CIVIL EXPLOSIVESCIVIL EXPLOSIVES

Spyridon Papadakis, Chemical Engineer

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• Contemporary expertise

• Strict technical specifications

• Continuous quality control in fully equipped private laboratory

• Excellent quality of raw materials

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AMMONIUM NITRATEAMMONIUM NITRATE

• Product of the supplier AL NASR Egypt

• Large specific surface• Excellent porosity• Excellent absorbency

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ANFOANFO - - PYRKALONPYRKALON

• Grainy, white• Moderate hardness

rocks• Ingredients:

Ammonium nitrate and diesel

• Detonation velocity: 3150 m/s

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AMMONITEAMMONITE – – PYRKALITPYRKALIT ΝΟ 2 ΝΟ 2

• Light-yellow in powdery form

• Semi rocks • Ingredients:

Ammonium nitrate, TNT, oil and wood-flour

• Detonation velocity: 3800 m/s

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GELATINOUS DYNAMITEGELATINOUS DYNAMITE

• Plastic form • Very hard rock &

water • Ingredients:

Ammonium nitrate, nitroglycol, oil and nitrocellulose

• Detonation velocity: 6000 m/s

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EMULSIONEMULSION• Plastic • Slightly hard rocks,

presence of water • Harmless to humans

& environment • Ingredients:

ammonium nitrate, microspheres-bubbles

• Detonation velocity: 5600 m/s

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DETONATING CORDDETONATING CORD

• Flexible cord with waterproof coating

• PETN • Use in water • Detonation velocity:

min 6600 m/s

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SAFETY FUSESAFETY FUSE

• Flexible cord, waterproof or not

• Firing mean • Burning rate:

125 sec/m

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DETONATORS - DELAYSDETONATORS - DELAYS

• Detonators No 8• Electric Detonators • Non electric

detonators• Electronic detonators

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Send of shock wave inside a plastic tube

Transmission of the shock wave inside the plastic tube

Firing of a pyrotechnical composition

(initiating composition)

Firing of a delay composition then primary and secondary explosives 11

Detonator down the hole•short delay range (25ms) : 75 to 500 ms

•long delay range (100/200ms) : 600 to 2000 ms

•length from 4.80 m to 50 m.

Surface connector

•short delay range : 17, 25, 42, 65, 100 ms

•length from 4.8 m to 12 m.

Detonator down the hole (400 ms) with an integrated surface connector (25 ms)•lenght from 6 m to 40 m.

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NON ELECTRIC DETONATORS• The non-electric caps do not explode from currents

caused by electrical shocks due to storms. • The noise, dangerous vibrations and other adverse

effects on the environment are reduced greatly. • The blowing starts from the depth of the bore and thus

there are no energy losses. • Quick and easy connection and placement in the

borehole. • Higher mechanical resistance than the electric detonator.

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ELECTRONIC DETONATORS

• 1 Electronic circuit• 2 Double cable• 3 Current plug• 4 Capacitor• 5 ASIC processor• 6 Ignition capacitor• 7 Fuse• 8 Primary explosive• 9 Basic explosive• 10 Line connector

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ELECTRONIC DETONATORS• Range periods MS from 1 to 4,000

with 1ms step • 1,500 electronic detonators per

explosion • High accuracy greater than 1/10ms • On field or with remote programming • Two-way communications in the two

wires • Non polar parallel connection • Normal dimension detonator. Length

3.42”, diameter 0.3”, 21awg solid copper wire, corrosion insulation

• Easy recording control • Check on site before firing • Manual or automatic mode (using a

PCMCIA data input mean) • Battery power or external • Microprocessor controller, ASIC

technology• All electronic detonators are activated

before the explosion

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