Civil Engineering

(Civil /Environmental and Geology)

Sl.No Subject Code Name of the Subject

1 14PHDCV001 Transportation And Highway Technology

2 14PHDCV002 Structural Engineering

3 14PHDCV003 Hydraulics & Water resources Engineering

4 14PHDCV004 Geotechnical Engineering

5 14PHDCV005 Construction Material and Technology

6 14PHDCV006 Environmental Engineering and Management

7 14PHDGE001 APPLIED ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND ADVANCED

GEOINFORMATICS

8 14PHDGE002 CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING

AND G I S

9 14PHDGE003 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL

MANAGEMENT

10 14PHDGE004 ROCK MECHANICSAND GEOMORPHOLOGY MANAGEMENT

11 14PHDGE005 GEO-SPATIAL ADVANCED REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES

12 14PHDGE006 GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY

13 Compulsory Research Methodology

14PHDCV001: TRANSPORTATION AND HIGHWAY TECHNOLOGY

Module 1: HIGHWAY MATERIALS Soil stabilization types, source, functions, requirements, properties, tests and specifications for use in various components of road, Soil compaction for use in fill and subgrade of roads. Soil stabilization – principle, methods and tests, proportioning of materials and mix design, application of Rotchfutch method. Marginal and waste materials in road construction, properties and scope in road construction. Bituminous Material (properties of the material) and marshall mix design (both wet and dry), Useage of Geosythentics and Geotextiles in construction of highways

--08 hours Module 2: HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Components of road and pavement structure functions, requirements and sequence of construction operations. Plants and equipment for production of materials, Road construction equipment, Pre-construction surveys and marking on ground, Different types of granular base course, Different types of sub-base, Road maintenance works and quality control tests as per MORTH specification. SPECIAL PROBLEMS IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION Problems on construction on areas with marshy and weak soils, expansive clays and’ water- logged – areas. Design and construction of filter drains and capillary cut-off. Vertical sand drains – application, design and construction method. Road construction on desert region and coastal areas.

--08 hours Module 3: PAVEMENT DESIGN AND MANAGEMENT Factors affecting design and performance of flexible and rigid pavements – Pavement design factors, loads – axle load distribution. Factors affecting design and performance of airport pavements. Stresses and Deflection / strain in flexible pavements: Application of elastic theory, stresses, deflections / strains in single, two and three layer system. RURAL ROADS Problems associated with planning, design and construction of rural roads low volume rural roads in India. Principle, scope and construction method of various soil stabilization techniques in rural roads. Properties. Design, construction, and maintenance aspects, by resorting to appropriate technology.

--10 hours Module 4 ROAD SAFETY AND MANAGEMENT Road accidents, causes, scientific investigations and data collection. Road safety issues and various measures for road safety. Engineering, education and enforcement measures for improving road safety. Short term and long term measures. Traffic management techniques. Evaluation of the effectiveness and benefits of different traffic management measures, management and safety practices during road works. Economic evaluation of roads. PAVEMENT DETERIORATION AND EVALUATION Structural and functional requirements of flexible and rigid pavements. Pavement surface condition. Structural deterioration of pavements, causes, effects, methods of treatment. Use of FWD and other methods for evaluation of flexible and rigid pavements and their application. Evaluation of new pavement materials.

--12 hours

Module 5 TRAFFIC SURVEYS & APPLICATION OF REMOTE SENSING AND GIS IN HIGHWAY ENGINEERING Traffic studies- Trip distribution, generation assignment and model split (Statistical analysis). Design of the traffic signals at urban intersections. Level of service at intersections. Design of parking in urban areas and problems Concepts, components, working of GIS, data capture, data integration, data structures. Coordinate systems and map projections, Registration. GIS analysis and tasks – Input, manipulation, management, query and analysis, visualization, proximity analysis, overlay analysis, GIS and Remote sensing data integration. Overview of image processing softwares and GIS softwares, Introduction to GPS and its application (includes the recent software’s used in the highway engineering)

--12 hours References: 1. MoRTH ‘Specifications for Roads and Bridges Works’- Indian Roads Congress.

2. IS 73, revised 2006, IS 2720, IS 2386, IS 1201 to 1220, IS 8887- 1995, IS 217- 1986.

3. IRC -37, IRC -58 , IRC: 42-1994, IRC:15-2002, IRC SP :11-1988, , 55-2001, 57-2001,58-2001, IRC 19-1977, 27-1967, 29-1988, 34-1970, 36- 1970,48-1972,61-1976, 63-1976, 68-1976, 81-1997,82-1982, 84-1983,93-1985, 94-1986, 95-1987, 98-1997, 105-1988

4. Peurifoy, R.L., and Clifford,JS “Construction Planning Equipment and Method”- McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc.

5. Freddy L Roberts, Prithvi S Kandhal et al, “Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, mixture design and construction ”- (2nd Edition), National Asphalt Pavement Association Research and Education Foundation, Maryland, USA

6. Leonards G. A. “Foundation engineering” - McGraw Hill Book Company, New York, 1962

7. G. Kassiff M. Livnet. G. Wisemen “Pavements on Expansive clays” – Jerusalem Academy Press, Jerusalem. Israel, 1969

8. HMSO, “Soil Mechanics for Road Engineers”, Her Majesty’s Stationary Office, London

9. Kadiyali, L.R., T̀raffic Engineering and Transport Planning' , Khanna Publications

10. Jotin Khisty, B Kent Lall “ Transportation Engineering” PHI, 3rd edition, 2003

11. Hass R., Hudson. W. R., Zaniewisti .J. “Modern Pavement Management” – Krieger Publishing Company, Florida, 1994.

12. David and Paul Croney, “Design and performance of road pavements”- third edition, Mc Graw hill, 1998.

14PHDCV002: STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING

Module 1

Concrete as construction material, mix design of light weight concrete, Ferro cement, cracking moment and design of Ferro cement elements under tension, Fibre reinforced concrete, polymers in concrete, RPC,SCC,FRSCC and whisper concrete. High density and high strength concrete.

--8 hrs

Module 2

Review of design philosophy, properties of structural concrete, behavior of members in flexure, axial load, shear and torsion, bond and anchorage, cracking, codal provisions, ductility, detailing procedure,

Prestressed concrete, ultimate strength in flexure, shear, torsion and combined loading, deflections and crack widths. Continuous beams and portal frames.

--12 hrs

Module 3

Analysis of stresses, analysis of strain, stress-strain relations, extension, torsion and flexure of beams, Principal stresses and strains, two & three dimensional elasticity problems, theory of plasticity, yield criteria, Prandtl-Reuss Equation,

--8 hrs

Module 4

Matrix formulation in structural dynamics, lumped and consistent mass matrices, condensation of stiffness matrices. Analysis of normal modes. Modal superposition and direct integration for dynamic response. Transfer matrices.

--11 hrs

Module 5

Discrete and continuous structures, Force and displacement method of structural analysis, Different types of finite elements in elasticity, beams, plates and shells. Application to dynamic and nonlinear problems. Discussion of matrix manipulations and accuracy.

--11 hrs

References:

1. “Concrete Technology” - Theory and Practice, M.S.Shetty, S.Chand and Company, New Delhi 2. “Properties of Concrete”-Neville, A.M. : , ELBS, London 3. “Reinforced concrete Design”-by Pallai and Menon, TMH Education Private Limited 4. “Reinforced Concrete Structures”, Volume 1, Dr. B. C. Punmia, Ashok Kr. Jain, Arun Kr. Jain, 5. “Pre-stressed Concrete”- N. Krishna Raju - Tata Mc. Graw Publishers 6. “Pre-stressed Concrete”- P. Dayarathnam : Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. 7. “Design of pre-stressed concrete structures”- T.Y. Lin and Ned H. Burns - John Wiley & Sons, New

York. 8. “Structural Dynamics of Earthquake Engineering”, S Rajashekharan, CRC Press 9. “Structural Dynamics: Theory and Computation”, By Mario Paz, William E. Leigh, Kluver Academic

Publishers 10. “Structural Dynamics” - Clough & Penzen : TMH. 11. “Theory of Elasticity” - International Students -Timoshenko. S.P. and Goodier. J.N. - Edition, McGraw

Hill Book Co. Inc., New Delhi. 12. Advanced Mechanics of Solids- Srinath.L.S. : Tata McGraw Hill Publications Co.Ltd., New Delhi. 13. “Finite Element Analysis for Engineering and Technology”- Chadrupatla, Tirupathi R., University

Press, India 14. “The Finite Element Method” - Zienkeiwicz. O.C. - Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., New Delhi.

14PHDCV003: Hydraulics & Water resources Engineering

Module-I: ADVANCED HYDRAULICS Mechanics of Ideal Fluid Flow: Concept of stress Tensor, System and control volume; Laws of conservation of mass, linear momentum and energy by integral and differential analysis – Principles of rotational flow, vorticity and Circulation – Velocity potential, Stream function; boundary conditions –– elementary pattern of 2-dimentional flows: Uniform flow, Source – sink, Vortex; combinations of elementary patterns – Doublet, Flow past Half body

Mechanics of Real Fluid Flow: Difference between ideal and real fluid flows, Navier-stoke’s equation and their general properties, Introduction to boundary layer concept, boundary layer thickness.

– 12 hours

Module-II: CLOSED CONDUIT FLOW

Pipes – Hydraulic of pressure flow, Steady state Darcy’s equation. Pipe networks - Analysis and design using Hardy-cross method. Stability of laminar flows and transition, turbulence – origin of turbulence

Concepts of unsteady flow - Basic differential equations of unsteady flow in closed conduits – Solutions by method of characteristics – Algebraic and graphical water hammer. Methods for controlling transients in closed conduits

– 10 hours.

Module-III: FLUVIAL HYDRAULICS Sediment transport – incipient motion, simple formulae for bed, suspended and total load; Lane’s Balance theory, Measurement of sediment load; Design of stable channels. Reservoir Sedimentation: Calculation of erosion and sediment yield, reservoir life, sediment control

– 07 hours. Module- IV: STOCHASTIC PROCESS & WATER SHED MANAGEMENT

Stochastic Modelling: Time series, Stochastic analysis- components, trend analysis, periodicity and its modeling, Random Variables– random number generation, autoregressive and moving average models, periodic models; Rainfall Analysis-Rainfall frequencies, PMP, PMF

Soil and Water – Issues related to plant life, Soil erosion – problem, types; Hill slope processes, forest and land use, hill slope conservation; Soil conservation, control measures in agricultural and non- agricultural land. Water-conservation and rain water-Harvesting; Watershed Management - objectives and priorities, use of Remote sensing and GIS in water shed management – 12 hours.

Modules-V: GROUND WATER HYDROLOGY Storage and conduit function of rocks, zones of aeration & saturation. Well hydraulics – confined, unconfined, leaky aquifers Aquifer properties, parameters. Pumping test for yield determination, well design and pumping, utilization and depletion. GW recharge and legislation, artificial recharge, ground water assessment, resources in India and Karnataka

- 09 hours

References: 1. Chow, Ven. T, “Handbook of Hydrology”, McGraw Hill, 1988

2. Chaturvedi M. C., “Water Resources Systems Planning and Management”, Tatal

McGraw Hill, 1987

3. Fox and McDonald, “Introduction to fluid Mechanics” , John Wiley, 8th Edition, 2011

4. Garde R. J. , K. G. Ranga Raju, Mechanics of Sediment Transportation and Alluvial Stream Problems, Taylor & Francis, 2000

5. Hann C. T., “Statistical methods in Hydrology”, A.E.W. Press, 1977

6. Heathcote,I.W.,” Integrated Watershed Management: principles and practice / by Isobel W. Heathcote. Hoboken, N.J : John Wiley & Sons: 2009

7. Rao R. H. F., “Fluid Dynamics” , Charles E Morn’ll Books Inc. 1967

8. Streeter & Wylie Hydraulic Transients –, 1980

9. Todd, D.K. “Ground water Hydrology” John Wiley, 3rd edition 1980

10. Walter Hans Graf Hydraulics of Sediment Transport by Water resources publications, McGraw-Hill, 1971

14PHDCV004: Geotechnical Engineering

Module-I:

Basics of Soil Mechanics

Origin of soils, soil classification, three-phase system, fundamental definitions, relationship and interrelationships, permeability & seepage, effective stress principle, Stability of slopes by various approaches, Compaction of soils: , methods of compaction (static, kneading, impact and vibration). IS light and heavy compaction tests. . Factors affecting compaction.Field compaction equipment and their suitability.Control of field compaction. Consolidation of soils,Terzaghi’s theory of one dimension consolidation with final solution form Coefficient of consolidation and factors affecting it. Degree and rate of consolidation. Approximate theoretical relation between degree of consolidation and time factor, consolidation test as per latest relevant IS code. Shear strength of soils

– 10 hours.

Module-II:

Analysis and design of Foundations:Shallow Foundation: proportioning and design of strip, spread, rectangular, trapezoidal, combined footings, raft foundation& pile and raft foundation, modulus of subgrade reaction. Deep foundation: classifications, load carrying capacity, static method for driven piles in sand and clay, negative skin friction, dynamic formulae, pile group, group efficiency, under reamed piles, pile load test (static, dynamic), Pile integrity test, concept of batter piles.Drilled pier, Caissons, well foundation

– 12 hours.

Module-III:

Earth retaining structures:

Introduction, Active and passive earth pressures, earth pressure at rest. Rankine’s

theory for the determination of active and passive earth pressure, coefficient of earth pressure,

earth pressure distribution, total earth pressure and its point of application, , Coulombs theory

of Active and Passive earth pressure, Culman’s and Rebhann’s graphical methods Stability of

slopes, Factor of safety, slope, toe and base failure of finite slopes, Analysis of stability of slopes

by method of slices, Taylor’s stability number. nEffective, neutral and total stresses in

homogeneous soils -

– 10 hours.

Module- IV: Reinforced soil structures and geotextiles:

Introduction to reinforced soil structures, comparison with reinforced cement concrete

structures.Principles, concepts and mechanisms of reinforced earth. Materials used,

properties, laboratory testing and constructional details, metallic strips, metallic grids,

geotextiles, geogrids, geomembranes and geocomposites, their functions and design

principles. Design applications of reinforced soil structures in pavements. Embankments,

slopes, retaining walls and foundations. Reinforced soil structures for soil erosion control

problems. Case studies of reinforced soil structures, discussion on current literature.

– 10 hours. Modules-V: Soil Dynamics

Single degree, Two degree and Multi degree of freedom system, Free and forced vibration,

Transient response, Resonance and its effects, wave propagation – theory and application

to dynamic problems. Dynamic soil properties – General, laboratory and field methods,

factors affecting different properties, vibration inducing and measuring instruments. Shear

strength and Liquefaction of soils – Stress – Strain and Strength characteristics of soils under

dynamic loads, factors affecting, Resonance column test, Triaxial tests under dynamic loads,

Liquefaction of soils and factors influencing liquefaction, Dynamic earth pressure, retaining

wall problems under dynamic loads. General principles of Machine foundation design –

Introduction, Design criterion, types and requirements of Machine foundation.

-08hours References:

References:

1. Soil mechanics and foundations by B.C. Punmia, Laxmi publications Ltd. New Delhi.

2. Soil mechanics in engineering practice by Terzhaghi and Peck

3. Bowles. J. E. “Foundation Analysis and Design”, 5th edition, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, New York, 1996.

4. Koerner, R.H. Designing with geosythetics, Prentice Hall Inc, 1994.

5. Jones, C.J.E.P. Reinforcement and soil structures, Butterworth Publications, 1996.

6. Jewel, R.A. Soil reinforcement with geotextiles, CIRIA, 1996.

7. Ingold, J.S. and Miller, K.S., Geotextiles hand book, Thomas Telford Ltd, 1988

8. Swami Saran “ Soil dynamics and Machine foundation” Golgotia (1999)

9. Kramer, S.L. (1996), “Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering”, Prentice Hall, New York

Current literature

14PHDCV005: Construction Material and Technology

Module-I:

CEMENT CONCRETE AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS : Types and process, Structure of

Cement, Strength of cement concrete, Durability of cement concrete, Mix design as per IS-10262,High

performance concrete, Light weight concrete, Fiber reinforced concrete, Polymer concrete, High density

concrete ,Concrete making materials- (both mineral and chemical). Laboratory testing of Concrete, Roller

Compacted Concrete, Self Compacting Concrete and Reactive Powder Concrete

-10 Hours

Module-II:

CONSTRUCTION QUALITY AND ECONOMICS : Construction Quality, Inspection and Testing,

Quality Control, Quality Assurance, Total Quality Management, , Benchmarking, concepts of quality

policy, standards, manual, third party certification. Safety laws and standards. Safety Hazards and cost

effectiveness. Safety Management in Construction Industry, Engineering economics, Time value of

money, discounted cash flow, NPV, ROR, Bases of comparison, Incremental analysis, Benefit-Cost

analysis, Replacement analysis, Breakeven analysis, and management decision in capital budgeting,

Taxation and Inflation, Construction accounting, Income statement Financial statements,

- -10 Hours

Module-III:

REHABILITATION OF STRUCTURE AND STRUCTURAL SAFETY: Cause of deterioration of

concrete structures, Diagnostic methods & analysis, preliminary investigations, experimental

investigations using NDT, load testing, and other instrumental methods, Influence on Serviceability and

Durability, Maintenance and Repair Strategies, Materials for Repair, Techniques for Repair,- case studies,

Concepts of structural safety, Basic statistics, Basic Probability, Basic Structural Reliability –

Computation of Structural reliability, Monte Carlo method and its application. Reliability theory and

structural reliability, Determination of reliability index for present design, Determination of partial safety

factors. -12 Hours

Module-IV:

SMART MATERIALS: Introduction to Composite and smart materials, classifications and applications,

Anisotropic elasticity, thermo – mechanical properties, micro –mechanical analysis, characterization tests.

Classical composite lamination theory. Lamina failure theories, Actuators and sensors, Introductions to

control systems: Open loop and close loop transfer functions – stability criteria –deflection control of

beam like structures – using piezoelectric sensors and actuators – shape memory alloys.

-08 Hours

Module-V:

PREFABRICATED CONSTRUCTION : Necessity, advantages, disadvantages, Mass produced steel,

reinforced concrete and masonry systems industrialized buildings. National Building Code Specifications,

standardization, dimensioning of products, layout and process. Prefabrication classification, Design of

prefabricated elements, Construction techniques, large panel construction, lift slab system, control of

construction processes. Equipments for horizontal and vertical transportation. -

10 Hours

References:

1. P. Kumar Mehta – Concrete – Structure, Properties and Materials, PH, New Jersy, USA 1983. 2. A.M. Neville - “Properties of Concrete” - Longmans, 4th Edition, 1995 3. IS 10262 “Code of Practice for Concrete Mix Design”. 4. N. Logothetis, “Managing for Total Quality”, Prentice Hall. 5. David Gold Smith, “Safety Management in Construction and Industry” 6. Courtland A. Collier and William B. Ledbetter, “Engineering Economics and Cost Analysis”, Harper & Row. 7. Van Horne J. C, “Fundamentals of Financial Management” 8. Sidney, M. Johnson “Deterioration, Maintenance and Repair of Structures”. 9. R.T.Allen and S.C. Edwards, “Repair of Concrete Structures”-Blakie and Sons. 10. Ranganathan, R. "Reliability analysis and Design of Structures 'THM 1990. 11. Augustic Barrata and Casciati "Probabilistic methods in structural engineering" Chapman and Hall - 1986. 12. Mechanics of Composite Materials and Structures by M. Mukhopadhya- Universities Press 2009. 13. Bhagwan D Agarvalm, and Lawrence J Brutman, “Analysis and Performance of Fiber Composites”- John Willy and Sons. 14. Hass A.M. – Precast Concrete – Design and applications Applied Science, 1983. 15. David Shepperd – “Plant cast, Precast and Prestressed concrete – Mcgraw Hill; 1989.

14PHDCV006: Environmental Engineering and Management Module - I ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT- Global energy, Environmental resources, Energy consumption, needs and crisis. Energy production, utilization, Laws and Principles, Renewable sources & Non renewable sources of energy, Concerns about change in global temperature, Regional impacts of temperature change. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT-Developmental Activity and Ecological factors. EIA, EIS, FONSI, Base line information, Frame work of Impact Assessment, development projects in environmental setting. Objective, limitations, methodologies & techniques of EIA. Assessment and Prediction of impacts, Public participation system, Environmental parameter – Activity relationships – matrices. EIA for various projects. 08 Hrs Module - II ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Concept of Carrying capacity, Carrying capacity based regional planning, Engineering Methodology in Planning and its Limitations, Environmental Protection, Engineering Economics, Cleaner Technologies and their roles in Environmental Protection. TQM in Environmental Management and Protection – ISO 14000 Series of Standards. Environmental Audit. TRANSPORT PROCESS AND MODELING IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS Models as Comprehensive tools in Environmental Management Diffusion and dispersion – Molecular turbulent and shear diffusion, Fick’s laws of diffusion and convective – diffusion equations flow regimes. Water quality modeling. Models for decaying pollutants in rivers. Streeter- phelps equation, Data collection. Estimation of parameters. Calibration and verification of 1-D Oxygen model. Error measures. Mixing Zones in rivers. Parameter estimation, Mixing coefficient. Dissolved Oxygen models for lakes , Ocean disposal of wastewater. Ground water quality modeling concepts, Non point sources of pollution, Field data gathering and parameter estimation. Ecosystem model. 12 Hrs Module - III WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERING Determination of kinetic coefficients. Fundamentals of process analysis, Mass balance analysis, Reactors and their hydraulic characteristics, Reaction Kinetics & Reactor selection, . Physical, Chemical & Biological treatment of wastewater, Treatment & disposal of sludge, Advanced wastewater treatment process, Waste treatability studies. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT Effects of Industrial Wastes, Effluent standards and stream standards.. Industrial Waste survey. Material balance, Sampling, Biomonitoring. Pretreatment of Industrial Wastewater- Wastewater Treatment in industries, Ultimate disposal of Industrial Wastewater, effects of waste additions on physical and chemical properties of soil, Design of complete treatment system, Environmental Auditing, Financial and Managerial opportunities. 10 Hrs Module - IV ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL Different Classification of air pollution sources, Characterization and sampling of atmospheric pollutants, Analytical methods, Effects of Air Pollutants, Smog, National ambient Air quality standards, criteria and indices, Air Pollution laws. Meteorology, General Characteristics of stack emission, plume behavior, Heat island effect, Air Quality Modeling: Particulates: Collection mechanism and efficiency, Particulate Pollution Control equipment, General Control of gases and vapours. Noise pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL GEO-TECHNIQUES Source, Production and Classification of Wastes; Soil Pollution Processes Physical-chemical and Biological Interaction in Soil, Effects on geotechnical Properties, Waste Disposal Facilities, Barrier systems-Basic concepts, design and construction, stability, compatibility and performance; contaminant Transformations and Transport in subsurface, Reuse of waste Materials, Contaminated site remediation. 12 Hrs Module - V REMOTE SENSING & GIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Remote sensing in Environmental Engineering Basics of Remote sensing Techniques –Data Acquisition and Interpretation – Visual and digital interpretation – Application of remote sensing techniques to management of Water resources. Monitoring of quality of environment, land use pattern studies. GIS – Concepts and spatial

Methods. GIS, Data acquisition, Data processing, storage and retrieval, Computer Fundamentals of GIS and data storage character files and binary files, file origination liked list, chains trees. GIS and Remote sensing data integration techniques in spatial Decision support system, land suitability, New work analysis virtual GIS. GIS in solid waste transport, re-modelling of distribution systems and Ground water, Vulnerabilty. 8 Hrs REFERENCES:

1. Rao and Parulekar B.B., (1977), Energy Technology–Non-conventional, Renewable and Conventional”, 2nd Edition, Khanna Publishers.

2. Wilber, L.C., (1989), “Handbook of Energy Systems Engineering”, Wiley and Sons. 3. Nemerow N.N., (1971) – “Liquid Waste of industry theories, “Practices and Treatment. Addison Willey

New York. 4. Ross R.D. (1968)– “Industrial Waste Disposal”, Reinhold Environmental Series – New York. 5. Mahajan (1984) –” Pollution control in Process industries”. TMH, New Delhi. 6. Eckenfelder(2000)- “Industrial Water pollution Control”- McGraw hill Company, New Delhi American

Chemical Society, Washington D.C. USA 7. Jacobson. Z. A.(1999), Fundamental of Atmospheric modeling, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 8. Krogstad and Jacobsen, Dispersion of heavy gases, in encyclopedia of environmental control technologies,

edited by Cheremioinoff, Volume-2, Rulf publishing company, Houston. 9. Crawford Martin, “Air pollution control theory”, Tata McGraw- Hill publishing company Ltd. New Delhi,

1980. 10. Wark K., Warner C.F., and Davis. W.T., Air Pollution,(1998) “its origin and control”, Third Edition,

Harper and Row Publication. 11. Environment Impact Assessment – Larry W. Canter – McGraw Hill Publication. 12. Water and Wastewater Engineering Vol-II :- Fair, Geyer and Okun : John Willey Publishers, New York. 13. Waste Water Treatment, Disposal and Reuse : Metcalf and Eddy inc : Tata McGraw Hill Publications. 14. Thoman R. V. – Systems Approach to water quality management McGraw Hill –1980. 3. Biswas A. K. –

Models for water quality management – McGraw Hill 1980. 15. Rinaldi S. D.and Soncini, R- Modelling and Control of river water quality McGraw Hill –1979. 16. Thomann and Mueller 1986., Principles of water quality management and control – Harper and Row pubs. 17. Perkins – Air Pollution 18. Kenneth Wark and Cecil F Warner – Air Pollution – its origin and control, Harper and Row, Publishers,

New York. 19. Odum – Fundamentals of Ecology – Addition Co. 20. Canter L – Environmental Impact Assessment McGraw Hill 1977. 21. Mall C.A.S. and Day J.W – Ecosystem modeling in theory and practice: An introduction with case NI

stories – John Willey. 22. Heer and Hagerty, Environmental Impact Assessment and statements. Van Nostrand and Reinhold Co.

1977. 23. Pater A Burraugh Rachal A Mc Donnas “Principle of GIS” (Oxford) 24. Christopher Jones “GIS and Computer Cartography”

GEOLOGY

14PHDGE001 APPLIED ENGINEERING GEOLOGY AND ADVANCED

GEOINFORMATICS

Module - I MINERALOGY:Description and identification of Rock forming minerals and Ores, based onphysical and special properties PETROLOGY : Rocks as fundamental units and building materials of the earth crust and theirengineering applications: As building stones, road metals and stones fordecoration, pavement, cladding, roofing, flooring, concreting and foundationengineering. Igneous rocks: Origin, classification (chemical and textural), mode of occurrence Sedimentary rocks: Origin, classification, primary structures Metamorphic rocks: Kinds of metamorphism, and classification - 10 Hours Module - II ROCK MECHANICS : Epigene and Hypgene geological agents; rock weathering and its types; Soil formation, types, erosion and remedial measures Geological action of rivers with different drainage patterns; Geological action of wind. Stress, strain and deformational effects on different rocks; Out crop, Dip,strike and escarpment, Clinometer-compass- Joints, faults, folds andunconformities their effects on civil engineering structures. – 10 Hours Module – III Principles of Remote Sensing: Introduction to remote sensing, Remote sensing system, Electromagnetic spectrum, Black body Atmospheric windows, Spectral characteristics of earth’s surface, Range of sensing system. Platforms, Sensors and Data Products: Ground aircraft, space aircraft platforms- photographic sensors, scanners, radiometers, Radar and Mission planning. Data types and format, Scale and LegendPhotogrammetry: Photogrammetry basics – applications, applications of aerial photo interpretation to Water Resource Engineering. Photogrammetry and GIS:input of data from photogrammetry for GIS database, photogrammetric applications in GIS -12 Hours

Module – IV Geographic Information System: Introduction, history if GIS, comparisons with CAD, Necessity of GIS, components of GIS, GIS Architecture-data input, data manipulation, data output, Operation-processes and capabilities, different types of GIS, GIS data-spatial and non

spatial, data models with advantages and disadvantages. Types of Analysis and errors, Global positinating system GIS -10 Hours Module – V Hyper-spectral Remote Sensing: Hyper-spectral Imaging: Hyper spectral concepts, data collection systems, calibration techniques, data processing techniques; preprocessing, N-dimensional scatter-plots, Special angle mapping, Spectral mixture analysis, Spectral Matching, Classification techniques, airborne and space-borne hyperspectral sensors, applications. High resolution hyper-spectral satellite systems: Sensors, orbit characteristics, description of satellite systems, data processing aspects, applications. - 08 Hours REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Text book of Geology by P.K. Mukerjee, World Press Pvt. Ltd.Kolkatta. 2. Structural Geology (3rd Ed.)by M. P. Billings, Published by Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 3. Text of Engineering and General Geology by ParbinSingh,Published by S. K. Kataria and Sons, New Delhi. 4. Rock Mechanics for Engineers by DrB.P.Verma, Khanna Publishers, New Delhi. 5. Engineering Geology for Civil Engineering by D. Venkata Reddy, Oxford and IBH Publishing Company, New Delhi. 6. Ground water geology by Todd D.K. John Wiley and Sons,New York. 7. Remote sensing Geology by Ravi P Gupta, Springer Verilag, New York. 8. Mikhail E., J. Bethel, and J.C. McGlone, Introduction to modernphotogrammetry . Wiley, 2001. 9. Wolf P.R, and B.A. Dewitt, Elements of photogrammetry : with applications in GIS. 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill, 2000. 10. Lillesand T.M., and R.W. Kiefer, Remote sensing and image interpretation. 4th ed, John Wiley & Sons, 2000. 11. Jensen J.R., Introductory digital image processing: a remote sensing perspective. 2nd ed Prentice Hall, 1996. 12. Richards J.A., and X. Jia, Remote sensing digital image analysis: an introduction. 3rd ed Springer, 1999. .

14PHDGE002 CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS OF REMOTE SENSING

AND G I S

Module-I: Photogrammetry and Aerial Photogrammetry Photogrammetry- Introduction, basic definitions, terrestrial photogrammetry, phototheodolite, horizontal and vertical angles from terrestrial photographs, horizontal position of a point from photographic measurements. Aerial Photogrammetry- advantages, vertical, tilted and obliquephotographs, geometry of vertical photographs, scale of vertical photographover flat and variable terrain, ground coordinates, computation of length of aline, overlaps, flightplanning, computation of required number of photographs for a given area,ground control in photogrammetry, Basic elements inphotographic interpretation. Introduction to digital photogrammetry-12 Hours

Module-II: Remote sensing-Introduction, Ideal remote sensing system, basic principles ofelectromagnetic remote sensing, electromagnetic energy, electromagneticspectrum, interaction with earth’s atmosphere, interaction with earth- surface Remote sensing platforms and sensors: Introduction, platforms- Indian satellite IRS and Land sat specifications, Sensors-active and passive,MSS, AVHRR, LISS, TM, PAN, WIFS, microwave sensors, sensorresolutions (spatial, spectral, radiometric and temporal)-12 Hours

Module-III: GIS-Definition, Components of GIS, Data types, Sources of data, Data Structure ,

Types of Analysis and errors, Global positinating system GIS- 08 Hours

Module-IV: Applications of Remote sensing: applications in land use land cover analysis, change detection, water resources, urban planning,Design of construction structures, and geological applications. -08 Hours

Module-V:Environmental Applications of RS and GIS Re-modelling of water Distribution systems using GIS Ground water Vulnerability Modelling using GIS Urban Development Planning using RS and GIS Environmental Solid Waste and Degradation Assessment using RS and GIS RS and GIS site selection for Dams, Bridges, Reservoirs -10 Hours

Reference Books: 1. Mikhail E., J. Bethel, and J.C. McGlone, Introduction to modernphotogrammetry . Wiley, 2001. 2. Wolf P.R, and B.A. Dewitt, Elements of photogrammetry : withapplications in GIS. 3rd ed, McGraw-Hill, 2000.

3. Lillesand T.M., and R.W. Kiefer, Remote sensing and imageinterpretation. 4th ed, John Wiley & Sons, 2000. 4. Jensen J.R., Introductory digital image processing: a remote sensingperspective. 2nd ed Prentice Hall, 1996. 5. Richards J.A., and X. Jia, Remote sensing digital image analysis: anintroduction. 3rd ed Springer, 1999. 6. Mather P.M., Computer processing of remotely-sensed images: anintroduction. Wiley,1988.

14PHDGE003 ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL

MANAGEMENT

Module - I ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT- Global energy, Environmental resources, Energy consumption, needs and crisis.Energy production, utilization, Laws and Principles, Renewable sources &Non renewable sources of energy,Concerns about change in global temperature, Regional impacts of temperature change. ENVIRONMENTALIMPACT ASSESSMENT-Developmental Activity and Ecological factors. EIA, EIS, FONSI, Base lineinformation, Frame work of Impact Assessment, development projects in environmental setting. Objective,limitations, methodologies & techniques of EIA. Assessment and Prediction of impacts, Public participationsystem, Environmental parameter – Activity relationships – matrices. EIA for various projects. -08 Hrs Module - II ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT Concept of Carrying capacity, Carrying capacity based regional planning, Engineering Methodology in Planningand its Limitations, Environmental Protection, Engineering Economics, Cleaner Technologies and their roles inEnvironmental Protection. TQM in Environmental Management and Protection – ISO 14000 Series of Standards. TRANSPORT PROCESS AND MODELING IN AQUATIC SYSTEMS Models as Comprehensive tools in Environmental Management Diffusion and dispersion – Molecular turbulent andshear diffusion, Fick’s laws of diffusion and convective – diffusion equations flow regimes. Water quality modeling. Models for decaying pollutants in rivers. Streeter- phelps equation, Data collection. Estimation of parameters. Calibration and verification of 1-D Oxygen model. Error measures. Mixing Zones in rivers. Parameterestimation, Mixing coefficient. Dissolved Oxygen models for lakes , Ocean disposal of wastewater. Ground waterquality modeling concepts, Non point sources of pollution, Field data gathering and parameter estimation.Ecosystem model. -12 Hrs Module - III WASTEWATER TREATMENT ENGINEERING Determination of kinetic coefficients. Fundamentals of process analysis, Mass balance analysis, Reactors and theirhydraulic characteristics, Reaction Kinetics & Reactor selection, . Physical, Chemical & Biological treatment ofwastewater, Treatment & disposal of sludge, Advanced wastewater treatment process, Waste treatability studies. INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT Effects of Industrial Wastes, Effluent standards and stream standards.. Industrial Waste survey. Material balance,Sampling, Biomonitoring. Pretreatment of Industrial Wastewater- Wastewater Treatment in industries, Ultimatedisposal of Industrial Wastewater, effects of waste additions on physical and chemical properties of soil, Design ofcomplete treatment system, Environmental Auditing, Financial and Managerial opportunities.-

10 Hrs

Module - IV ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND CONTROL Different Classification of air pollution sources, Characterization and sampling of atmospheric pollutants, Analytical methods, Effects of Air Pollutants, Smog, National ambient Air quality standards, criteria and indices,Air Pollution laws. Meteorology, General Characteristics of stack emission, plume behavior, Heat island effect, AirQuality Modeling: Particulates: Collection mechanism and efficiency, Particulate Pollution Control equipment,General Control of gases and vapours. Noise pollution. ENVIRONMENTAL GEO-TECHNIQUES Source, Production and Classification of Wastes; Soil Pollution Processes Physical-chemical and Biological Interaction in Soil, Effects on geotechnical Properties, Waste Disposal Facilities, Barrier systems-Basic concepts,design and construction, stability, compatibility and performance; contaminant Transformations and Transport insubsurface, Reuse of waste Materials, Contaminated site remediation. -12 Hrs Module - V REMOTE SENSING & GIS IN ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING Remote sensing in Environmental Engineering Basics of Remote sensing Techniques –Data Acquisition and Interpretation – Visual and digital interpretation – Application of remote sensing techniques to management of Water resources. Monitoring of quality of environment, land use pattern studies. GIS – Concepts and spatial Methods. GIS, Data acquisition, Data processing, storage and retrieval, Computer Fundamentals of GIS and datastorage character files and binary files, file origination liked list, chains trees. GIS and Remote sensing data integration techniques in spatial Decision support system, land suitability, New work analysis virtual GIS. GIS insolid waste transport, re-modelling of distribution systems and Ground water, Vulnerabilty. - 8 Hrs REFERENCES: 1. Rao and Parulekar B.B., (1977), Energy Technology–Non-conventional, Renewable and Conventional”, 2nd Edition, Khanna Publishers. 2. Wilber, L.C., (1989), “Handbook of Energy Systems Engineering”, Wiley and Sons. 3. Nemerow N.N., (1971) – “Liquid Waste of industry theories, “Practices and Treatment. Addison Willey New York.

4. Ross R.D. (1968)– “Industrial Waste Disposal”, Reinhold Environmental Series – New York. 5. Mahajan (1984) –” Pollution control in Process industries”. TMH, New Delhi. 6. Eckenfelder(2000)- “Industrial Water pollution Control”- McGraw hill Company, New Delhi American Chemical Society, Washington D.C. USA 7. Jacobson. Z. A.(1999), Fundamental of Atmospheric modeling, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 8. Krogstad and Jacobsen, Dispersion of heavy gases, in encyclopedia of environmental control technologies, edited by Cheremioinoff, Volume-2, Rulf publishing company, Houston.

14PHDGE004 ROCK MECHANICSAND GEOMORPHOLOGY MANAGEMENT

Module - I ROCK MECHANICS :Stress, strain and deformational effects on different rocks; Out crop, Dip, Strike and escarpment, Clinometers-compass- Joints, faults, folds andunconformities their effects on civil engineering structures. –08 hours

Module – II

Epigene and Hypgene geological agents :Rock weathering and its types; Soilformation, types, erosion and remedial measures.Earthquakes- seismic waves, seismograph, causes, effects, seismic zones,resisting structures. Coastal zones, coastallandforms, continental shelf, continental rise, continental slope, abyssal plain,mid-oceanic ridges, tsunamis. Land slides; causes, effects andremedial measures –12 hours

Module – III

Foundation and Masonry: Function and requirements of a good foundation, Types of foundations,Preliminary investigation of soil, Safe Bearing Capacity of Soil, Introductionto spread, combined, strap, mat and pile foundations, Design of strip andcombined footings Classification of Masonry, Definition of terms used in Masonry, Introductionto classification and qualities of bricks, Bonds in Brick work - English Bond,Flemish Bond, Reinforced, Brick Masonry, Common building stones, theirproperties and uses, Classification of stone masonry, Joints in stone masonry.–10 hours

Module – IV

Classification, specification, tests as per IS for various civil engineeringmaterials: Walling units, binding materials and additives, aggregates, gypsum products, wood baseproducts, ferrous and non-ferrous metal products, concrete and its various varieties, flyashbricks.Durability, mechanical, deformational behaviour and thermo physical properties forthermal insulation, sound insulation and damp prevention application materials, Adhesives.Recent developments and market awareness regarding applications, varieties, sizes andspecification for various materials.-10 Hours

Module – V

Material Management:Materials & their peculiarities, material planning, accounting and material reconciliation.Systems of material classification.Role of purchasing function, purchasing decisions, procedures, forms,records and reports, vendor analysis.Inventory models

and control techniques, leadtime demand, purchase planning, Wastage audit at site, Site waste material management plan. -10 Hours

References : 1) Foundations of Engineering Geology,by Tony Waltham (3rdEd.) Universities Press. 2) Structural Geology (3rd Ed.)by M. P. Billings, Published byPrentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi 3) Text of Engineering and General Geology by Parbin Singh,Published by S. K. Kataria and Sons, New Delhi. 4) Rock Mechanics for Engineers by Dr B.P.Verma, KhannaPublishers, New Delhi. 5) Materials of Construction by D.N. Ghose - Tata Mc Graw Hill 6) Civil Engineering Materials by Jackson N. Ed. – ELBS, London. 7) Material of Construction by S.Z. Haider - Oxford Unviersity Press 8) Building Materials by BRE Digest - The Construction Press, London. 9) Building Materials and Compone

14PHDGE005 GEO-SPATIAL ADVANCED REMOTE SENSING TECHNIQUES

Module - I Thermal Remote Sensing: Thermal radiation principles, processes and thermal properties of materials, thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, thermal inertia, thermal diffusivity, emissivity, sensing radiant temperatures, radiant versus kinetic temperatures, blackbody radiation, atmospheric effects, interaction of thermal radiation with terrain elements, IR detection and imaging technology, thermal sensors and scanners, airborne IR surveys, satellite thermal IR images, spatial resolution and ground coverage, thermal IR broad band scanner and multispectral scanner, geometric characteristics of across track and along track IR imageries, distortions and displacements, radiometric calibration of thermal scanners, interpretation of thermal IR imagery, temperature mapping with thermal scanner data, thermal inertia mapping, apparent thermal inertia, applications of thermal remote sensing in geology, hydrogeology. -10 Hours Module - II Passive Microwave Remote Sensing: Basics –physics of RADAR waves, spectral characteristics of RADAR waves, microwave radiometers, passive microwave scanners and sensors, applications in atmosphere, ocean and land. Precision Remote Sensing: Introduction, Spatial, Spectral, Temporal precision and their requirement. -10 Hours Module - III Active Microwave Remote Sensing: RADAR- definition and development, Radar Systems –airborne and space borne SLRs and their components, imaging systems, typical images, radar wavelengths, scattering theory, RADAR equation, Depression angle, slant range and ground range images, spatial resolution and theoretical limits, azimuth resolution, real aperture and synthetic aperture RADAR systems, geometric characteristics of radar imagery and transmission characteristics of radar signals, SLR stereoscopy and RADARgrammetry, RADAR return and image significance, coherence, phase unwrapping, polarization, image registration, baseline determination, measurement of surface topography and deformation analysis, satellite radar systems and images, image processing, RADAR image interpretation. SAR interferometry- principle, image processing, differential SAR interferometry, factors affecting SAR interferometry, Applications of RADAR soil response, vegetation response, water and ice response, urban area response. -10 Hours Module - IV LIDAR Remote Sensing: AltimetricLiDAR: Physics of laser, spectral characteristics of laser, laser interaction with objects, Airborne AltimetricLiDAR: principle, Multiple return, Components of LiDAR system, INS technology, INS-GPS integration, measurement of laser range, calibration, flight planning, laser range to xyz coordinates, accuracy of various components of LiDAR, error analysis of data and error removal, raw data of DEM processing, filtering of data uses of return strength/waveform, data classification techniques, LiDAR data integration with spectral data, LiDAR Applications. -10 Hours

Module - V Hyper-spectral Remote Sensing: Hyper-spectral Imaging: Hyper spectral concepts, data collection systems, calibration techniques, data processing techniques; preprocessing, N-dimensional scatter-plots, Special angle mapping, Spectral mixture analysis, Spectral Matching, Classification techniques, airborne and space-borne hyperspectral sensors, applications. High resolution hyper-spectral satellite systems: Sensors, orbit characteristics, description of satellite systems, data processing aspects, applications. -10 Hours REFERENCE BOOKS: 1. Fawaz T Ulaby, Richard K Moore and Adrian K Fung, Microwave Remote Sensing active and passive, Vol. 1, 2 and 3 Addison – Wesly Publication company 1981, 1982, and 1986. 2. Philip N Slater, Remote Sensing, optics and optical systems. 1980 3. Robert M Haralick and Simmonet, Image processing for remote sensing 1983. 4. Robert N Colwell Manual of Remote sensing Volume1, American Society of Photogrammetry 1983. 5. Travett J W Imaging Radar for Resources surveys, Chapman andHall, London 1986. 6. Remote sensing and Image Interpretation by Thomas M Lillesand and Ralph W. Keifer fourth Edition, 2002, 2003, John Wiley and Sons Inc. 7. Remote Sensing Geology by Ravi P Gupta, Second edition, 2003, Springer 8. Remote Sensing Principles and Interpretation by Floyd F Sabins, 1997, W H Freeman And Company

14PHDGE006 GROUNDWATER HYDROLOGY

INTRODUCTION: Occurrence and Importance of Groundwater, storage, zones of aeration and saturation.

AQUIFERS: Types, properties, parameters, heterogeneity, anisotropy, occurrence of groundwater in

hydrogeologic formations, structure and types of wells. -10 Hours

Module -II GROUNDWATER FLOW: Equitation of groundwater flow in aquifers, derivation of differential equitation’s

for groundwater flow, Flow through porous medium, Flow conditions.

WELL HYDRAULICS: Steady radial flow, confined, unconfined andleaky aquifers, Analysis of steady radial

flow in laterally stratified phreatic aquifers. -10 Hours

Module - III HYDROGEOLOGY: Different methods of Geophysical surveys, Vertical electrical sounding, seismic

and gravity method, Determination of water bearing zones and aquifer thickness, Analysis of Resistivity curves.

-10 Hours

Module - IV

GROUNDWATER RECHARGE: Methods of groundwater recharge, artificial recharge, groundwater assessment

and legislation, groundwater resources in Karnataka and India.

GROUNDWATER MODELLING: Major application of groundwater models, modeling in groundwater flow,

calibration and validation of models. -12 Hours

Module - V

GROUNDWATER POLLUTION: Agricultural practices, Solid and Liquid wastes of industries in urban areas,

Different preventive measures. -08 Hours

TEXT BOOKS

1) D.K Todd – “Groundwater Hydrology” John Willey, 1959 2) W.C Walton- “ Groundwater Resources Evaluation” McGraw Hill Kogakusha, 1970. 3) H. Boluwer- “Groundwater Hydrology” McGraw Hill ,Kogakusha, 1979.

REFERENCE BOOKS

1) R.J.M De Wiest- “Geohydrology” John Wiley, 1967. 2) A Vermajit – “ Theory of Groundwater Flow, Macmillon, 1970 3) M.E Harr- “Groundwater and Seepage” McGraw Hill, 1975 4) Raghunath, K. M.- “ Groundwater” Wiley Eastern 1986. 5) K.R Karanth- “ GroundwaterAssesment, Development and Management. Tata McGraw Hill Publising

House, 1987. 6) P Jaya Rami Reddy “ A Text Book of Hydrology” University Science Press. 2011