eB%ended -n U1>o:n c#se %o eB%end 5eyond %o1 m#n#emen% -n

cor1or#%-ons

/1r-.-lee c#n 5e $#-.ed -6 P 5r-ns # cl#-m -n $:-c: %:#% -n6o -s #% -ss'e 0s'c: #s med-c#l records

-n 1erson#l -n>'ry s'-%4

/some -rrele.#n% -n6o m's% 5e d-sclosed? -ns'r#nce -n6o, -n6o %:#% eB1l#-ns d#m#e c#lc'l#%-ons02!0#40844

/1#r%y c#n 'se r'le 2!0c4 or @0#4 %o r#-se # 1r-.-lee; 2!0c4 -s more de%#-led #5o'% %:e l-m-%s %:eco'r% c#n -m1ose on d-sco.ery

/-6 1#r%y re6'ses %o 1rod'ce # doc'men% or %:-n 57c o6 1r-.-lee, :e m's% 1ro.-de # descr-1%-on o6

-%

D. (nitial Disclosures/d-sclos're o6 %#n-5le %:-ns 1#r%y m#y 'se %o s'11or% cl#-m or de6ense, eBce1% 6or -m1e#c:men%

0'nderm-n-n cred-5-l-%y o6 # %es%-6y-n $-%ness4, 1l's d#m#e c#lc'l#%-on -n6o #nd -ns'r#nce

/m's% d-sclose -den%-%y #nd #ddress o6 $-%nesses/m's% d-sclose -ns'r#nce -n6o, #nd -n6o 'sed %o m#=e d#m#e c#lc'l#%-ons

/6or eB1er% $-%nesses? 5-o #nd re1or% 02!0#40@44

/don% :#.e %o d-sclose 5#d -n6o

/'s'#lly, d-sclos're $-ll occ'r no l#%er %:#n < d#ys #6%er D #11e#rs

/some %y1es o6 c#ses #re eBem1% 0r'le 2!58E4

/M's% no%-6y o%:er 1#r%y -6 some%:-n ne$ comes '1 #6%er d-sclos're; r-s= o6 no% d-sclos-n Co'r%

m-:% no% #llo$ %:e e.-dence %o 5e 'sed 'nless -% $#s d-sco.ered #no%:er $#y&

E. Compelled Discoery

/rele.#n% %o cl#-m or de6ense o6 #ny 1#r%y, or some%-mes -6 rele.#n% %o s'5>ec% m#%%er

/o5>ec%-ons/m's% #ns$er 'nless 1r-.-leed, or yo' s%o1 %o e% # co'r% 1ro%ec%-.e order, or %o

en6orce %:e co'r% order

1. Interrogatories 5r%(e 6

/send-n 1#r%y # l-s% o6 'es%-ons %o #ns$er/no more %:#n 2< 'es%-ons 'nless 1#r%y e%s co'r%s 1erm-ss-on

/c:e#1er %:#n de1os-%-on, 5'% c#n% do 6ollo$ '1 'es%-ons

/non/1#r%-es don% :#.e %o #ns$er; e.en -6 %:ey #ns$er, 1ro5#5ly no% #dm-ss-5le #% %r-#l

/-.es e.-dence 6or 'se #% %r-#l; con%r#s% #dm-ss-on 5elo$

2. -e4%ests for dmission 5r%(e 76

/#s=s o%:er 1#r%y %o #dm-% # 6#c%; %#=es %:#% 6#c% o'% o6 %:e d-s1'%e com1le%ely; s#me e66ec% #s

#dm-%%-n -n #n #ns$er/1#r%y c#n s#y %:ey don% :#.e eno': -n6o %o #dm-% or deny; 5'% c#n% >'s% s#y %:#%s #n -ss'e 6or

>'ry

/#dm-ss-ons #re 5-nd-n only -n %:e 1end-n #c%-on

. Depositions 5r%(e 8 etc6

/l#$yer 'es%-ons # 1#r%y or $-%ness 'nder o#%:, re1or%er #nd #d.erse l#$yer #re 1resen%

/%o%#l n'm5er o6 de1os-%-ons on one s-de m#y no% eBceed 8; e#c: de1os-%-on c#n% eBceed # d#y

o6 se.en :o'rs; no 1erson m#y 5e de1osed second %-me $7o 1erm-ss-on o6 co'r% or o%:er s-de

/de1os-n 1#r%y c#n #s= 6or more %-me -6 o%:er s-de del#yed %:e de1o


12/49

#. Doc%ment Prod%ction 5r%(e #6

/c#n 5e #ny med-'m 6or record-n d#%# or -n6orm#%-on

/%:e 1rod'c-n 1#r%y ener#lly 5e#rs %:e cos% o6 1rod'c%-on

3. Menta( and Physica( !9ams 5r%(e 36

/re'-res s1ec-#l #11l-c#%-on %o co'r% #nd s:o$-n o6 ood c#'se/ener#lly c#n% re'-re eB#m o6 # non/1#r%y

F. Protectie )rders

1. -%(e 275c6

/1#r%y c#n e% # 1ro%ec%-.e order so %:#% -n6o -s no% d-sco.er#5le; 5#l#nces need 6or -n6o ##-ns%

coll#%er#l :#rm

/>'de -.en lo%s o6 d-scre%-on/1res'mes -n6o -s d-sco.er#5le, 'nless %:ere -s coll#%er#l :#rm

2. Sta(na&er

a) Facts

P cl#-ms seB'#l :#r#ssmen% 5y D& K#n%s %o de1ose %:-rd 1#r%-es $:o $or=ed #% s#me s%ore #5o'%.ol'n%#ry seB'#l #c%-.-%-es& D $#n%s # 1ro%ec%-.e order 57c -n6o -s em5#rr#ss-n&


Co'r% dec-des %o #llo$ de1os-%-on #5o'% %:e-r seB'#l #c%-.-%-es, 5'% only %o eB%en% %:#% -% s:o$s

s-m-l#r cond'c% 5y D&

c) Issues

/re'-res l#$yers %o 6r#me 'es%-ons c#re6'lly %o e% $7-n rele.#nce; m#y end '1 -n co'r% ##-n %o

cl#r-6y/'s'#lly d-sco.ery dec-s-ons no% re.-e$#5le r-:% #$#y 57c o6 6-n#l >'dmen% r'le; 5'% %:ere -s

l-m-%ed re.-e$ 6or m#-s%r#%es dec-s-ons 5y d-s%r-c% co'r% >'de

$. !rial Prep Materials

1. Hic&man

a) Facts

Kron6'l de#%: #c%-on #5o'% %' #cc-den%& T' cos l#$yer d-d -n.es%-#%-ons, -n%er.-e$ed

$-%nesses $:o $ere cre$ mem5ers& Ps l#$yer $#n%s %o =no$ con%en% o6 %:#%& D s#ys -n6o -s

1r-.-leed&


In6o no% 1r-.-leed 5y #%%orney/cl-en% rel#%-on 0em1loyees o6 cl-en% no% cl-en%s4& No% d-sco.er#5le

57c -% -s l#$yers $or= 1rod'c%& M-:% s%-ll 5e d-sco.er#5le -6 P s:o$ed s'5s%#n%-#l need, 5'% P

co'ld %#=e o$n -n%er.-e$s&


13/49

c) Issues

/o11os-%e 1res'm1%-on 6rom 1ro%ec%-.e order? 6or $or= 1rod'c%, -% -s 1res'med %o 5e non/

d-sco.er#5le; c#n 5e o.ercome 5y s:o$-n o6 s'5s%#n%-#l need or 'nd'e :#rds:-1

/o'%come co'ld .#ry %od#y? em1loyees o6 com1#ny m-:% 5e cl-en%s #lso, so -n%er.-e$s 1r-.-leed

0U1>o:n4& So $o'ld need %o de1ose %:e cre$; m-:% 5e #5le %o #r'e 'nd'e :#rds:-1 57c %:ese #re

more eB1ens-.e

/r'le 1ro%ec%s -ns'r#nce #d>'s%ors #nd -n.es%-#%ors %oo

/5'% $-%ness c#n #lso e% co1-es o6 %:e-r o$n -n%er.-e$s7de1os-%-ons 02!5@4

/%o '#l-6y %:e m#%er-#l m's% 5e 1re1#red 6or l-%-#%-on/remem5er, no% #ll :#rd $or= -s non/d-sco.er#5le; -6 l#$yer $or=s :#rd %o 6-nd # $-%ness, :e

m's% d-sclose -den%-%y o6 $-%ness %o o%:er s-de

*. E+pert !estimony

1. -%(e 275065#6

/de6-nes eB1er%//:-red or re%#-ned 5y l#$yer 6or 1ro.-d-n eB1er% o1-n-ons -n #n%-c-1#%-on o6

l-%-#%-on

/m's% -.e 5-o #nd re1or% -n -n-%-#l d-sclos'res -6 %es%-6y-n; non/%es%-6y-n eB1er%s don% :#.e %o/o%:er 1#r%y c#n de1ose %es%-6y-n eB1er%; 5'% need s1ec-#l s:o$-n %o de1ose non/%es%-6y-n

eB1er%

2. Thompson

a) Facts

P s'-n em1loyer 6or seB'#l :#r#ssmen%, emo%-on#l d-s%ress& D $#n%s 1syc:olo-c#l re1or% o6

eB1er% $:o -n%er.-e$ed P& P s#ys %:ey c#n% :#.e -% 57c non/%es%-6y-n&


D c#n% e% %:-s -n6o 6rom o%:er me#ns, so eBce1%-on#l c-rc'ms%#nces me%& 01r-.-lee $#-.ed4&

Co'ld #lso s#y 1syc:olo-s% $#s # $-%ness, no% :-red -n #n%-c-1#%-on o6 l-%-#%-on&

c) Issues

/1ro.-n s1ec-#l c-rc'ms%#nces/c#n% e% -n6o #no%:er $#y, no $#y %o :#.e o%%en -% e#rl-er

. Chi4%ita

a) Facts

P :#d eB1er% eB#m-ne doc=; D $#n%s eB1er%s re1or%& P s#ys eB1er% $on% %es%-6y, so don% :#.e %o

-.e re1or%&

b) Rules and ReasoningD co'ld :#.e sen% %:e-r o$n eB1er% %o -ns1ec% %:e doc=& C#n% 5ene6-% 6rom o%:er 1#r%ys $or= 0%o

s'c: # deree4&

c) Issues

/s-m-l#r %o $or= 1rod'c% :ere, o%:er s-de s:o'ld do -% %:emsel.es


14/49

(. Enforcement

1. Sanctions

/R'le @/-6 1#r%y doesn% d-sclose %:e -n6o, co'r% m#y re6'se %o #llo$ %:e e.-dence #% %r-#l or

-m1ose o%:er s#nc%-ons, 'nless -% $#s :#rmless 0eB? %:e e.-dence $#s 'nco.ered -n l#%er

d-sco.ery4& )'% $ron 1#r%y m#y :#.e %o 1#y re#son#5le eB1enses o6 e%%-n -n6o l#%er&/)UT o%:er 1#r%y m's% :#.e m#de # ood 6#-%: e66or% %o com1el %:e -n6o $7o co'r% #c%-on

/-6 1#r%y con%-n'es %o re6'se %o r#n% d-sco.ery, co'r% m#y order re#son#5le eB1enses 0-ncl'd-n#%%orneys 6ees4, order %:#% 6#c% #dm-%%ed or m#=e # de6#'l% >'dmen%

/R'le 2!04/6-lls -n %:e d-sco.ery #1 o6 R'le 88, co'r% c#n -m1ose #11ro1r-#%e s#nc%-on,

cons-der-n %:e $:ole 1#%%ern o6 5e:#.-or

2. Thompson

a) Facts

P cl#ss #c%-on #5o'% :o's-n d-scr-m& Ps $#n% l#re #mo'n% o6 d-sco.ery, co.er-n < ye#rs& D

s#ys %oo 5'rdensome&


Co'r% s#ys P #nd D m's% $or= %oe%:er %o resol.e %:e 1ro5lem& M's% n#rro$ %:e sco1e o6

d-sco.ery, #nd $or= %o sol.e 1ro5s&

. Poo(e v. Te9tron

a) Facts

Prod'c% de6ec% c#se& P $#n%s s#nc%-ons ##-ns% D 6or 5#d 5e:#.-or&


Co'r% c#n #$#rd s#nc%-ons 'nder @#3 0re#son#5le eB1enses 6or s1ec-6-c -nc-den%4 #nd 2!

0#11ro1r-#%e s#nc%-ons 6or $:ole 5e:#.-or4& Co'r% -m1oses eB1enses only 57c no% 5#d 6#-%:&

c) Issues

/#$#rd o6 s#nc%-ons m#y de1end on $:e%:er 1#r%y -s 1erce-.ed #s 5#d 6#-%:; 5'% 1oss-5le %:#% 5#d

5e:#.-or $#s -ncom1e%ence, 6e#r o6 #s=-n cl-en% 6or eno': -n6o

/m-:% %:e s%#e o6 l-%-#%-on eB1l#-n %:e d-66eren% #11ro#c:es o6 %:ese %$o >'des T:om1son

:#11ened #% 5e-nn-n o6 d-sco.ery; Poole .ery l#%e -n%o -%

/:o$ m-:% s'c: # r'l-n #66ec% l#%er mo%-ons l-=e #mend-n 1le#d-n 0eB? -n )eec= .& A'#sl-de4&

M-:% #66ec% $:e%:er >'s%-ce so re'-res %:e co'r% %o r#n% #mendmen%

I:. -eso(%tion ,;o Tria(

A. *ow #uits End w,o Ad-udication

/#5#ndonmen% 5y 1l#-n%-66 0e.en%'#lly ends -n d-sm-ss#l4? m#y re1resen% >'dmen% o6 mer-%s 5y P;

or -n#de'#%e 6-n#nc-n o6 s'-%

/con%r#c%'#l resol'%-on? -n #no%:er 6or'm 0#r5-%r#%-on4; se%%lemen%

/#5o'% @9 end -n non/%r-#l #d>'d-c#%-on 0some =-nd o6 >'dmen%4

/o.er :#l6 end -n se%%lemen%


15/49

B. Default

/R'le 'de %o #11ro.e # se%%lemen%, 5'% eBce1%-ons #re cl#ss #c%-ons, c#ses

-n.ol.-n m-nors, some m'l%-/D c#ses&

/se%%lemen% :el1s con%rol %:e r-s=s o6 l-%-#%-on 6or 5o%: 1#r%-es/c#n% #11e#l #6%er se%%lemen% s-nce %:ere -s no >'dmen%

2. Strategy

/1oss-5le o#ls %o se%%le? #.o-d 5#d 1'5l-c-%y, 1re.en% 5#d -n6o 6or 6'%'re em1loyees7em1loyers

/ne#%-.e 6#c%ors? $on% 6eel .-nd-c#%ed -6 no >'dmen% on mer-%s, m's% en6orce %:e se%%lemen% 0so

or#l #reemen% -s NOT ood -de#4

/$:en %o se%%le/5e6ore com1l#-n% -6 con6-den%-#l-%y -s -m1or%#n%, 5'% e#s-er %o en6orce -6 >'dmen%en%ered 0s'c: #s -n.ol'n%#ry d-sm-ss#l or consen% decree4

/-6 P 6-les ne$ l#$s'-%, D $o'ld 1le#d #66-rm#%-.e de6ense o6 #ccord #nd s#%-s6#c%-on or res

>'d-c#%# -6 %:ere -s # >'dmen% on %:e mer-%s 0-n.ol d-s4

/1#r%-es c#n #lso se%%le 1#r% o6 %:e cl#-m, #nd le#.e %:e res% %o %r-#l 0s'c: #s se%%le on l-#5-l-%y 5'%

%ry d#m#es4

. Mediation

/# med-#%or #ss-s%s -n neo%-#%-on 5%$ %:e 1#r%-es %o :el1 %:em come %o #n #reemen%; 5'% doesn%

dec-de %:e c#se or 5-nd %:e 1#r%-es

/some%-mes m#nd#%ory med-#%-on -s re'-red 5y co'r% or s%#%'%e 06re'en%ly -n 6#m-ly l#$4

/>'des c#n e.en #c% l-=e med-#%ors 05y m#n#-n %:e l-%-#%-on, o66er-n #l%ern#%e d-s1'%e

resol'%-on, -.-n e#rly e.#l'#%-ons o6 %:e mer-%s4

#. Mats%shita

a) Facts

Cl#ss #c%-on P se%%led $7 D -n s%#%e co'r% 0#11ro.ed 5y co'r%4, -ncl'd-n 6eder#l sec'r-%-es cl#-ms

%:#% s%#%e co'r% d-d no% :#.e >'r-sd %o :e#r& No$ o%:er mem5ers o6 cl#ss s'-n -n 6eder#l co'r%&

Cl#-m 5#rred 5y se%%lemen%


Under 6'll F#-%: #nd Cred-% Ac% %:e 6eder#l co'r% m's% -.e >'dmen% %:e s#me e66ec% -% $o'ld:#.e -n %:e co'r% $:ere rendered; -6 %:e s%#%es l#$s #llo$ %:e resol.-n o6 s%#%e #nd 6eder#l cl#-ms

-n se%%lemen%, %:en %:ere -s 1recl's-on&

c) Issues

/%:-s re'-res # >'dmen% o6 some =-nd O%:er$-se con%r#c% $o'ld co.er 5o%: s%#%e #nd 6eder#l

cl#-ms


16/49

3.


17/49

#. F(oss v. -yans

a) Facts

P s-ned #r5-%r#%-on #reemen% -n em1loymen% con%r#c% $7 D, P m's% 5r-n d-s1'%e %o EDSI& T:e-r

1roced'res s'5>ec% %o c:#ne $7o no%-ce& P m's% 1#y :#l6 6ees&


No 5-nd-n con%r#c% 57c no cons-der#%-on& EDSI d-dn% 1rom-se #ny s1ec-6-c 1roced'res %o :#ndle

%:e d-s1'%e&

c) Issues

/so %:-s co'r% 'sed con%r#c% 1r-nc-1les %o s%r-=e do$n %:e cl#'se

/remem5er, yo' co'ld c:#r#c%er-e %:-s #reemen% d-66eren%ly? s#y -% -s e#red %o$#rds c's%omer

ser.-ce #nd -nd-.-d'#l-ed #%%en%-on so -% -s ood

3. Lyster v. -yans

/s#me #r5-%r#%-on #reemen%, %:-s co'r% 6-nds %:#% -% $#sn% 'nconsc-on#5le or 'nd'ly :#rs:

/%:-s -s # d-66eren% c-rc'-%; m#y5e >'s% # >'r-sd-c%-on#l d-66erence/$:#% s:o'ld Ry#ns do (ee1 %:e #reemen%, 5'% #s= EDSI %o 6-B %:e r'les, or no%-6y e.eryone o6

#ny c:#nes so %:e 1roced'res $-ll 5e 6#-r&

7. Ferg%son v. 'riter=s +%i(d

a) Facts

P d-s1'%es :-s cred-% 6or screen1l#y& Mem5er o6 *'-ld, $:-c: :#s #r5-%r#%-on 1ol-cy 6or cred-%

d-s1'%es& P-c=s %:ree #nonymo's #r5-%r#%ors $:o #re $r-%ers, -den%-%-es #ll 'n=no$n %o 1#r%-es #nd

.-ce .ers#, loo= #% doc'men%s only 0no %es%-mony4&


T:-s sys%em -s 6-ne; -% :#ndles cl#-ms more s=-ll6'lly #nd econom-c#lly %:#n co'r%s co'ld&

Mem5ers o6 '-ld #re 5e%%er %o dec-de, #nd %:ey .o%ed 6or %:-s sys%em %:emsel.es&

c) Issues

/1roced're l-=e %:-s -n # co'r% $o'ld .-ol#%e d'e 1rocess; 5'% :ere, no s%#%e #c%-on

/%:e more $e %ry %o m#=e #r5-%r#%-on l-=e l-%-#%-on, %:e more 5ene6-%s $e lose 05ecomes more

eB1ens-.e, slo$er4

/%:e co'r%s re.-e$-n 1o$ers #re l-m-%ed %o #s=-n $:e%:er %:e 1#r%-es #c%'#lly #reed %o

#r5-%r#%e, #nd $:e%:er -% $#s 6#-r

>. Frame,or& for !nforcement

/T$o doc%r-n#l 6r#me$or=s? 84 #reemen% #s con%r#c% 0s'5>ec% %o l-m-%s o6 con%r#c% l#$4; 24 s1ec-#ln#%'re o6 %:e cl#-ms -n 'es%-on? s:o'ld some cl#-ms no% 5e #r5-%r#5le 0eB? c-.-l r-:%s or

sec'r-%-es l#$, %:o': co'r%s no$ #llo$ %:ese4 Are %:e sys%ems 1roced'res 6#-r, e.en/:#nded

/$:#% d-s1'%es #re no% #r5-%r#5le M#y5e -6 %:ey #re 1'5l-c 0l-=e )'s: .& *ore4, -m1or%#n%, l-=ely

%o 5e 'n6#-r; some s%#%'%ory cl#-ms

/Co'r%s $-ll s%r-=e %:e #reemen% -6 -% -s 6'nd#men%#lly 'n6#-r& F#c%ors? Is %:ere m'%'#l-%y o6o5l-#%-on Does %:e #reemen% d-s1ro1or%-on#%ely d-s#d.#n%#e 1l#-n%-66 6-n#nc-#lly

0-n:os1-%#5le4 Is %:e #reemen% %oo l-m-%ed on remed-es 0no 1'n-%-.e d#m#es4


18/49

/Re.-e$ o6 #r5-%r#%-on? co'r%s $-ll ener#lly no% re.-e$ %:e dec-s-on, 'nless %:ere -s ross

l#$lessness 5y %:e #r5-%r#%or

E. #ummary /udgment

1. -%(e 375c6

/1#r%y mo.-n 6or s'mm#ry >'dmen% m's% s:o$ %:ere -s 84 no en'-ne -ss'e #s %o #ny m#%er-#l6#c%; 24 %:#% %:ey #re en%-%led %o >'dmen% #s # m#%%er o6 l#$

/nonmo.-n 1#r%y m's% 1rod'ce e.-dence 0c#n 5e #66-d#.-%s or o%:er doc'men%s4 %o s:o$ #n -ss'e

o6 6#c% 0see Celo%eB 6or 5'rden4 #nd c#n% res% on 1le#d-ns #lone

/no $-%nesses %es%-6y, #nd %:ere -s no >'ry %o #ssess cred-5-l-%y o6 e.-dence

/nonmo.-n 1#r%y c#n #lso #s= 6or more %-me 6or d-sco.ery

/d-66eren% 6rom 825! mo%-on/:ere $e don% #ss'me Ps 6#c%s #re %r'e; $e #s=, #re %:ere m#%er-#l

6#c%s -n d-s1'%e, %es%-n $:e%:er 6#c%s #re %r'e 05'% no% $:e%:er %:e e.-dence -s cred-5le or no%4

2. Ce(ote9 v. Catrett

a) FactsP cl#-ms Ds #s5es%os =-lled :'s5#nd& D s#ys -% $#sn% %:e-r #s5es%os; mo.es 6or s'mm#ry

>'dmen% on %:#%& S#ys %:#% P c#n% s:o$ -% $#s %:e-r #s5es%os, 5#sed on Ps 6#-l're %o -den%-6y

$-%nesses d'r-n d-sco.ery&


D c#n e-%:er? 84 1resen% e.-dence %o s:o$ Ps cl#-ms c#n% 5e %r'e; or 24 s#y %:#% P c#n% s:o$

eno': e.-dence %o 1ro.e elemen% on $:-c: %:ey :#.e 5'rden& D >'s% :#s %o 1o-n% o'% %:#% P

doesn% :#.e eno': e.-dence 6or r#%-on#l >'ry %o 6-nd -n %:e-r 6#.or; no need 6or o%:er e.-dence&

)'rden o6 1rod'c%-on 6or SJ -s %:e SAME #s 6or 1ers'#s-on #% %r-#l 0's'#lly on P4&

c) Issues

/-m1l-c#%-ons 6or d-sco.ery P'%s more 1ress're on P %o e%7s:o$ e.-dence 5e6ore %r-#l; P c#n%>'s% s#y, I $-ll :#.e e.-dence 5y %r-#l 57c co'r% $-ll loo= #% s%#%e o6 e.-dence #% %-me o6 SJ

/no$ %:e 5'rden o6 1rod'c%-on 6or SJ -s s#me #s 5'rden o6 1ers'#s-on #% %r-#l

/does %:e e.-dence :#.e %o 5e #dm-ss-5le #% co'r% See r'le 'dmen%, 1l#-n%-66 c#n 84 #%%#c= %:e de6end#n%s 6#c%'#l

#n#lys-s, s#y -%s $ron #nd yo' co'ld dr#$ -n6erences %:#% #llo$ # re#son#5le >'ry %o 6-nd 6or P;

or 24 %:ere -s #dd-%-on#l e.-dence s:o$-n %:ere -s # 6#c%'#l d-s1'%e 0#nd 1resen% e.-dence4

. $ias

a) Facts

P s'-n 6or 5re#c: o6 con%r#c%, s#y D d-dn% e% -ns'r#nce 1ol-cy 6or son& D s#ys son $o'ld no%

'#l-6y 6or 1ol-cy 57c dr' 'ser& D mo.es 6or SJ, 1resen%s %es%-mony #5o'% s1ec-6-c -nc-den%s o6

dr' 'se& P -.es #66-d#.-%s s#y-n ener#lly son no% 'ser&


E.en %:o': e.-dence on 5o%: s-des, co'r% m's% #s= co'ld # r#%-on#l %r-er o6 6#c% 6-nd 6or P Ps

e.-dence %oo ener#l, doesn% re6'%e %:e s1ec-6-c e.-dence 6rom D&


19/49

c) Issues

/-n mo%-on 6or SJ, %:e co'r% m's% m#=e #ll >'s%-6-#5le -n6erences -n 6#.or o6 %:e nonmo.#n%; 5'%

%:e nonmo.-n 1#r%y m's% do more %:#n cre#%e # me%#1:ys-c#l do'5% #5o'% cred-5-l-%y

/remem5er, D :#s 5'rden o6 1rod'c%-on71ers'#s-on 6or #66-rm#%-.e de6enses l-=e s%#% o6 l-m-%s

F. /udicial Management

1. Case Loads

/s%#%e/#.er#e 8'de

/6eder#l/#.er#e 'des $-ll $#n% %o s1eed %:-ns #lon, es1 -n s%#%e co'r%&M#>or -m1l-c#%-ons 6or :o$ lon %r-#l $-ll %#=e, sc:ed'l-n, del#ys

2. -%(e 17

/8!d/# >'de m's% se% # %-me %#5le 0sc:ed'l-n order4 6or %:e %r-#l

/>'de c#n #lso 'se d-scre%-on %o :#.e con6erences, m#=e s#nc%-ons 0s#me #s #.#-l#5le 6or r'le @4

/'s'#lly 1#r%-es c#n% #11e#l %:ese orders, 57c o6 6-n#l >'dmen% r'le& )'% remem5er, -n>'nc%-ons

#re #11e#l#5le; co'ld s#y %:e order -s -n>'nc%-on

. !vents %p to tria(

/r'le 2!064 con6erence, 5%$ %:e l#$yers 028 d#ys 53 mee%-n >'de4

/r'le 2!0#4084/-n-%-#l d-sclos'res

/r'le 8!054 sc:ed'l-n con6erence

/d-sco.ery

/se%%lemen% con6erence

/r'le 8!0d4 6-n#l 1re%r-#l con6erence/ m#y sc:ed'le #mended 1le#d-ns, eB1lore se%%lemen%,

re6-ne #re# o6 d-s1'%e, $-%ness #nd eB:-5-% l-s%s& J'de :#s 6leB-5-l-%y %o eB%end de#dl-nes, or %o

dec-de no% %o&

#. Sanders

a) Facts

J'de -ss'ed de#dl-nes #% sc:ed'l-n con6erence& Ps l#$yer 6#-led %o mee% de#dl-nes& A% 6-n#l

1re%r-#l con6erence, >'de d-sm-ssed %:e c#se #s s#nc%-on&


En 5#nc #11e#ls %:o':% d-sm-ss#l %oo :#rs:& A11ro1r-#%e s#nc%-on M#y5e re#son#5le #%%orneys

6ees, eB1enses&

c) Issues

/o%:er s#nc%-ons m-:% end '1 $7 s#me res'l%? -6 P c#n% #66ord %o 1#y %:em #nd con%-n'e l-%-#%-on:e m's% dro1 c#se

/'n6#-rness #lso #n -ss'e -n %:-s c#se; -6 P doesn% mee% de#dl-ne 5'% D does, %:#% me#ns P e%smore %-me %o loo= #% Ds 1#1ers


20/49

3. Mc'de -ss'ed order l-m-%-n Ps %:eory %o nel-ence& L#%er P 6o'nd #

ne$ %:eory o6 l-#5-l-%y&


J'de $o'ldn% #llo$ P %o 5r-n '1 %:e ne$ %:eory, 57c -% .-ol#%ed %:e order&

c) Issues

/>'de 1ro5#5ly =ne$ #5o'% %:e o%:er %:eory; s:o'ld :e :#.e %old P #5o'% -% Pro5 no%, %:#% -s no%

1o-n% o6 #d.ers#r-#l sys%em

:. The Trier of Fact

A. /udges' Bias and Recusal

1. 2? @SC #33

/5#sed on c#se/s1ec-6-c 5-#s, no% >'s% 5#d >'d-n -n ener#l 0'nl-=e CA, $:ere yo' e% one 6ree

1re/em1%-on4& For 5#d >'d-n yo' c#n 6-le # com1l#-n% 5'% %:#% doesn% remo.e >'de 6rom %:e

c#se&

/1#r%y c#n 6-le mo%-on 6or rec's#l, or >'de m's% rec'se :-msel6 -6 #4 -m1#r%-#l-%y co'ld re#son#5ly

5e 'es%-oned; or 54 one o6 6ollo$-n cr-%er-# #11ly 06-n#nc-#l, 1erson#l -n%eres%4/6-n#nc-#l -n%eres%/doesn% m#%%er :o$ sm#ll, 5'% -n%eres% -n m'%'#l 6'nd o=; 5'% >'de c#n #.o-d

rec's#l 5y d-.es%-n sel6 o6 %:e -n%eres% ONLY #6%er s'5s%#n%-#l >'d-c-#l %-me :#s 5een de.o%ed %o

%:e c#se 0-6 #% 5e-nn-n, %:ere #re o%:er >'des #.#-l#5le #nd >'de m's% rec'se4

/1#r%-es c#n $#-.e ONLY -6 5-#s 6#lls 'nder sec%-on #

/>'des c#n :e#r %:e-r o$n rec's#l mo%-on, or c#n #s= colle#'e %o :e#r -%

2. In re $oston Chi(dren=s First

a) Facts

J'de 1'5l-cly commen%ed on %:e c#se, s#y-n -% $#s more com1leB %:#n # 1#s% c#se& P mo.ed 6or

rec's#l, #nd >'de den-ed %:e mo%-on&


Ac%'#l 5-#s doesn% m#%%er; >'s% %:e #11e#r#nce o6 5-#s& Co'r%s m's% seem %o 5e 6ree o6 5-#s&

D-s'#l-6-c#%-on -s #11ro1r-#%e $:en 6#c%s s:o$ $:#% #n o5>ec%-.e mem5er o6 1'5l-c $o'ld 6-nd

%o 5e # re#son#5le 5#s-s 6or do'5%-n %:e >'des -m1#r%-#l-%y&

c) Issues/#ny o'%/o6/co'r% res1onse %o # re1or%er -s 1ro5#5ly no% ro'nds 6or rec's#l; s:o'ld 5e #ssessed on

c#se/5y/c#se 5#s-s

/1roced're :ere $#s # $r-% o6 m#nd#m's 6or #11ell#%e co'r% %o cons-der %:e mo%-on 6or rec's#l&

T:-s -s .ery r#re; 's'#lly #11e#l :#11ens #6%er 6-n#l >'dmen%& Co'r% $-ll %:en need %o #s=, s:o'ld

>'de :#.e rec'sed sel6, #nd d-d %:#% -n.ol.e # ser-o's eno': l-=el-:ood o6 -n>'s%-ce %o o.er%'rn

%:e c#se

/'s'#lly %:ere -s #ss'm1%-on %:#% #no%:er >'de -s #.#-l#5le %o re1l#ce rec'sed >'de& )'% S'1reme

Co'r%/-6 >'s%-ce rec'ses sel6, no one $-ll 6-ll -n; -6 %-e, %:e lo$er co'r% $-ll 5e #66-rmed


21/49

/-6 1#r%y #r'es 5-#s 5#sed on #%%-%'des de.elo1ed d'r-n %r-#l, SC s#ys %:#% >'d-c-#l rem#r=s m's%

re.e#l s'c: # :-: deree o6 5-#s #s %o m#=e 6#-r >'dmen% -m1oss-5le 0:-: s%#nd#rd4

B. Right to /ury !rial

1. Seventh mendment

/R-:% %o J'ry? -n s'-%s #% common l#$, $:ere %:e con%ro.ersy eBceeds %$en%y doll#rs, %:e r-:% %o# >'ry s:#ll 5e 1reser.ed

/1reser.ed me#ns $on% 5e %#=en #$#y; -%s no% re'-red, #nd %:e le-sl#%'re c#n '#r#n%ee more

r-:%s %o >'ry; >'de c#n c:oose %o :#.e # >'ry -n e'-%#5le cl#-m

/ReeB#m-n#%-on Cl#'se? no 6#c% %r-ed 5y >'ry s:#ll 5e reeB#m-ned 5y #ny co'r% %:#n #ccord-n %o%:e r'les o6 %:e common l#$

/Se.en%: Amendmen% #11l-es ONLY %o 6eder#l o.%, 5'% s%#%es :#.e s-m-l#r l#$s 1reser.-n r-:%

%o >'ry %r-#l

2. Common La,

/%:e r-:% -s 1reser.ed 6or s'-%s %:#% $o'ld 5e 5ro':% 'nder common l#$ co'r%s -n 88 0$:en

%: A $#s 1#ssed4/%:-s me#ns cl#-ms %:#% see= # le#l remedy 0no% e'-%#5le4

/m's% =no$ $:#% %y1e o6 remedy -s so':%; -6 le#l, %:ere -s # r-:% %o >'ry %r-#l, -6 e'-%#5le no

r-:%

/-6 yo' see= 5o%: %y1es o6 remedy, %:e 1#r%-es e% # >'ry on #ny 6#c%'#l m#%%ers %:#% o.erl#1, #nd

%:e >'de -s 5o'nd 5y %:e >'rys 6-nd-ns 0only rele.#n% #6%er %:e Feder#l R'les, s-nce 5e6ore yo'

co'ldn% com5-ne4

. -%(e ?

/dem#nd #nd $#-.er o6 r-:% %o >'ry %r-#l

/1#r%-es :#.e 8 d#ys #6%er %:e ser.-ce o6 %:e l#s% 1le#d-n d-rec%ed %o s'c: -ss'e 0%:#% :#s # r-:%

%o >'ry4

/so -6 1#r%y #mends 1le#d-n %o -ncl'de # le#l remedy, -%s 8 d#ys #6%er %:e l#s% 1le#d-n #5o'%%:#%/-6 yo' don% dem#nd # >'ry, yo' :#.e $#-.ed %:e r-:%

C. /udge as !rier of Fact

/R'le 'de m's% m#=e s1ec-6-c 6-nd-ns o6 6#c% s%#%ed se1#r#%ely 6rom %:e 6-nd-ns o6

l#$

/%:e re.-e$-n co'r% c#n cons-der %:ese 6#c% 6-nd-ns 0'nl-=e %:e 6-nd-ns o6 # >'ry4 #nd c#n se% %:e

6-nd-ns #s-de -6 %:ey #re cle#rly erroneo's

:I. Tria(

A. (mportance0/$:y 6oc's on %r-#l, $:en only 2/@9 o6 c#ses o %o %r-#l, #nd %:ese mo%-ons #re r#rely r#n%ed

/57c %r-#l :#s #n -m1#c% on %:e res% o6 %:e l-%-#%-on 1rocess; $:#% m-:% :#11en -s 5e-n #ssessed

-n se%%lemen% #reemen%s, dec-d-n %o l-%-#%e

/#6%er Celo%eB, %:e s%#nd#rd 6or d-rec%ed .erd-c% -s %:e s#me #s s'mm#ry >'dmen%, so %r-#l -s

-m1or%#n% -n SJ %oo; d-rec%s %:e d-sco.ery 1rocess

/%ells 's 5y re6erence #5o'% $:#% :#11ens %o %:e l-%-#%-on %:#% doesn% m#=e %r-#l


22/49

B. Burdens

1. P(eading

/1#r%-es m's% 6'l6-ll %:e-r 5'rden o6 1le#d-n

/%:-s -s c:#llened -n %:e 825! mo%-on %o d-sm-ss 0-6 D c:#llen-n P4

/P c:#llenes Ds 1le#d-ns -n # 826 mo%-on %o s%r-=e or 82c mo%-on 6or >'dmen% on %:e 1le#d-ns

2. Prod%ction

/-m1or%#n% #% %$o 1:#ses? s'mm#ry >'dmen% #nd >'dmen% #s m#%%er o6 l#$ d'r-n %r-#l; %:-s -s

$:en %:e 5'rden -s c:#llened 0s%#nd#rds #re %:e s#me, remem5er Celo%eB4

/:#s 1#r%y me% %:e-r 5'rden o6 1rod'c-n e.-dence %:#% $o'ld #llo$ # r#%-on#l %r-er %o 6-nd -n %:e-r6#.or

. Pers%asion

/-m1or%#n% only $:en %:e %r-er -s $e-:-n %:e e.-dence

/-n c-.-l %r-#ls, 1#r%y $-%: 5'rden m's% 1ro.e %:e-r s-de 5y # 1re1onder#nce o6 %:e e.-dence

/ONLY -m1or%#n% -6 %:e e.-dence -s eB#c%ly e'#l; %:en %:e >'ry m's% 6-nd ##-ns% %:e 1#r%y $7 %:e

5'rden/%:-s 5'rden -s 6#r more -m1or%#n% -n cr-m-n#l c#ses, $:ere -% $-ll #lmos% #l$#ys de%erm-ne %:e

.erd-c%

C. /udgment as a Matter of Law

/c#n mo.e 6or d-rec%ed .erd-c% #6%er P :#s 1resen%ed e.-dence, or #6%er D :#s 1resen%ed e.-dence

/c#n mo.e 6or >'dmen% no%$-%:s%#nd-n %:e .erd-c% #6%er %:e >'ry :#s m#de %:e .erd-c%

/R'le 'dmen% #s m#%%er o6 l#$, r#n%ed -6 %:ere -s no le#lly s'66-c-en%

e.-den%-#ry 5#s-s 6or # re#son#5le >'ry %o 6-nd 6or %:#% 1#r%y on %:#% -ss'e

/o6%en de1ends on -n6erences %:#% c#n re#son#5ly 5e dr#$n 6rom e.-dence

1. -eid v. San Pedro --

a) Facts

Ps co$ =-lled 5y %r#-n& Co'ld :#.e o%%en o'% 5y 5ro=en 6ence 0RRs d'%y4 or 5y o1en #%e 0Ps

d'%y4& Co$ 6o'nd ne#r #%e& J'ry 6-nds 6or P&


T:ere $#s no% eno': e.-dence %o s'11or% %:e -n6erence %:#% %:e co$ $en% %:ro': 6ence& P d-dn%

s#%-s6y :er 5'rden o6 1rod'c%-on 5y # 1re1onder#nce o6 %:e e.-dence&

c) Issues

/mos% co'r%s don% #llo$ 1#r%y %o rely on s%#%-s%-cs #lone; 5'% -6 %:ey %:-n= 1#r%y :#s eB:#'s%ed

o%:er 1oss-5le e.-dence, %:ey m-:% #llo$ -%/once # c#se re#c:es %:e >'ry, %:e >'ry s:o'ld 5e #5le %o r#%-on#lly 6-nd 6or e-%:er 1#r%y; %:-s s:o$s

%:#% l-%-#%-on -s #-med #% 6#-rness #nd m#n#-n do'5% #s m'c: #s %r'%:

2. Penn -- v. Cham0er(ain

a) Facts

Ps :'s5#nd =-lled 5y %r#-n& Her $-%ness s#ys %:e %r#-ns coll-ded, 5'% :e $#s 6#r #$#y, :e#rd #

cr#s: %:#% co'ld :#.e :#11ened else$:ere& Se.er#l o%:er $-%nesses s#y no cr#s:&


23/49


I6 %:ere -s # d-rec% con6l-c% o6 %es%-mony '1on # m#%%er o6 6#c%, %:#% -s 6or >'ry %o de%erm-ne,

re#rdless o6 o6 $-%nesses on e-%:er s-de& )'% no r#%-on#l %r-er o6 6#c% co'ld :#.e 6o'nd 6or P&

Im1oss-5le 6or $-%ness %o :#.e seen %:e cr#s:& No% eno': %:#% :e concl'des %:ere $#s # cr#s:&

C#n% re#son#5ly m#=e %:e -n6erence %:#% %:ere $#s # cr#s: 5#sed on %:-s %es%-mony&

c) Issues

/-6 %:ere -s # d-rec% con6l-c% #s %o # m#%%er o6 6#c%, >'ry dec-des/d-rec%ed .erd-c% s:o'ld 5e r#n%ed -6 no r#%-on#l %r-er o6 6#c% co'ld re%'rn # .erd-c% -n 6#.or o6 %:e

1#r%y o11os-n %:e mo%-on

/co'r% -s s'11osed %o loo= #% e.-dence P 1resen%ed %o de%erm-ne -6 :e me% :-s 5'rden o6

1rod'c%-on; 5'% %:ey $-ll #lso loo= #% #ll %:e e.-dence 1resen%ed; s:o'ld m#=e #ll 6#.or#5le,re#son#5le -n6erences 6or P

/co'r% NOT s'11osed %o $e-: %:e cred-5-l-%y or s%ren%: o6 %:e e.-dence; s'11osed %o s#y

$:e%:er r#%-on#l -n6erences c#n 5e dr#$n, no% c:oos-n 5%$ e'#lly .#l-d -n6erences

/-% -s 1oss-5le %o dr#$ r#%-on#l -n6erences 6rom %:ese 6#c%s %:#% %:ere $#s # cr#s:; co'r% :ere -s

1's:-n #% %:e l-ne 5%$ >'de #nd >'ry

/-6 $-%ness s#-d I $#s $#%c:-n $:ole %-me #nd s#$ %:e cr#s: #nd %:e o%:ers s%-ll s#-d no cr#s:,

%:#% s:o'ld o %o >'ry, e.en -6 %:ey #re 6#r more cred-5le $-%nesses 0eB? clery or n'ns4& In %:-s

c#se >'ry m's% dec-de $:o -s %ell-n %:e %r'%:; %:ey #ren% #s=ed %o m#=e %:e -n6erence 6rom $:#%

$-%ness s#$&

. "*):

/essen%-#lly # l#%e r'l-n on #n e#rl-er mo%-on 6or >'dmen% #s # m#%%er o6 l#$; %:ere MUST :#.e

5een # mo%-on 6or d-rec%ed .erd-c% 6-rs%

/r#n%ed $:en %:ere -s no e.-dence 6rom $:-c: r#%-on#l >'ror co'ld 6-nd -n %:#% 1#r%ys 6#.or

/$:y $o'ld %:-s :#11en J'de m#y #llo$ >'ry %o dec-de -n c#se :-s >ml e%s o.er%'rned on

#11e#l, s#.es eB1ense o6 ne$ %r-#l

D. $ranting 1ew !rial

1. -%(e 3A

/# ne$ %r-#l m#y 5e r#n%ed-n #n #c%-on -n $:-c: %:ere $#s %r-#l 5y >'ry, 6or #ny o6 %:e re#sons

6or $:-c: ne$ %r-#ls :#.e :ere%o6ore 5een r#n%ed -n #c%-ons #% l#$

/$:y $o'ld %:e dr#6%ers no% $#n% %o 5e %oo s1ec-6-c 57c o6 se.en%: #mendmen% re/eB#m-n#%-oncl#'se, $:-c: s#ys no 6#c% %r-ed 5y # >'ry s:#ll 5e o%:er$-se reeB#m-ned eBce1% #s #llo$ed 5y

common l#$

2. Feat%res

/c#n 5e r#n%ed on >'des o$n -n-%-#%-.e, or on mo%-on

/ro'nds? e.-den%-#ry #de'#cy 0no% eno': e.-dence %o s'11or% >'rys .erd-c%, ##-ns% %:e re#%

$e-:% o6 %:e e.-dence4 or 1rocess 0error4/NOT # 6-n#l >'dmen%, %:'s no% #11e#l#5le 0'nless m#de #s 1#r% o6 cond-%-on#l >no.4; sends c#se

%o # ne$ >'ry

/con%r#s% %o >'dmen% #s # m#%%er o6 l#$? m#de only on mo%-on, 5e6ore c#se s'5m-%%ed %o >'ry;

res'l%s -n 6-n#l >'dmen%

/ne$ %r-#l on d#m#es C#n #.o-d 's-n rem-%%-%'r 0ne$ %r-#l 'nless P %#=es less d#m#es4 or

#dd-%'r 0-ncre#se d#m#es4& )'% #dd-%'r .-ol#%es %: A 0no% #llo$ed -n 6ed co'r%, 5'% -n some

s%#%es4


24/49

. Lind and Peterson

/L-nd/>'ry 5el-e.es -ncred-5le s%ory, 5'% co'r% s#ys %r-#l >'de s:o'ld no% r#n% ne$ %r-#l >'s% 57c

>'de d-s#rees $7 %:e o'%come&

/Pe%erson/>'ry m-s'nders%#nds c:#re, #nd >'de 6-nds o'% #6%er .erd-c% -n >'ry -n%er.-e$& )'%

>'de c#n% r#n% ne$ %r-#l 57c >'rors c#n% %es%-6y #5o'% %:e-r %:o':%s or del-5er#%-ons $:-le

dec-d-n .erd-c% 0r'le o6 e.-dence !!4&

/r#%-on#le C#ses %:#% e% %o >'ry co'ld re#son#5ly come o'% e-%:er $#y&

#. "%ry Iss%es

/c#n% r#n% # ne$ %r-#l 57c >'de 6-nds o'% >'ry m-s'nders%ood %:e c:#re

/)'% CAN r#n% ne$ %r-#l 6or o'%s-de -n6l'ences on %:e >'ry& J'ror c#n %es%-6y #5o'% %:#%&

/>'ror $:o does o$n -n.es%-#%-on #nd %ells >'ry? cle#rly -n#11ro1r-#%e o'%s-de -n6l'ence/>'ror $:o :#11ens %o =no$ #5o'% %:e s'5>ec% #nd %ells >'ry? 1ro5#5ly o=; l#$yers s:o'ld :#.e

screened %:-s 1erson more c#re6'lly, #nd >'rors #re s'11osed %o 5r-n %:e-r =no$lede #nd

eB1er-ence %o %:e dec-s-on

:II.Former dB%dication

A. Res /udicata' (ssues

/# common l#$ doc%r-ne

/'s'#lly #n #66-rm#%-.e de6ense; 's'#lly m's% 5e #ssessed on s'mm#ry >'dmen% 0D m's% s'5m-%

e.-dence o6 1re.-o's s'-%4

/con%r#s% 1receden%/1receden% -s r'les o6 l#$ #11l-ed #cross d-66eren% c#ses; res >'d-c#%# #11l-es %o

s1ec-6-c 1#r%-es #nd 6#c%s? %:e s#me cl#-m or -ss'e

/r#%-on#le Un6#-r %o de6end#n%s %o %ry c#se ##-n; 6-n#l-%y, e66-c-ency #nd cons-s%ency

/%:e 1recl's-.e l#$ o6 %:e co'r% render-n %:e >'dmen% #11l-es; eBce1%-on? 6eder#l d-.ers-%y

#c%-ons, $:ere sco1e o6 >'dmen% -s %:e s#me %:#% # s%#%e co'r% $o'ld :#.e -.en -%

/rel#%-on %o >o-nder/5ro#d >o-nder o6 cl#-ms me#ns %:#% 1recl's-on -s 5ro#d& In old d#ys >o-nder

$#s l-m-%ed, so 1recl's-on $#s #lso n#rro$ 0#lso code 1le#d-n, 6oc's-n more on le#l %:eory,

m-:% s'es% n#rro$er 1recl's-on4

B. Claim Preclusion

1. Frier v. :anda(ia

a) Facts

P 1#r=ed -lle#lly, c#r %o$ed& P 6-led s'-% 6or re1le.-n #nd los%& T:en s'ed c-%y 6or den-#l o6 d'e

1rocess& Second s'-% 1recl'ded


M's% #11ly 1recl's-on l#$ o6 co'r% %:#% rendered %:e >'dmen%& P d-d no% l-%-#%e %:e d'e 1rocess

cl#-m -n %:e 6-rs% s'-%& )'%, P co'ld :#.e r#-sed %:-s -n 6-rs% s'-%, #nd %:-s cl#-m #r-ses 6rom %:e

s#me %r#ns#c%-on or occ'rrence&

c) Issues

/P m's% :#.e o11or%'n-%y %o 5r-n %:e cl#-m -n 6-rs% s'-%; o%:er$-se no 1recl's-on& For eB#m1le, -6

co'r% #llo$s only l-m-%ed cl#-ms or remed-es&/5'% e.en -6 #no%:er 1erson :#d o11or%'n-%y %o >o-n %:e 6-rs% s'-%, %:ey do no% :#.e %o, #nd #ren%

1recl'ded 6rom 5r-n-n o$n cl#-m


25/49

/T:ere m's% 5e some s-n-6-c#n% rel#%-on %o %:e 6-rs% s'-%& Poss-5le #11ro#c:es 6or s#me cl#-m?

only cl#-ms $:-c: $ere #c%'#lly l-%-#%ed; #ny 1oss-5le cl#-m %:e %$o 1#r%-es :#.e ##-ns% e#c:

o%:er; 's-n s#me e.-dence76#c%s; #r-s-n o'% o6 s#me %r#ns#c%-on or occ'rrence 06eder#l co'r%s 'se

%r#ns#c%-on r'le4

/remem5er, some%:-n %:#% seems l-=e # d-66eren% %r#ns#c%-on co'ld #c%'#lly 5e %:e s#me, -6 %:ey#re rec:#r#c%er-ed #s rel#%ed

/-m1or%#nce %o 1rel-m-n#ry -n.es%-#%-on/m#=e s're %:-s -sn% rel#%ed %o %:e s#me %r#ns#c%-on #s1re.-o's cl#-m; #lso m's% -n.es%-#%e #ll rel#%ed 6#c%s %o dec-de -6 %:ere #re o%:er cl#-ms %o m#=e

-n %:-s c#se

/remem5er, only c#n 1recl'de cl#-ms %:#% $ere .#l-d cl#-ms #% %:e %-me o6 %:e 6-rs% s'-%

2. -e(ation to -%(es

/R'le 0e4/s#ys 1#r%y m#y s%#%e #ny se1#r#%e cl#-ms or de6enses %:e 1#r%y :#s re#rdless o6

cons-s%ency; doesn% re'-re %:#% 1#r%y s%#%e #ny cl#-ms #r-s-n o'% o6 s#me occ'rrence& K:#% -6 -%

s#-d 1#r%y MUST s%#%e cl#-ms #r-s-n o'% o6 s#me %r#ns#c%-on Ko'ld %:-s #dd-%-on c:#ne %:e

l#$ No& Res >'d-c#%# -s common l#$, #nd s'11lemen%s %:e R'les

/rel#%-on %o R'les/-6 yo' c:#ne r'les #5o'% #mendmen%s, yo' m#y need %o lessen cl#-m

1recl's-on %o 5e 6#-r& Ke 1'% mos% 6oc's on d-sco.ery, #nd %:#% $-ll l-=ely re.e#l rel#%ed cl#-ms&

)UT, -6 l#$yer #s=ed 6or #mendmen% #nd $#s den-ed, %:#% doesn% me#n %:ere $#s no o11or%'n-%y/R'le 32/>'de c#n s1l-% 1#r%s o6 # com1l#-n% 6or %r-#l; %:-s r'le co'ld 5e res1onse %o %:e -ncen%-.e

6or 1l#-n%-66 %o 1'% e.ery%:-n %:ey c#n -n%o %:e 1le#d-ns

/R'le 8@/# 1le#d-n m's% s%#%e #s # co'n%ercl#-m #ny cl#-m ##-ns% %:e o11os-n 1#r%y %:#% -srel#%ed %o s#me %r#ns#c%-on %:#% -s s'5>ec% m#%%er o6 o11os-n 1#r%ys cl#-m; o%:er$-se -% $-ll 5e

$#-.ed

. Martino v. McDona(d

a) Facts

P :#d 6r#nc:-se $7 D, D s#ys P 5re#c:ed con%r#c%& T:ey se%%led; consen% decree en%ered& L#%er P

s'ed McD, s#y-n con%r#c% cl#'se .-ol#%ed #n%-%r's% l#$&


R'le 8@# doesn% 1recl'de cl#-m, 57c %:ere $#s no 1le#d-n& )'% common l#$ com1'lsory

co'n%ercl#-ms r'le does& Ne$ cl#-m 1recl'ded $:en -% :#d %o :#.e 5een 5ro':% #s co'n%ercl#-m

-n 1#s% #c%-on, #nd $o'ld :#.e 5een # de6ense 0s#me %r#ns#c%-on4, #nd $o'ld 'nderm-ne -n%er-%y

o6 %:e 6-rs% dec-s-on&

c) Issues

/Gso cl#-m 1recl's-on #11l-es %o co'n%ercl#-ms #s $ell, -6 %:ey #re com1'lsory, or rel-%-#%-on

$o'ld n'll-6y r-:%s es%#5l-s:ed -n %:e 6-rs% #c%-on

/$:#% -6 6-rs% s'-% se%%led $7o consen% decree; %:ere $o'ld 5e no cl#-m 1recl's-on, 5'% %:ere $o'ld

s%-ll 5e #ccord #nd s#%-s6#c%-on/l-%-#%-on sys%em -s .ery concerned #5o'% cons-s%ency 5%$ %$o 1#r%-es; less so #5o'% cons-s%ency

5%$ d-66eren% s'-%s -n.ol.-n d-66eren% 1#r%-es 01receden% c#n 5e o.er%'rned4

/GRes% o6 J'dmen%s/6#-l-n %o s%#%e co'n%ercl#-m doesn% $#-.e 5r-n-n %:#% cl#-m l#%er, eBce1%?

-6 re'-red 5y com1'lsory cl#-m s%#%'%e or r'le; or %:e rel#%-ons:-1 5%$ %:e co'n%ercl#-m #nd

1l#-n%-66s cl#-m -s s'c: %:#% s'ccess6'l 1rosec'%-on o6 #c%-on $o'ld n'll-6y %:e -n-%-#l #c%-on or

-m1#-r r-:%s es%#5l-s:ed -n %:e -n-%-#l #c%-on


26/49

#. Sear(e v. Sear(e $rothers

a) Facts

In 6-rs% s'-% mom s'ed d#d 6or d-.orce& Sons %es%-6-ed %:#% %:ey s:#red 1ro1er%y $7 d#d -n

1#r%ners:-1; co'r% 6o'nd -% 5eloned %o d#d, #nd #.e %o mom& No$ sons s'-n mom&


Us'#lly no 1recl's-on 6or 1ersons no% # 1#r%y %o 6-rs% s'-%& Pr-.-%y -s eBce1%-on& Sons d-dn% :#.e

c:#nce %o >o-n 6-rs% s'-%; 5'% %:ey $ere closely -n.ol.ed $7 %:e s'-% #nd %es%-6-ed& )'% co'r% s#ys no

1recl's-on, 57c sons $ere no% -n 1r-.-%y $7 6#%:er&

c) Issues

/1r-.-%y me#ns one 1#r%y -s so -den%-6-ed -n -n%eres% $7 #no%:er %:#% :e re1resen%s %:e s#me le#l

r-:% 0m#y 5e ones -ns'r#nce com1#ny, s'ccess-.e o$ners o6 1ro1er%y4/1ro5lem -s, -6 mom loses no$ s:e $-ll 5e 1recl'ded 6rom %ry-n %o e% more 1ro1er%y 6rom

:'s5#nd& K:#% co'ld l#$yer :#.e done -6 :e 6ores#$ %:-s -ss'e Co'ld #s= 6or con%-n'#nce, #nd

see= decl#r#%ory >'dmen% 0'-e% %-%le4 $:ere d#d #nd sons c#n 5e 1#r%-es

/5'% remem5er, >'s% 5ec#'se # 1erson c#n >o-n # s'-% doesn% me#n %:ey :#.e %o; -6 no% 1#r%-es #ndno% -n 1r-.-%y, no 1recl's-on

3. -ichards v. "efferson Co%nty

a) Facts

In 6-rs% c#se 1l#-n%-66s s'ed c-%y 5#sed on le#l-%y o6 ne$ %#B& P loses& T:en #no%:er c-%-en s'es 6or

s#me re#son&


No 1recl's-on 57c P $#s no% 1#r%y %o 6-rs% s'-%, #nd no% -n 1r-.-%y& P :#d no no%-ce %:#% %:e 1r-or s'-%

co'ld concl's-.ely resol.e :-s r-:%s, #nd d'e 1rocess re'-res %:#% # 1erson 5e -n6ormed %:#% #

m#%%er -s 1end-n so :e c#n c:oose %o >o-n or no%&

c) Issues

/cl#ss #c%-on -s d-66eren%/%:#% $o'ld es%#5l-s: %:e r-:%s 6or #ll 1eo1le -n 1l#-n%-66 cl#ss, e.en -6

%:ey d-dn% =no$ #5o'% %r-#l& )'% co'ld #r'e %:ey $eren% #de'#%ely re1resen%ed

/5'% P s%-ll m's% con%end $7 1receden%

/%:ere m#y 5e #n eB1ress #reemen% 5y # 1erson %:#% %:ey 5e 5o'nd 5y %:e l-%-#%-on, %:o': no% #

1#r%y

/.-r%'#l re1resen%#%-on/some%-mes $:en 1#r%-es #re .ery -n.ol.ed -n %:e s'-%, m#y5e 6-n#nce -% #nd

%es%-6y, co'r% m#y %:-n= %:e-r -n%eres%s $ere #lre#dy re1resen%ed #nd %:ey #re 1recl'ded 0cl#ss

#c%-on -ncl'ded -n %:-s c#%eory4

C. 2hich /udgments Preclude Claims0

1. Fina( "%dgment

/'s'#lly %:ere m's% 5e 6-n#l >'dmen%; -n mos% s%#%es # >'dmen% -s 6-n#l %:o': #n #11e#l -s

1end-n, 5'% some :#.e d-66eren% r'les/some =-nds o6 #dm-n-s%r#%-.e de%erm-n#%-ons #re no% 6-n#l >'dmen%s 6or %:ese 1'r1oses #nd :#.e

no cl#-m 1recl's-.e e66ec%


27/49

2. "%dgment on Merits

/6'll %r-#l #nd .erd-c%, d-rec%ed .erd-c%, s'mm#ry >'dmen% cle#rly :#.e 1recl's-.e e66ec% 57c %:ese

#re >'dmen%s on mer-%s

/d-sm-ss#l 6or no >'r-sd-c%-on/no% # >'dmen% on %:e mer-%s& R'le 38 s#ys #ny -n.ol'n%#ry

d-sm-ss#l, eBce1% 6or >'r-sd-c%-on, .en'e, or 6#-l're %o >o-n 1#r%y, #re >'dmen%s on mer-%s&

/d-sm-ss#l 6or 6#-l're %o com1ly $7 d-sco.ery/no% # >'dmen% on s'5s%#n%-.e mer-%s, 5'% no% -.-n

-% 1recl's-.e e66ec% $o'ld -.e 1#r%y #no%:er c:#nce& Ko'ld 'nderm-ne e66ec% o6 s#nc%-ons

/d-sm-ss#l on 825! mo%-on/1recl's-.e e66ec% -n 6eder#l co'r%s, 5'% no% #ll s%#%e co'r%s :#.e s#me

r'le& I% re6lec%s mer-%s o6 c#se, #nd #lmos% #l$#ys P :#s c:#nce %o #mend; 5'% -% occ'rs #%5e-nn-n o6 %r-#l $:en D :#s -n.es%ed .ery l-%%le&

/remem5er Sem%e= r'le/$o'ld # 825! d-sm-ss#l 5y 6ed d-.ers-%y co'r% :#.e 1recl's-.e e66ec% -6

s%#%e doesn% -.e 1recl's-.e e66ec% %o 825! Pro5#5ly, no% cle#r -6 -% $o'ld 5e -ncons-s%en% $7

6eder#l -n%eres%s or no%

. +arga((o

a) Facts

F-rs% s'-%? 5ro=er s'ed * 6or 'n1#-d de5%& * co'n%ercl#-med 6or 6eder#l sec'r-%-es 6r#'d& * los% 6or6#-l're %o com1ly $7 d-sco.ery& )'% s%#%e co'r% d-dn% :#.e >'r-sd-c%-on o.er sec'r-%-es l#$& * s'es

##-n -n 6eder#l co'r%&


Feder#l co'r% m's% -.e s%#%e co'r% >'dmen% %:e s#me 1recl's-.e e66ec% %:#% >'dmen% $o'ld :#.e

-n # s%#%e co'r%& S%#%e $o'ld 1recl'de 5#sed on %:-s >'dmen%& )'% s-nce %:-s s%#%e $o'ldn% -.e

1recl's-.e e66ec% %o >'dmen% $7o >'r-sd-c%-on, %:en no 1recl's-on&

c) Issues

/5'% -6 %:e s%#%e DID -.e 1recl's-.e e66ec% $:ere %:e co'r% l#c=ed SMJ, %:#% $o'ld :#.e

1recl's-.e e66ec%, e.en %:o':% s%#%e co'r% :#d no >'r-sd

/-n CA, (e-d#% c#se dec-ded %:ere -s no 1recl's-.e e66ec% %o # 825! d-sm-ss#l 0eBce1% 6or s#mecl#-m 5#sed on s#me 6#c%s4& )'% %:-s -s >'s% 1receden%; -% co'ld c:#ne&

#. Semte&

/Er-e RR dec-ded %:#% $:en 6eder#l co'r%s s-% -n d-.ers-%y c#ses, %:ey m's% #11ly rele.#n% s%#%e

l#$s

/Sem%e= s#ys %:#% sco1e o6 # 6eder#l co'r% >'dmen% -n # d-.ers-%y c#se s:o'ld 5e %:e s#me #s -%

$o'ld :#.e :#d %:e c#se 5een #d>'d-c#%ed -n s%#%e co'r%& So, -6 # CA co'r% $o'ld :#.e d-sm-ssed

%:e cl#-m 5'% $o'ld :#.e le6% o%:er s%#%es 6ree %o #11ly %:e-r o$n d-66eren% r'les, s#me res'l% $:enc#se 5ro':% -n d-.ers-%y&

/5'%, %:e 6eder#l re6erence %o s%#%e l#$ $-ll no% o5%#-n $:en s%#%e l#$ -s -ncom1#%-5le $7 6eder#l

-n%eres%s& EB? -6 s%#%e l#$ d-d no% -.e 1recl's-.e e66ec% %o d-sm-ss#l 6or d-sco.ery #5'se, 6eder#l

co'r% m#y s%-ll 1recl'de %o 1reser.e -n%er-%y o6 6eder#l d-sco.ery s#nc%-ons

D. (ssue Preclusion

1. $(ac& Letter La,

a) Same Issue

/%:e s#me l#$ m's% #11ly; -6 %$o c#ses 'se d-66eren% s%#nd#rd %o e.#l'#%e 6#c%s, no% %:e s#me -ss'e


28/49

/5'rden o6 1roo6 -s #lso -m1or%#n%/cr-m-n#l #nd c-.-l %r-#l co'ld 5e o.er s#me -ss'e, 5'%

d-66eren% 5'rden m#y or m#y no% #llo$ -ss'e 1recl's-on& I6 D con.-c%ed cr-m-n#lly, %:#% $-ll

1recl'de c-.-l -ss'e 0lo$er 5'rden4& I6 D #c'-%%ed, no% 1recl'ded 6or c-.-l

b) Adequate Incentive and Opportunity to Litigate

/-6 6-rs% s'-% $#s 6or sm#ll #mo'n% o6 d#m#es, or no% .ery se.ere loss, %:en D $on% :#.e s#me

-ncen%-.e %o l-%-#%e

/#lso m's% :#.e s#me 1roced'r#l o11or%'n-%-es, or no less/'s'#lly m's% :#.e o11or%'n-%y 6or #11e#l or re.-e$ o6 >'dmen%

c) Actually Litigated and Determined

/-6 6-rs% s'-% $#s d-sm-ssed 6or d-sco.ery #5'ses, 6or eB#m1le, -ss'es #5o'% %:e s'5s%#n%-.e mer-%s

#re no% 1recl'ded

/5'%, # 1#r%y $:o del-5er#%ely 1re.en%s resol'%-on o6 6#c%'#l -ss'es %:ro': norm#l #d>'d-c#%-on

m#y 5e 5o'nd 5y %:e 6-rs% >'dmen% e.en -6 -% $#s ne.er 6'lly dec-ded 06or eB#m1le -6 1erson

=no$-nly de6#'l%s4& Ac%'#l l-%-#%-on -s s#%-s6-ed $:en 1#r%y -s -.en # re#son#5le o11or%'n-%y

%o de6end sel6 on %:e mer-%s #nd c:ooses no% %o

d) ssential to !udgment

/-6 co'r% r'les on #l%ern#%-.e ro'nds, Res% o6 J'dmen%s s#ys ne-%:er :#.e 1recl's-.e e66ec%& )'%

-6 #11e#l dec-des on e-%:er or 5o%:, %:#% :#s 1recl's-.e e66ec%&

/o6%en no% s're $:e%:er some%:-n $#s essen%-#l -n # ener#l >'ry .erd-c%, so no 1recl's-on 0P#r=s4

e) "#at Parties

/common l#$ #nd -n some s%#%es/-ss'es only 1recl'ded 5%$ %:e s#me 1#r%-es; %od#y m'%'#l-%y no%

re'-red& Only %:e .-c%-m o6 1recl's-on m's% :#.e # 6'll #nd 6#-r o11or%'n-%y %o l-%-#%e

/$:en c#n non/1#r%y no% #sser% 1recl's-on K:en 1#r%y co'ld :#.e >o-ned 6-rs% s'-%, or o%:er$-se

'n6#-r %o D 0P#r=l#ne4

/m#y 5e 'n6#-r %o 1recl'de # 1#r%y -6 %:ere #re 1r-or -ncons-s%en% >'dmen%s on %:e s#me -ss'e

0Cen%'ry Home4

2. I((inois -- v. Par&s

a) Facts

H #nd K s'ed RR -n 6-rs% #c%-on; K $on, H los%& T:en H s'ed RR 6rom d-66eren% d#m#es& RR

%:-n=s 6-rs% %r-#l 1recl'des -ss'e o6 Hs con%r-5'%ory nel-ence, s-nce :e los%&


J'ry co'ld :#.e 5#sed .erd-c% on con%r-5'%ory nel-ence OR no d#m#es& No $#y %o =no$, so

no% 1recl'ded&

c) Issues

/:o$ $o'ld $e =no$ :o$ %:e >'ry dec-ded S1ec-#l .erd-c%/#l%ern#%-.e ro'nds/$:y %re#% %:ese d-66eren%ly 6rom re'l#r 1recl's-on C#n% 5e s're %:#% e#c:

$#s s'66-c-en%ly dec-ded& No% #ll co'r%s 6ollo$ %:-s r'le&

/d-sm-ss#l on >'r-sd-c%-on doesn% 1recl'de cl#-m& )'% -% does 1recl'de %:#% -ss'e o6 >'r-sd-c%-on -n

6'%'re c#se& For eB#m1le, dec-s-on on 1erson#l >'r-sd -n 6eder#l co'r% -s 5-nd-n -n s%#%e co'r% o6

s#me s%#%e&


29/49

. Par&(ane

a) Facts

F-rs% s'-%? SEC .& P#r=l#ne 6or m-sle#d-n 1roBy s%#%emen%& SEC $-ns& T:en S:#re:older .&

P#r=l#ne, P $#n%s %o 1recl'de -ss'e o6 m-sle#d-n 1roBy&


No more re'-remen% o6 m'%'#l-%y&

/de6ens-.e -ss'e 1recl's-on? $:en %:e 1l#-n%-66 $#s # 1#r%y %o %:e 6-rs% s'-%, $:ere s:e los%, #nd

%:en -s s'-n # d-66eren% de6end#n% on %:e s#me -ss'e& D c#n 'se 1recl's-on :ere, 57c -% -.es

1l#-n%-66 -ncen%-.e %o >o-n #ll de6end#n%s %o %:e 6-rs% s'-% $:-c: -s more e66-c-en%/o66ens-.e/P 's-n 1#s% s'-% %o 1recl'de D 6rom l-%-#%-n -ss'e& no% o= 6or P %o $#-% #nd see

$:#% :#11ens -n 6-rs% c#se& So -6 P co'ld :#.e >o-ned, m#y no% #llo$ 1recl's-on& P :ere :#d no

c:#nce %o >o-n 6-rs% s'-%&

/K:ere P co'ld :#.e e#s-ly >o-ned -n %:e e#rl-er #c%-on, or $:ere #11l-c#%-on o6 -ss'e 1recl's-on$o'ld 5e 'n6#-r %o D, %r-#l >'de s:o'ld no% #llo$ 'se o6 -ss'e 1recl's-on& Re#sons $:y 'n6#-r %o

de6end#n%? D d-dn% :#.e s#me -ncen%-.e %o l-%-#%e %:e 6-rs% c#se; d-66eren% 1roced'r#l

o11or%'n-%-es

c) Issues

/some s%#%es s%-ll re'-re m'%'#l-%y 01recl's-on only 6or c#ses $-%: s#me 1#r%-es4& Cr-%-c-ed 57c -%

doesn% recon-e %:e d-66erence 5%$ 1#r%y $:o ne.er l-%-#%ed #n -ss'e #nd # 1#r%y $:o :#d #

c:#nce 5'% los%

/c#n% 5'rden # 1erson $7 1recl's-on $:o $#sn% # 1#r%y %o or--n#l s'-%; .-ol#%es d'e 1rocess&

T:-s c#se de#ls $7 $:en %:e 5'rdened 1#r%y $#s -n 6-rs% s'-%, 5'% o11os-n 1#r%y $#s no%&

/)7c o6 o66ens-.e 1recl's-on, Ds m#y :#.e -ncen%-.e %o se%%le -6 %:ere m#y 5e 6'%'re s'-%s -ns%e#d

o6 #llo$-n 6-n#l >'dmen% 01#r%-#l s'mm#ry >'dmen% no% 6-n#l >'dmen%4

/no -ss'e 1recl's-on -6 1r-nc-1#l $#s #c'-%%ed 6or %:e #ccom1l-ces %r-#l

/nonm'%'#l -ss'e 1recl's-on does no% #11ly %o 6eder#l o.ernmen%& M's% 5e %:e s#me 1#r%-es&

K:y Poss-5le %:#% # cons%-%'%-on#l -ss'e, dec-ded -n # s'-% ##-ns% o.%, $o'ld 5e %:en dec-ded6ore.er& I% $o'ld 5e s'1er 1receden% %:#% e.en s'1reme co'r% co'ldn% o.er%'rn

/-6 1roced're -s d-66eren%, 5e s're %o #s= $:e%:er %:#% re#lly m#=es # d-66erence& I6 6-rs% #dm-n:e#r-n d-dn% #llo$ d-sco.ery, d-d $e re#lly need d-sco.ery, or d-d %:e 1recl'ded 1#r%y :#.e #ll

%:e -n6o

#. Cent%ry Home

a) Facts

Se.er#l Ps s'ed D 6or 6-re d#m#e& Some .erd-c%s 6or Ps, one 6or D& Ne$ P $#n%s %o 'se -ss'e

1recl's-on 6or %:e c#ses $:ere D los%&

b) Rules and Reasoning/$:ere %:ere #re -ncons-s%en% :old-ns on %:e -ss'e so':% %o 5e 1recl'ded, %:en -% $o'ld 5e 'n6#-r

%o 1recl'de de6end#n%s 6rom re/l-%-#%-n %:e -ss'e o6 l-#5-l-%y

/o%:er %-mes no% %o 1recl'de? $:en %:e 1r-or de%erm-n#%-on -s m#n-6es%ly erroneo's, or %:ere -s

ne$ly d-sco.ered or cr'c-#l e.-dence %:#% $#sn% #.#-l#5le -n %:e l#s% c#se


30/49

c) Issues

/R'le 32 #llo$s consol-d#%-on o6 #c%-ons, or >o-n% :e#r-n or %r-#l o6 #ny or #ll m#%%ers -n -ss'e -n

%:e #c%-ons& So -6 yo' see %:-s com-n, >'de m-:% 5e #5le %o 1re.en% -ncons-s%en% r'l-ns&

/%:-s #lso m-:% resol.e -%sel6 5y 6orm-n # 1#%%ern, $:ere D c#n se%%le 5#sed on %:e l-=ely

o'%come 5#sed on %:e 1#s% c#ses

/Res% o6 J'dmen%s/1#r%y -s 1recl'ded 6rom re/l-%-#%-n #n -ss'e $7 #no%:er 1#r%y 'nless :e

l#c=ed 6'll #nd 6#-r o11or%'n-%y -n 6-rs% #c%-on or o%:er c-rc'ms%#nces -ncl'd-n? 1roced'r#l

d-66erences, ne$ 1#r%y co'ld :#.e >o-ned 6-rs% #c%-on, de%erm-n#%-on -s -ncons-s%en% $7 #no%:er o6

s#me -ss'e, $o'ld 6oreclose o11or%'n-%y %o recons-der -ss'e o6 l#$ e%c

E. Limits to Preclusion

1. C(aim

/Res% o6 J'dmen%s s'es%s re#sons %o no% #11ly cl#-m 1recl's-on? 1#r%-es :#.e eB1ressly or

-m1l-c-%ly #reed %o #llo$ cl#-m s1l-%%-n; co'r% -n 6-rs% #c%-on reser.ed Ps r-:% %o 5r-n second#c%-on; >'r-sd-c%-on#l l-m-%s 1re.en%ed P 6rom see=-n cer%#-n 6orms o6 rel-e6 no$ so':%

/o%:er 1oss-5le re#sons? 6-rs% >'dmen% 1l#-nly -ncons-s%en% $7 s%#%'%ory or cons%-%'%-on#l sc:eme

0s'c: #s -n%er1re%#%-on o6 s%#%'%ory or cons%-%'%-on#l l#$ :#s c:#ned4; c#se -n.ol.es rec'rren%$ron #nd P -.en o1%-on %o s'e 1er-od-c#lly; o%:er eB%r#ord-n#ry re#son 6or o.ercom-n 1ol-cy

6#.or-n 1recl's-on

2. Iss%e Prec(%sion e9ceptions

/1#r%y co'ld no%, #s m#%%er o6 l#$, o5%#-n re.-e$ o6 -n-%-#l #c%-on 0%:'s >'d-c-#l re.-e$ m's% 5e

#.#-l#5le 6or 6-rs% %o :#.e 1recl's-.e e66ec%4;

/-ss'e -s one o6 l#$, #nd %:e %$o #c%-ons -n.ol.e s'5s%#n%-#lly 'nrel#%ed cl#-ms or %:ere $#s

-n%er.en-n c:#ne -n #11l-c#5le le#l con%eB%

/d-66erence -n 1roced'res or 6#c%ors rel#%-n %o #lloc#%-on o6 >'r-sd-c%-on

/#c%-ons -n sm#ll cl#-ms or %r#66-c co'r%s don% :#.e 1recl's-.e e66ec%

/5'rden o6 1roo6 or -ncen%-.e d-66erences

. La, of the Case

/6'nc%-ons $7-n # s-nle c#se %o 1re.en% rel-%-#%-on o6 dec-ded 1o-n%s o6 l#$& P#r%-es e% one

c:#nce #% #11e#l, #nd c#n% #r'e o.er %:#% 1o-n% o6 l#$ ##-n %o %:e lo$er co'r% on rem#nd

#. "%dicia( !stoppe(

/$:en 1#r%y :#s %#=en # s$orn 1os-%-on o6 6#c% -n 1r-or 1reced-n, #nd 5ene6-%ed 6rom %:#% 1os-%-on

5y rece-.-n >'dmen% or o%:er #$#rd, no$ see=s %o %#=e # d-66er-n 1os-%-on %o $-n # >'dmen%

%:#% $o'ld 5e -ncons-s%en% $7 %:e 1r-or 1os-%-on//no% #llo$ed/con%r#s% -ss'e 1recl's-on/%:ere, %:e 5'rdened 1#r%y los% 1re.-o's s'-%& Here 5'rdened 1#r%y $on

5e6ore

/some %ens-ons $7 R'le 0e4024 $:-c: s#ys 1#r%y c#n s%#%e cl#-ms re#rdless o6 cons-s%ency, 5'%

%:#% r'le re6lec%s %:e -m1or%#nce o6 d-sco.ery %o re.e#l %:e 6#c%s& J'd-c-#l es%o11el #11l-es %os$orn 1os-%-ons, no% 1le#d-ns


31/49

F. Full Faith and Credit

1. $et,een States

/Ar%-cle I+ o6 Cons%-%'%-on s#ys %:#% s%#%es m's% -.e 6'll 6#-%: #nd cred-% %o >'dmen%s o6 o%:er

s%#%es& So -6 one s%#%e m#=es # >'dmen%, #no%:er s%#%e -s 1recl'ded 6rom re/l-%-#%-n %:#%& A

>'dmen% -n #ny s%#%e :#s n#%-on/$-de .#l-d-%y

2. $t, State and Federa(

/F'll F#-%: #nd Cred-% Ac% m#=es %:e s#me r'le 5%$ 6eder#l #nd s%#%e

/%:e second co'r% m's% -.e s#me e66ec% %o %:e >'dmen% %:#% render-n co'r% $o'ld #%%#c: %o -%;

correc%ness -rrele.#n%, -6 %:e 'es%-on :#d 5een 6'lly #nd 6#-rly l-%-#%ed #nd dec-ded -n %:e 6-rs%#c%-on 0so -6 'es%-on o6 >'r-sd-c%-on :#d no% 5een 6'lly l-%-#%ed, o6%en no% 1recl'ded4

. Co((atera( ttac& on "%risdiction

/>'r-sd-c%-on -ss'e 1recl'ded -6 6'lly l-%-#%ed, e.en -6 -ncorrec%

/5'% $:#% #5o'% $#-.er -6 1#r%y d-dn% r#-se >'r-sd-c%-on#l de6ense

/1erson#l >'r-s? 'nno%-6-ed 1#r%y, o.er $:om co'r% l#c=s 1erson#l >'r-sd-c%-on, m#y c:#llene

>'dmen%& P#r%y $:o #11e#rs #nd con%es%s 1erson#l >'r-sd-c%-on -s 5o'nd 5y co'r%s r'l-n& P#r%y$:o #11e#rs #nd 6#-ls %o con%es% 1erson#l >'r-s :#s $#-.ed %:e-r r-:% %o o5>ec%&

/P#r%y $:o #11e#rs #nd l-%-#%es c:#llenes %o s'5>ec% m#%%er >'r-sd-c%-on -s 5o'nd 5y r'l-n& No%

cle#r #5o'% o%:er s-%'#%-ons& )'%, c#n% coll#%er#lly #%%#c= s'5>ec% m#%%er >'r-sd-c%-on 6or 6#-l're o6

d-.ers-%y&

/s%#%es c#n decl#re o$n >'dmen%s .o-d 6or 6#-l're o6 s'5>ec% m#%%er >

/1#r%y c#n coll#%er#lly #%%#c= >'dmen% -n #no%:er s%#%e 5y s:o$-n 6r#'d

/#ll o%:er -ss'es, 5es-des >'r-sd-c%-on, m's% 5e r#-sed #nd #11e#led -n 6-rs% #c%-on& C#n% r#-se #ny

o%:er -ss'e on coll#%er#l #%%#c= 0eBce1% -n cl#ss #c%-ons o.er #de'#%e re1resen%#%-on4

/6#-r %o #llo$ D %o de6#'l% #nd r#-se -ss'e, 5'% $#-.e -% -6 :e #11e#rs Ide# %:#% D m#y no% :#.e

:#d no%-ce -6 :e d-dn% #11e#r, #lso 1#r%-es d-dn% -n.es% m'c: -n s'-% ye%

#. D%rfee/-6 D #11e#rs #nd %:e co'r% 6'lly l-%-#%es #nd dec-des >'r-sd-c%-on, %:#% 1recl'des coll#%er#l #%%#c=

on >'r-sd-c%-on& )'% -6 D :#s no no%-ce #nd doesn% #11e#r, :e m#y c:#llene 1erson#l >'r-s on

coll#%er#l #%%#c=&

$. Reopened /udgments

1. -%(e 78506

/m's% mo.e %o reo1en >'dmen% -n %:e s#me co'r% %:#% :e#rd %:e 6-rs% c#se, #sser%-n %:#% some

6'nd#men%#l de6ec% >'s%-6-es se%%-n >'dmen% #s-de

/.ery l-m-%ed c-rc'ms%#nces 6or reo1en-n >'dmen%s $7-n re#son#5le #mo'n% o6 %-me s'c: #s?

ne$ e.-dence %:#% d'e d-l-ence co'ld no% :#.e re.e#led -n %-me, m-s%#=e, 6r#'d 5y o11os-n

1#r%y 0some $7 one ye#r s%#% o6 l-m-%s4; #lso #llo$s -nde1enden% #c%-on %o reo1en >'dmen%0reser.ed 6or c#ses $7 -n>'s%-ce deemed ross eno': %o dem#nd de1#r%'re 6rom r--d #d:erence

%o res >'d-c#%#4& T:-s -s NOT # s'5s%-%'%e 6or #11e#l

/e#s-er %o e% co'r% %o reo1en # de6#'l% >'dmen%, s-nce 1#r%y ne.er :#d # 6#-r s:o%& Some #d.-se

l#$yers no% %o %#=e de6#'l% >'dmen% 'nless no o%:er c:o-ce&


32/49

:III. Persona( "%risdiction

A. Foundations

1. Pennoyer v. *eff

a) Facts

M-%c:ell s'ed Ne66, Ne66 d-dn% #11e#r& M $on, #nd co'r% sold Ns 1ro1er%y %o P& No$ N -s

c:#llen-n %:e >'r-sd-c%-on o6 %:e 6-rs% co'r% %o en%er >'dmen% ##-ns% :-m& 0%:-s cl#-m $o'ld

:#.e 5een 1recl'ded -6 N #11e#red #nd l-%-#%ed %:e -ss'e4&


E#c: s%#%e -s so.ere-n, 5'% %:ere m's% 5e l-m-%s %o FFC& One s%#%e c#n% 5-nd #no%:er $7o l-m-% on

%:e-r 1o$er& T$o $#ys s%#%es c#n e% 1erson#l >'r-s 'nder DPC? -n 1erson#m/1erson#lly ser.e %:e

D -n %:e s%#%e; or -n rem/ se-e7#%%#c: Ds 1ro1er%y $7-n %:e s%#%e 5e6ore %:e s'-% 0#nd s'5s%-%'%e

ser.-ce o= %:en4& D-dn% do %:#% :ere, so no >'r-s&

c) Issues

/:ole -n F'll F#-%: #nd Cred-%/'nder some c-rc'ms%#nces -% doesn% #11ly %o >'dmen%s $:en co'r%

:#d no >'r-sd-c%-on, 5'% only -6 D d-dn% #11e#r #nd l-%-#%e %:e -ss'e& I6 D #11e#red #nd d-dn%

r#-se >'r-s, D $#-.ed r-:% %o o5>ec%&

/1erson#l >'r-sd -s # l-m-% on 6'll 6#-%: #nd cred-%

/no%-ce/-n some $#y #5o'% no%-ce #nd 6#-rness %o D; #ss'm1%-on %:#% D $-ll =no$ -6 :-s 1ro1er%y

-s se-ed& )'% #lso :#s %o do $7 -nd-.-d'#l s%#%e so.ere-n%y; c#n% ser.e D o'% o6 s%#%e& T:e D

m's% :#.e s'66-c-en% con%#c%s $7 %:e s%#%e %o $#rr#n% >'r-sd

/-n d-c%# %:e co'r% s#ys %:#% >'r-sd-c%-on c#n 5e c:#llened 'nder DPC -n %:e 6-rs% l#$s'-% 0so

s'1reme co'r% c#n :e#r %:ese c#ses4; 5'% D c#n #lso de6#'l% #nd c:#llene l#%er -n coll#%er#l#c%-on 0-6 D #11e#rs, m's% r#-se >'r-s -ss'e or $#-.es %:e r-:% %o c:#llene -%4

/s'5s .s& 1roced'r#l DPC Sc:ol#rs :#.e m#de 5o%: -n%er1re%#%-ons o6 %:-s c#se

/Under Pennoyer, %:ere -s e-%:er >'r-sd-c%-on 6or #ny cl#-m, or none #% #ll& Cl#-m doesn% :#.e %o

5e rel#%ed %o %:e s%#%e con%#c%s

2. 'aiver

/-6 D #11e#rs #nd 6#-ls %o r#-se >'r-sd-c%-on#l c:#llene, :e $#-.es %:#%

/5'% D #lso $#-.es r-:% -6 :e doesn% r#-se >'r-sd-c%-on #% %:e r-:% %-me

/yo' MUST r#-se # 8252 c:#llene -n yo'r 6-rs% 1le#d-n or mo%-on&

/R'le 82/s#ys %:#% 1#r%y c#n consol-d#%e de6enses $-%: #ny o%:er mo%-ons, 5'% -6 yo' 6#-l %o r#-se

# de6ense -n # mo%-on $:en yo' co'ld :#.e, %:#% -s $#-.ed& R'le 82: s#ys %:#% de6ense o6 l#c= o6

1erson#l >'r-s -s $#-.ed -6 om-%%ed 6rom # mo%-on #s descr-5ed 5y

/so, D :#s # c:#nce %o r#-se 8252 $-%: #ny r'le 82 mo%-on; -6 :e 6#-ls, %:#% de6ense -s $#-.ed

. -aising the Defense

/I6 no 1re#ns$er mo%-on, D m's% r#-se de6ense -n %:e #ns$er

/so o1%-ons #re? r#-se de6ense -n r'le 82 mo%-on; r#-se -% -n #ns$er; or 6#-l %o #11e#r #nd de6#'l%&

F#c%ors %o dec-de $:-c: -s 5es% Ho$ s%ron #re mer-%s o6 c#se 0c#n% l-%-#%e %:em -6 yo' de6#'l%4;

:o$ m'c: -n.es%-#%-on needed 53 yo' c#n #ns$er 0#nd yo' e% more %-me 6or #ns$er -6 yo'

m#=e 1re#ns$er mo%-on4; do yo' $#n% %o m#=e o%:er r'le 82 mo%-ons; $-ll-n %o %#=e r-s= o6de6#'l%


33/49

#. Mi((i&in

/:eld %:#% dom-c-le -n %:e s%#%e -s #lone s'66-c-en% %o 5r-n #5sen% de6end#n% $7-n s%#%es

>'r-sd-c%-on 5y me#ns o6 #11ro1r-#%e s'5s%-%'%ed ser.-ce& D'e 1rocess de1ends on $:e%:er or no%

%:e ser.-ce -s re#son#5ly c#lc'l#%ed %o -.e de6end#n% #c%'#l no%-ce& A'%:or-%y o6 # s%#%e o.er one

o6 -%s c-%-ens -s no% %erm-n#%ed 5y %:e mere 6#c% o6 :-s #5sence 6rom %:e s%#%e&

3. Internationa( Shoe

a) Facts

P -s c:#llen-n em1loymen% %#B& S%#%e #11l-ed %#B %o %:e-r comm-ss-oned s#lesmen; P s#ys no

>'r-sd-c%-on&


D'e 1rocess re'-res %:#% D, -6 no% 1resen% $7-n %err-%ory, :#.e cer%#-n m-n-m'm con%#c%s $7 %:es%#%e s'c: %:#% %:e m#-n%en#nce o6 %:e s'-% does no% o66end %r#d-%-on#l no%-ons o6 6#-r 1l#y #nd

s'5s%#n%-#l >'s%-ce& D c#n 5e s'ed 6or cl#-ms rel#%-n %o %:#% con%#c%; -6 s'5s eno':, c#n 5e s'ed

6or #ny%:-n&

c) Issues

/*ener#l/de6end#n% :#s s'c: s'5s%#n%-#l con%#c%s $7 6or'm s%#%e %o m#=e -% 6#-r %o #sser%

>'r-sd-c%-on %:ere o.er cl#-ms 'nrel#%ed %o %:ose con%#c%s&

/S1ec-6-c/de6end#n%s #c%-.-%-es #re less %:#n 6or ener#l, 5'% %:ere #re m-n-m'm con%#c%s #s

descr-5ed 5y In%l s:oe& De6end#n% c#n 5e s'ed 6or cl#-ms rel#%-n %o %:ose con%#c%s 0s'c: #s

dr-.-n -n %:e s%#%e #nd c#'s-n #cc-den%4& J'r-sd-c%-on eB-s%s 6or %:e s1ec-6-c cl#-m, 5'% no%

necess#r-ly 6or o%:ers

/cor1or#%-ons c#n ALKAYS 5e s'ed -n %:e-r s%#%e o6 -ncor1or#%-on or %:e-r 1r-m#ry s%#%e o6

5's-ness

7. Mc+ee

Co'r%? $e %:-n= -% #11#ren% %:#% %:e DPC d-d no% 1recl'de %:e CA co'r% 6rom en%er-n # >'dmen%5-nd-n on res1onden%& D del-.ered con%r#c% -n CA, 1rem-'ms m#-led 6rom %:ere, -ns'red res-den%

o6 CA& CA :#s # m#n-6es% -n%eres% -n 1ro%ec%-n -ns'red res-den%s& So %:ere #re m-n-m'm con%#c%s

#nd -%s 6#-r&

>. Hanson

D m's% :#.e m-n-m'm con%#c%s $7 s%#%e; :ere %:ere $#s no o66-ce -n s%#%e, no #c%-ons& Un-l#%er#l

#c%-.-%y o6 %:ose $:o cl#-m some rel#%-ons:-1 $7 nonres-den% D c#nno% s#%-s6y re'-remen% o6

con%#c%-% -s essen%-#l %:#% %:ere 5e some #c% 5y $:-c: %:e de6end#n% 1'r1ose6'lly #.#-ls -%sel6 o6

%:e 1r-.-lees o6 %:e 6or'm s%#%e, %:'s -n.o=-n %:e 5ene6-%s #nd 1ro%ec%-ons o6 -%s l#$s

?. Harris v. $a(&

/eB%ended -n rem >'r-sd-c%-on so co'r% co'ld #%%#c: # de5% o$ed %o D, #s lon #s %:e de5%or $#s

ser.ed -n %:e 6or'm s%#%e& A%%#c:men% o6 -n%#n-5le 1ro1er%y $#s 5#s-s 6or -n rem >'r-sd-c%-on&

A. Shaffer

a) Facts

S:#re:olders s'-n %:e mem5ers o6 # 5o#rd o6 d-rec%ors o6 com1#ny& Co'r% -n DE #%%#c:ed s:#res

%:#% %:e d-rec%ors o$n -n %:#% s%#%e&


34/49


Co'r% #11l-es %:e S:oe s%#nd#rd %o 1ersons #nd cor1or#%-ons 5o%:, D m's% s%-ll mee% %:e m-n-m'm

con%#c%s re& Pro1er%y s%-ll rele.#n% %o eB%en% %:#% -% -s # con%#c% $7 %:e 6or'm s%#%e& Co'r% dec-des

no >'r-sd :ere 57c no% eno': con%#c%s %o DE&

c) Dissent

/#r'es %:ere #re eno': con%#c%s 57c %:e d-rec%ors 1'r1ose6'lly #.#-led %:emsel.es o6 %:e 5ene6-%s

o6 DE l#$

d) Issues

/d'e 1rocess -ss'es 6or se-'re/F'en%es s#-d se-'re o6 1ro1er%y %o es%#5l-s: >'r-sd-c%-on d-d no%re'-re no%-ce #nd c:#nce 6or :e#r-n

/:y1os/-6 yo' o$n # 1ro1er%y -n # s%#%e 0#nd yo' :#.e ne.er 5een %:ere4 yo' c#n 5e s'ed %:ere 6or

cl#-ms rel#%-n %o %:#% 1ro1er%y; 5'% %:#% 1ro1er%y c#n% 5e 'sed %o es%#5l-s: >'r-sd 6or 'nrel#%ed

cl#-ms& M#y5e -6 yo' o$ned mos% o6 %:e l#nd -n %:e s%#%e, %:ey co'ld #r'e %:ere -s ener#l >'r-sd&/)UT 57c o6 FFC # s%#%e m's% en6orce %:e >'dmen% o6 #no%:er& So # P c#n $-n >'dmen% -n one

s%#%e, #nd %:en #%%#c: %:e 1ro1er%y -n #no%:er s%#%e %o en6orce %:e >'dmen%&

/con%#c%s %:#% c#n es%#5l-s: >'r-sd? 5's-ness #nd #c%-.-%-es 0-n %:e s%#%e or 1'r1ose6'lly d-rec%ed #%%:e s%#%e4, 1ro1er%y, 5'% NOT 1resence o6 non/c's%od-#l c:-ldren

B. #pecific /urisdiction34ariations and Deelopment

1. 'or(d,ide

a) Facts

P 5o':% c#r -n NY, o% -n%o #cc-den% -n O(& S'ed m#n'6#c%'rer, n#%l d-s%r-5'%or, re-on#l

d-s%r-5'%or 0$orld$-de4 #nd loc#l de#ler -n NY& L#s% 2 Ds #re d-s1'%-n >'r-sd&


Foresee#5-l-%y %:#% c#r $o'ld 5e dr-.en %o d-66eren% s%#%e -s no% eno':& No >'r-sd; %:ey m's% :#.e

ser.ed or so':% %o ser.e %:e O( m#r=e%& Co'ld 5e s:o$n %:ro': #ds, re'l#r O( 5'yers& C#n%

5e # s-nle -sol#%ed occ'rrence&

c) Issues

/s%r#%ey/Ps $#n% %o s'e -n %:-s co'n%y -n O( 0sym1#%:e%-c >'r-es4; %:ey $#n% %o #.o-d D e%%-n

6eder#l d-.ers-%y >'r-sd, #nd %:ey $#n% %:ese 1#r%-es -n 57c %:ey #re NY res-den%s l-=e P

2. sahi

a) Facts

P s'ed T#-$#nese %-re m#=er; D s'ed J#1#nese .#l.e m#=er 6or -ndemn-6-c#%-on& P se%%led, no$ T#nd J #re 6-:%-n&


P#r% o6 co'r% %:-n=s %:ere #re no m-n-m'm con%#c%s $7 CA& T:ey s#y 1'%%-n 1rod'c% -n%o s%re#m

o6 commerce no% eno':; m's% 5e 1'r1ose6'l %#re%-n o6 s%#%e& )'% m#>or-%y #rees %:#% -% $o'ld

5e 'n6#-r 57c o6 :e#.y 5'rden %o D o6 l-%-#%-n -n 6ore-n sys%em; no s%#%e or P -n%eres% 57c m#-n

cl#-m $#s se%%led&


35/49

c) Issues

/6#-rness 6#c%ors? 5'rden on D, -n%eres%s o6 6or'm s%#%e, Ps -n%eres% -n o5%#-n-n rel-e6&

/Co'r% seems %o #ss'me %:#% m#n'6#c%'rers #re l-#5le $:ere.er %:e-r 1rod'c%s #re sold

/6#c%s/m#y5e d-66eren% -6 P s%-ll s'-n C:#nes %:e -n%eres%s

/P :#s 5'rden o6 1ro.-n >'r-sd-c%-on; 5'% D m's% com1ly $7 d-sco.ery %o de%erm-ne >'r-sd, 57c D

-m1l-c-%ly #reed 5y m#=-n # r'le 825 mo%-on

. $%rger 'r-sd 6or $e5s-%e -6 -% -s

-n%er#c%-.e; %:-s $#s 1#ss-.e&

c) Issues

/6#c%'#l c:#nes M#y5e -6 D m#=-n money 6rom %:e s-%e, %r#ns#c%s $-%: 1eo1le 6rom CA& Or -6

P co'ld :#.e 5ro':% e.-dence %:#% P#. d-d =no$ :e $#s c#'s-n :#rm -n CA, 1ro5#5ly d-66eren%

res'l%&

/m#y5e 5#d l#$yer-n S:o'ld P :#.e done more d-sco.ery $or= %o 6-nd e.-dence %:#% D =ne$

%:e :#rmed com1#n-es $ere -n CA

C. $eneral /urisdiction

1. "%risdiction for C(aims @nre(ated to Contacts

/6or 1eo1le? c#n #l$#ys s'e -n s%#%e o6 dom-c-le; m#y5e -6 yo' 1erson#lly ser.e %:e 1erson $7-n

%:e 6or'm s%#%e 0)'rn:#m4

/6or cor1or#%-ons? -n s%#%e o6 -ncor1or#%-on #nd 1r-m#ry 1l#ce o6 5's-ness

/$:#% else $o'ld es%#5l-s: :e#.y eno': con%#c%s 6or ener#l >'r-sd 'nder %:e S:oe sl-d-n sc#le

#11ro#c:


36/49

2. Coasta( :ideo

a) Facts

P $#n%s decl#r#%ory >'dmen% %:#% %:ey #re no% -n6r-n-n on Ds co1yr-:%& D s#ys no >'r-sd-c%-on

-n +A& D d-d 5o%: -n%erne% #nd %r#d-%-on#l 5's-ness -n +A&


For ener#l >'r-sd, %:e con%#c%s m's% 5e eB%ens-.e, so s'5s%#n%-#l #nd o6 s'c: # n#%'re #s %o >'s%-6y

s'-% on cl#-ms 'nrel#%ed %o con%#c%s& For -n%erne% 5#sed con%#c%s, %:e mos% rel-#5le -nd-c#%or o6 %:e

n#%'re #nd eB%en% o6 con%#c% -s #mo'n% o6 s#les ener#%ed -n %:e s%#%e, :o$ m#ny 1eo1le -n %:e

s%#%e #ccess %:e $e5s-%e& Pro5#5ly m's% :#.e # .-r%'#l s%ore6ron% 0-n%er#c%-.e4&

c) Issues

/M-ec=o$s=-/6o'nd s%#%e d-d :#.e >'r-sd o.er com1#ny %:#% o% @&29 o6 -%s ross s#les 6rom %:es%#%e, 5'% %:ere $ere #lso %r#d-%-on#l 5's-ness con%#c%s& H#d -n%er#c%-.e $e5s-%e $7 c's%omer

ser.-ce&

/LL )e#n/6o'nd >'r-sd $:ere com1#ny o% !9 o6 %o%#l s#les 6rom 6or'm s%#%e, %:ere $#s

-n%er#c%-.e $e5s-%e& S#-d %:#% e.en -6 yo' mee% con%#c%s, %:ere -s s%-ll re#son#5leness %es%&/s:o'ld s#les 5e .-e$ed -n doll#rs or 1ercen% P m#y 1re6er doll#rs 6or # 5- com1#ny, D m-:%

$#n% 1ercen%&

. $%rnham v. S%perior Co%rt

a) Facts

Co'1le l-.ed -n NJ, %:en se1#r#%ed& K-6e #nd =-ds mo.ed %o CA, H 6-led 6or d-.orce -n NJ& T:en

H c#me %o .-s-% =-ds -n CA, $#s ser.ed $7 1rocess -n CA& Does 1erson#l ser.-ce -n 6or'm s%#%e

s%-ll -.e 1erson#l >'r-sd-c%-on


/Sc#l-#/yes, 57c -% :#s #l$#ys 5een %:#% $#y, #nd S:#66er d-dn% c:#ne %:#%

/)renn#n/S:#66er c:#ned %:e $#y $e %:-n= #5o'% %:-s, 5'% :ere %:e con%#c%s #re s'66-c-en% #nd -%s

6#-r 0so )renn#n m-:% 6-nd no >'r-sd 'nder d-66eren% 6#c%s4

c) Issues

/no m#>or-%y o1-n-on :ere, so -%s no% cle#r $:#% %:e l#$ #c%'#lly s:o'ld 5e

/$:#% -s %:-s c#se :old-n Is -% s#y-n 1erson#l ser.-ce #l$#ys eno': 0%:'s # ne$ 6orm o6

ener#l >'r-sd4, or >'s% $:en -%s 6#-r, or >'s% 6or d-.orce cl#-ms

D. Consent

1. Carniva( Cr%ise Lines

a) Facts

P -n>'red on cr'-se, %-c=e%s :#d # 6or'm selec%-on cl#'se -n sm#ll 1r-n%& En6orce#5le


For'm selec%-on cl#'ses #re ener#lly en6orce#5le, #s lon #s %:ey #re re#son#5le 0%:ere #re .#l-d

5's-ness re#sons 6or -%4 #nd -%s no% done %o d-sco'r#e .#l-d cl#-ms&


37/49

c) Issues

/role o6 consen%/-n m#ny se%%-ns, # 1reced-n #reemen% c#n m#n-1'l#%e >'r-sd-c%-on %:ro': 'se

o6 con%r#c%& L-m-%ed 5y con%r#c% 1r-nc-1les, #nd o%:er -de#s o6 6#-rness #nd 1'5l-c 1ol-cy&

/%:e d-66eren% %y1es o6 cl#'ses $-ll #11e#r -n d-66eren% %y1es o6 s-%'#%-ons; mos% $-ll no% 5e

en6orce#5le 6or # 1erson#l -n>'ry s'-%

/co'r% $-ll cons-der %:e c-rc'ms%#nces $:en dec-d-n %o en6orce

2. *ationa( !4%ipment -enta(

/S'1reme Co'r% '1:eld # consen% %o >'r-sd-c%-on cl#'se

/%:ese cl#'ses 1erm-% one 1#r%y %o s'e %:e consen%-n 1#r%y -n # 6or'm, #nd %:#% 1#r%y :#s $#-.ed

%:e-r r-:% %o c:#llene >'r-sd

/)UT -% doesn% re'-re %:#% s'-% 5e 5ro':% -n %:#% 6or'm

. Types of Consent greements

a) $onsent to !urisdiction

/1#r%y $#-.es %:e-r r-:% %o c:#llene >'r-sd -6 %:ey #re s'ed -n 1#r%-c'l#r 6or'm; s%-ll #llo$s s'-%s

-n o%:er 6or'ms

b) $#oice o% La&

/# 1#r%-c'l#r >'r-sd-c%-ons l#$s $-ll #11ly, 5'% doesn% se% $:ere %:e s'-% $-ll 5e 5ro':%

c) Forum Selection

/%:e s'-% MUST 5e 5ro':% -n # 1#r%-c'l#r >'r-sd-c%-on

d) Arbitration

/1#r%-es #ree %o #r5-%r#%e 's'#lly -n # 1#r%-c'l#r 6or'm, #ccord-n %o 1#r%-c'l#r r'les

/5#s-c#lly # s1ec-#l =-nd o6 6or'm selec%-on #nd c:o-ce o6 l#$ cl#'se

e) $ognovit

/# con6ess-on o6 >'dmen%, $:ere 1#r%y s-n-n -% #rees %:#% o%:er 1#r%y m#y en%er >'dmen%

##-ns% %:em $7o 6'r%:er no%-ce or 1rocess, no% #11e#l#5le 0$o'ld :#.e %o reo1en >'dmen%4

/SC '1:eld %:-s, 5'% -n l-m-%ed c-rc'ms%#nces -n.ol.-n so1:-s%-c#%ed 1#r%-es, cl#'se $#s

neo%-#%ed 6or, l#$yers 1resen%

#. Ma(practice Iss%es

/# l#$yer m's% cons-der $:e%:er # cl-en% $o'ld 5ene6-% 6rom some =-nd o6 6or'm selec%-on cl#'se;

m's% cons-der $:e%:er yo' re#lly need -%, #nd $:e%:er -% $o'ld 5e .#l-d 'nder %:e c-rc'ms%#nces

/5'% l#$yer doesn% :#.e %o -ncl'de one -n e.ery #reemen%; %:#% m-:% 5e :#rm6'l s-nce -% co'ld

d-scred-% %:e cl-en% %o %:e co'r% -6 %:ere #re m#ny 'nen6orce#5le 1ro.-s-ons -n %:e con%r#c%

E. 1otice

1. *otice after Pennoyer

/-n Pennoyer, -% seemed %:#% no%-ce 5y 1'5l-c#%-on $o'ld 5e o= 6or -n rem >'r-sd& So %:e NY l#$ -n

M'll#ne #ss'med %:-s $#s s%-ll .#l-d&

/K'c:%er//SC cons-dered # NJ l#$ %:#% #.e 1erson#l >'r-sd o.er nonres-den% mo%or-s%s, 5'%

d-dn% re'-re no%-ce %o 5e -.en %o %:e de6end#n%& E.en %:o': D :#d #c%'#l no%-ce, Co'r% s%r'c=

do$n %:e l#$& So #c%'#l no%-ce m#y no% 5e -m1or%#n%&


38/49

2. M%((ane v. Centra( Hanover $an&

a) Facts

NY l#$ se% '1 1ooled %r's%s; 1er-od-c#lly %:e %r's%ees e% decl#r#%-on %:#% %:ey #re do-n ood >o5&

P'% no%-ce -n ne$s1#1er& Is %:-s eno': no%-ce %o 5ene6-c-#r-es


/D'e 1rocess re'-res %:#% no%-ce m's% 5e re#son#5ly c#lc'l#%ed, 'nder %:e c-rc'ms%#nces, %o -.e

%:e 1#r%-es no%-ce o6 %:e #c%-on #nd -.e %:em # re#son#5le o11or%'n-%y %o 5e :e#rd&

/no%-ce 5y 1'5l-c#%-on m#y no% 5e s'66-c-en% -6 %:e 1#r%-es #re =no$n, #nd %:e-r #ddresses #re

=no$n, #nd %:ey :#.e s'5s%#n%-#l -n%eres%s -n %:e 1roceed-n 05'% m#-l -s eno': :ere4/%r's%ees don% :#.e %o %r#c= do$n e.ery 5ene6-c-#ry; -6 %:e no%-ce -s re#son#5ly cer%#-n %o no%-6y

mos%, %:#% $-ll 5e eno':

/5'% -n # d-66eren% s-%'#%-on, -% m-:% 5e so cos%ly %o m#-l e.eryone %:#% no%-ce 5y 1'5l-c#%-on

$o'ld 5e o=

c) Issues

/M'll#ne #nd In%l S:oe 5o%: mo.e #$#y 6rom 5r-:% l-ne r'les #nd #s= -ns%e#d -6 some%:-n -sre#son#5le

/Pennoyer %od#y? s%#%e 1ro5#5ly :#d 1o$er o.er D, 5'% 1ro5#5ly no% s'66-c-en% no%-ce

. -%(e #

/#llo$s P %o send le%%er %o D #s=-n :-m %o $#-.e 1erson#l ser.-ce

/P m's% no%-6y D $7-n 82 d#ys o6 6-l-n s'-%; co'r% c#n -.e more %-me

/R'le @ s#ys %:#% -n 6ed

civ pro yeazell sp 2004 3

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