civil rights highlights standard 23 – political developments between 1945-1970 standard 24,...
TRANSCRIPT
Civil Rights Highlights
Standard 23 – political developments between 1945-1970
Standard 24, element a (SNCC, SCLC)
School Desegregation/Mayor Hartsfield
Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Little Rock Nine James Meredith – University of
Mississippi Atlanta won praise for handling school
desegregation well Mayor William Hartsfield avoided violence &
turmoil by working behind the scenes with black & white businesses & community leaders to deal with race relations peacefully
“Atlanta is the city too busy to hate”
Montgomery Bus Boycott Started with Rosa Parks
not giving up her seat on Dec. 1, 1955 – her arrest quickly united the black community.
The NAACP leaders decided to take advantage of the situation & boycott the bus system until Montgomery desegregated its public transportation. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
was named the leader Lasted one year until the
Supreme Court ruled that the buses must be integrated.
SCLC
SCLC – Southern Christian Leadership Conference
Started during the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Chose MLK as its first president & sought to unite leaders from the black community in the cause of civil rights
Believed in educating average African American citizens & registering them to vote so they could get the right candidates elected to public office.
More conservative group compared to SNCC
Wanted to participate more in civil disobedience (peaceful refusal to follow unjust laws).
SNCC/CORE v. SCLC
During the Civil Rights Movement, many students joined SNCC (Students Nonviolent Coordinating Committee). Would engage in nonviolent protests & sit-ins to
demand civil rights Often criticized the SCLC because the
younger SNCC members wanted to take a more confrontational approach, instead of waiting for court decisions & the political process.
SNCC members began advocating “Black Power”: a philosophy that held blacks should take great pride in their African heritage and be willing to use violence, if necessary, to attain & protect their civil rights.
March on Washington August 28, 1963 250,000 people,
including 75,000 whites marched for equality.
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his “I Have a Dream” speech
Assassination of JFK
Three months after the March on Washington, President John F. Kennedy was killed on November 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was
accused of the killing, but was shot 2 days later.
President Lyndon B. Johnson pledged to continue on his work & signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
LBJ
Following the passage of large civil rights legislation, President Johnson introduced a series of programs called the Great Society, with a focus on helping those who lived below the poverty. Head Start: provides free preschool
education to children living in poverty Medicaid: provides medical care for
individuals living in poverty Medicare: provides free hospitalization &
some inexpensive insurance for medical care, for the elderly.
Landmark Court Cases
Federal courts have the power of judicial review They hear cases and determine if a law
or the actions of the government violate any provisions of the Constitution.
Landmark cases create a significant impact or change
The Warren Court
Chief Justice Earl Warren (1953-1969) Brown v. Board of Education (1954) Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)
Justices required criminal courts to provide free legal counsel to those who could not afford it
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) All suspects must be read their rights
before questioning (Miranda rights)
1968 – A year of turmoil
Violence/riots began breaking out in big cities – African American rage was not understood by a lot of white Americans
The country was also dealing with Vietnam & its growing opposition in the country
MLK was shot by James Earl Ray on April 4, 1968 – millions of Americans were able to watch the funeral on TV.
1968 – A year of turmoil
1968 Presidential Election: Democrats running: Hubert H. Humphrey, Eugene McCarthy, & Robert Kennedy.
Robert F. Kennedy – JFK’s brother, also the U.S. Attorney General, was also a big supporter of civil rights. He was killed on June 6, 1968
by Sirhan Sirhan
1968 – A year of turmoil
Democratic National Convention – August 1968
Delegates nominating Hubert Humphrey to run for president.
Outside the convention hall, thousands of people were protesting the Vietnam War
Chicago police unleashed tear gas & wielded nightsticks against the demonstrators. Television once again
brought the violence into people’s homes.
Practice Questions
Which president proposed social programs collectively called the Great Society? A) Dwight D. Eisenhower B) John F. Kennedy C) Lyndon B. Johnson D) Richard M. Nixon
Practice Questions
What effect did news coverage of the civil rights movement have? A) it resulted in new Jim Crow
legislation in the South B) it forced the federal government to
place restrictions on the media C) it increased pressure on the federal
government to pass civil rights legislation
D) it reduced the momentum of the civil rights movement