CIVIL WAR

CIVIL WARNorth and South Divided1What caused the Civil War?True or False?Only 25% of the whites in the South owned slaves.Only 7% of Confederate Soldiers owned slaves.The vast majority of slaves taken out of Africa were sold by other Africans.Famous northern generals such as Grant and Sherman owned slaves.The most famous Confederate Generals did not own slaves.Over 10,000 blacks willingly fought for the Confederate army.Over 3,000 free blacks in Louisiana and South Carolina owned slaves.Your elementary teachers and library books were incorrect in telling you that the Civil War was fought entirely over slavery.Key QuestionsCan one government successfully rule two vastly different sections of a country?Are state governments better at serving the citizens than a federal government? (i.e. should state governments be more powerful than the federal government?Should states be allowed to nullify harmful federal laws?Is it legal for a state to secede from the U.S.?Are states without slavery more prosperous that states with slavery?Etc..Events Preceding Civil WarNorthwest Ordinance (1787) Prohibited slavery in the Northwest Territory

1808 International Slave Trade banned

Missouri Compromise (1820) Engineered by Henry ClaySenate tied with 11 slave and 11 free statesMissouri would be admitted as a slave stateMaine would be admitted as a free stateSlavery would be prohibited above the 36 30 line (north)

5bNullification Crisis (1832-33)Tariffs favored Northern manufacturers and hurt Southern plantersNullification created by John Calhoun (states could abolish or nullify federal laws)South Carolina threatens secessionCompromise tariff drafted by Henry Clay

Wilmot Proviso (1847) plan that would prohibit slavery in the territory gained from Mexico (southwest ordinance)

6Handout QuestionsName the parties (3) and candidates (2) running for president in 1848, who won?

Name the parties(2) and candidates (2) running for president in 1852, who won?

Name the parties (3) and candidates (3) running for president in 1856, who won?

Compromise of 1850Created by Henry Clay (with the help of Stephen Douglas)California admitted as a free stateWestern territories organized without mention of slaveryAbolished slave trade in Washington D.C.More effective fugitive slave laws established

8Bell RingerWho was known as the Great Compromiser?What was the fugitive slave law?What does it mean to secede?Why did the South hate tariffs?How many slave states and free states were there after the Missouri Compromise?What state was admitted with the Compromise of 1850?Underground Railroad (1830-1860)Led by Harriet TubmanSystem of houses (stations) and secret routes to help slaves escape

Abolition Movement groups in the North opposing slavery

Uncle Toms Cabin (1852)Book by Harriet Beecher StoweContained stories she had heard from runaway slavesConvinced many Northerners of the evil of slavery

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Popular sovereignty allowed citizens of a state to decide whether or not it would allow slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)Repealed the Missouri CompromiseAllowed both territories to use popular sovereigntyBleeding Kansas wars fought in Kansas between pro-slavery and anti-slavery groupsCreated by Stephen Douglas

12Bell RingerWho won the election of 1848?Who won the election of 1852?In what year was the Wilmot Proviso?Name to two different groups of Whigs.What was a fire eater?What was a doughface?

Republican Party formed (1854)Platform: Stop the spread of slavery

Dred Scott Decision (1857)Dred Scott v. SanfordSlave named Dred Scott claimed freedom because his owner took him to a free stateCourt ruled that slaves were propertyConstitution and citizenship did not apply to slaves and free blacksCongress had no right to restrict slavery from territories (UNCONSTITUTIONAL)

14Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)Abe Lincoln vs. Stephen DouglasBoth running for U.S. Senator from IllinoisDebates based on slavery and state issuesDouglas (Democrat) argued for popular sovereigntyLincoln (Republican) argued against expanding slaveryDouglas wins electionLincoln: A house divided against itself cannot stand.

Freeport Doctrine (Stephen Douglas)stated that free states could still discourage slavery by refusing to pass laws that protect slavery

15John Browns Raid (1859)Brown and his followers try to start slave revolution (Harpers Ferry, VA)Brown was quickly tried and hanged

16Election of 1860Stephen Douglas (Northern Democrat) favored popular sovereignty

John Breckenridge (Southern Democrat) favored Dred Scott Decision

John Bell (Constitutional Union Party) goal was to keep Union together

Abraham Lincoln (Republican) stop the expansion of slavery

Lincoln wins

December 1860 South Carolina secedes (withdraws)

By February 1861, seven states are seceding

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February 4, 1861 Confederate States of America is establishedJefferson Davis chosen as President

April 12, 1861 Confederates bombard Ft. Sumter, SC; Civil War begins

CONFEDERATE STATES South Carolina, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas, Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina

BORDER STATES (Slave states still in the Union) Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri and later, West Virginia (broke from Virginia, June 1861; became a state June 1863)

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