1. Changes Lectures were far too long and way too complicated Importance of topic misplaced to fit essay

2. HOA 9/20 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Turn in Think Tank Forms Turn in Textbook Assignment From Friday A Brief History of Slavery Causes of the Civil War (part 1) VideoJohn Quincy Adams and Andrew Why did slavery exist in the South and not in the North? (Write in Notebook) 3. Warm Up (Possible Answers) South couldnt get free-labor to work on plantations North had other industry Climate in South good for plantation agriculture 4. A Brief History of Slavery and Abolitionism 5. Discussion Question How long has slavery existed? 6. Slavery Slavery has existed since the beginning of civilization But, Slavery in America was distinctly different In the 18th and 19th Centuries, there were three new developments. 1. Enslavement by race 2. Theory of White Supremacy 3. Abolitionism (movement to end slavery) 7. Triangular Trade 8. The Middle Passage 9. Where did the Slaves go? Destination Percentage Portuguese America 38.5% British America (minus North America) 18.4% Spanish Empire 17.5% French Americas 13.6% British North America 6.45% English Americas 3.25% Dutch West Indies 2.0% Danish West Indies 0.3% 10. New Orleans: The Slave Auction 11. Plantation Work 12. Major Crops Grown (in Chronological Order) Sugar Cane (Brazil, Central America, Carribbean) Tobacco (Virginia, North Carolina, Caribbean, Venezuela, Central America) Rice: (South Carolina, Mexico, Brazil) Cotton (American South, Brazil) Coffee (Colombia, Brazil) 13. King Cotton (after 1793) 14. Domestic Work 15. Punishments 16. Abolitionists Religious Leaders were the first critics of slavery in the Americas Franciscans in Latin America Religious Revivalists in the North US and Britain After the Second Great Awakening 17. Tomorrow: We Will Read Some Accounts by Slaves 18. Letter to the President Imagine that you are an abolitionist who lives in the 1850s. Write a 250 word letter to the President asking for him to end the practice of slavery. Describe the history and conditions of slavery. Explain why the practice should be stopped. Quote at least one of the documents we have read. 19. Causes of the Civil War Lecture Part 1--Politics 20. Causes of the Civil War Part 2The West 21. Causes of the Civil War Part 3: Legal 22. The Second Party System (1824- 1860) After the fall of the Federalists, two new parties would emerge after the Monroe Presidency Democrats: Party of Andrew Jackson Support from lower classes Opposed the effects of industrialization Gained support from farmers Popular amongst farmers from the West 23. Whigs Support from upper classes Favored modernization Support from Northeast manufacturers 24. Jacksonian Politics Poor vs. Wealthy Uneducated vs. Educated South and West vs. North Battle of Personalities 25. Video Notes (Separate Sheet of Paper) 1. What 4 candidates split the vote in 1824? Who made a deal? 2.What was the dirtiest campaign in history? 3. Why was Jackson popular with the common man? 4. How did Jackson deal with the nullification crisis? 26. HOA 9/21 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Finish Political Causes of the Civil War Review Questions What were the two political parties of the 2nd party system? [in notebook] 27. The Fall of the 2nd Party System The Democratic Party had relied on a 3-part alliance Southern Slave States The West Immigrants in Northern cities All shared a distaste for the Northeastern business establishment Since the party crossed sectional boundaries, it prevented the isolation of the South 28. The unraveling of the Democratic Party Western Expansion invited settlers trying to remake their lives While some slave owners brought their slaves, most pioneers only brought their fear/hatred of African Americans The Westerners, while still anti-Northeastern, began to view the expansion of slavery as dangerous caused tension within the Democratic Party Meanwhile, the Democratic Party became more identified with Southern slaveowner interests. 29. Split of the Democratic Party The party unraveled in 2 phases 1st Phase Disputes between Western and Southern wings of the party over slavery Many left to join Free-Soilers and Republican Party Democratic Party splits between Northern and Southern wings Northern Democrats nominate Stephen Douglas 30. 2nd Phase 2nd Phase Disputes within the South about how to handle the possible restrictions to slavery in the West. Southern Whigs and Moderate Democrats formed the Constitutional Party the Union as it is, and the Constitution as it is (John Bell) Extreme Southerners who favored expanding slavery into territories that did not want it (Dred Scott decision) or leaving the union nominated John Breckinridge 31. The Breakup of the Whigs The Whig attachment to the Northeast made it a political liability to the West Northern Whigs realized that that a new Party would be needed to unite the North and the West Southern Whigs became alienated from the anti- slavery direction of its Northern wing. 32. Split and Realignment The Whig Party began splitting apart in the 1850s Know Nothing Party (anti-immigrant) Free-Soil Party (Western Party that was against expansion of slavery) In 1856, a new party was created to unite these groups: The Republican Party John C. Fremont lost the 1856 election, but showed that the party was nationally viable. 33. Election of 1856 34. Election of 1860 The Republicans believed they could win the election, especially after Dred Scott and the turmoil in Kansas In choosing a nominee, the Republicans couldnt decide between radical William Seward, Southern sympathizer Samuel Chase, and Know Nothing sympathizer Edward Bates Abraham Lincoln emerged as a compromise candidate. 35. Lincolns Position on the Union and Slavery "My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave I would do it, and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that. What I do about slavery, and the colored race, I do because I believe it helps to save the Union; and what I forbear, I forbear because I do not believe it would help to save the Union. 36. 1860 Election 37. My great concern is not whether you have failed, but whether you are content with your failure. 1816 His family was forced out of their home. He had to work to support them. 1818 His mother died. 1831 Failed in business 1832 Ran for state legislature - lost 1832 Also lost his job - wanted to go to law school but couldn't get in. 1833 Borrowed some money from a friend to begin a business and by the end of the year he was bankrupt. He spend the next 17 years of his life paying off his debt. 1834 Ran for state legislature again - won. 1835 Was engaged to be married, sweetheart died and his heart was broken. 1836 Had a total nervous breakdown and was in bed for six months. 1838 Sought to become speaker of the state legislature - defeated. 1840 Sought to become elector - defeated. 1843 Ran for Congress - lost. 1846 Ran for Congress again - this time he won - went to Washington and did a good job. 1848 Ran for re-election to Congress - lost. 1849 Sought the job of land officer in his home state - rejected. 1854 Ran for Senate of the United States - lost. 1856 Sought the Vice-Presidential nomination at his party's national convention - got less than 100 votes. 1858 Ran for U.S. Senate again against Douglas - again he lost. 38. The 1860 Election Democrats split their votes 3 ways. Republicans stood on a platform of limiting the expansion of slavery into the territories (but NOT eliminating slavery in the South) 2 Separate Elections North Lincoln vs. Douglas South Breckinridge vs. Bell vs. Douglas The Republicans didnt even bother putting Lincoln on the ballot in 7 Southern States 39. HOA 9/22 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Info about rest of week Causes of the Civil War: Par 2, The West Time to Work on HW Why are the 49ers called the 49ers? 40. Point of Monday-Tuesday Lecture in a sentence: When the West joined the North in a political party, there was nothing left to unite the South with the rest of the country. 41. Profile: The South Their system had been under attack since the beginning of the nation Believed that if the system did not expand, it would become extinct. South justified its system in 3 ways: 1. Superior to wage labor 2. What would be done with free African Americans? 3. As a necessary evil 42. Profile: North Many in the North deplored slavery, but a majority took little to no interest. Believed slavery to be a bad system that should not grow. Almost all white Americans were racist: did not want to work with or even live near 43. Band-Aid Solutions Constitutional Convention delayed discussion of slavery to another day. The Union was strong as long as the South could preserve its system and the North didnt have to come into contact with it Western Expansion changed the situation Decisions about if West would be slave or free Northern Whites feared seeing the West being settled by black slaves and plantation owners 44. Causes of the Civil War Part 2The Move West 45. Missouri Compromise (1820) First debate over how West should be settled (Louisiana Purchase). Agreed that all future states south of the 36-30 parallel would be a slave state, as would Missouri Ensured sectional balance 46. The Compromise of 1850 California complicates matters because it is not divided by parallel North says Missouri Compromise doesnt apply to former Mexican territories South threatens to secede Compromise: California enters as a free state More strict fugitive slave law Popular Sovereignty in New Mexico and Utah 47. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) Senator Stephen Douglas proposes extending popular sovereignty to all of the Western Territories This would apply to all new states, INCLUDING THOSE ABOVE THE OLD 1820 COMPROMISE LINE To win the vote, South and North move people into Kansas Bleeding Kansas 48. Pair-share question How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act threaten to upset sectional balance? 49. Basic Theme of Todays Lecture Western Expansion made slavery a central issue. When a sense of balance was threatened, both the North and South became more aggressive. 50. HOA 9/27 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Causes of the Civil War (Legal Changes) lecture Dred Scott Case and Questions Who decides if a law is constitutional? 51. Causes of the Civil War Part 3: Dred Scott Decision 52. Background: Fugitive Slave Laws State Level Basic Fugitive Law: Assisting a known fugitive makes you an accessory to a crime Fugitive Slave Laws: Assisting a runaway slave is an accessory to the crime of stolen property Federal Fugitive Slave Law Fugitive Slave Law of 1793 required states to return slaves and created a $500 fine for helping escaped slaves 53. Federal-State Law Conflict Can California legalize marijuana? Federal Law Marijuana possession is a federal crime. Federal government claims that marijuana is addictive, dangerous, and has no medical value DEA is in charge of enforcing this law State Law Currently, using marijuana for medical reasons is not a crime. Not enforced by the DEA If California did remove the ban on marijuana within its borders city/state police would no longer enforce it. However, the DEA 54. De Jure vs. De Facto De Jure=Legally De Facto=In reality De Jure, marijuana is illegal for all uses in California. De Facto, marijuana can be used with a doctors prescription. 55. Back to Fugitives Federal law required return of runaway slaves (De Jure) Most Northern states had no such law, so it was not enforced. (De Facto) 56. 1850 Fugitive Slave Act Part of 1850 compromise Essentially, would force Western Territories to enforce the law and return slaves to their owners. 57. Answer the Following on Separate Sheet of Paper 1. What was the issue(s) before the court? 2. What was the decision of the court? 3. Based on the decision, what region do you think most of the supreme court justices were from? 4.Do you think the makers of the constitution intended it be interpreted this way? Why or why not? 5. Why do you think this decision was soon followed by the election of Abraham Lincoln? When you are done, summarize the case in your notebooks (titled Dred Scott Case) in 4-6 sentences. 58. Answer the Following on Separate Sheet of Paper 1. What was the issue(s) before the court? 2. What was the decision of the court? 3. Based on the decision, what region do you think most of the supreme court justices were from? 4.Why do you think this decision was so controversial? 5. Why do you think this decision was soon followed by the election of Abraham Lincoln? When you are done, summarize the case in your notebooks (titled Dred Scott Case) in 4-6 sentences. 59. View of the Taney Court All blacks beings of an inferior order, and altogether unfit to associate with the white race, either in social or political relations, and so far inferior that they had no rights which the white man was bound to respect. It would give to persons of the negro race, ...the right to enter every other State whenever they pleased, ...the full liberty of speech in public and in private upon all subjects upon which its own citizens might speak; to hold public meetings upon political affairs, and to keep and carry arms wherever they went. 60. HOA 9/28 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Turn in Dred Scott Case Questions Finish Dred Scott Lecture Reaction to Dred Scott Decision DBQ Start Essays (Due Thursday) How do you think free African-Americans felt about the Dred Scott Decision? 61. Dred Scott Decision Summarize the case in your notebooks Decision African-Americans never were and never could become citizens Ineligible for protection by the law Declared that not returning runaway slaves was against the constitutions protection of property Asserted that Congress could not limit the free- movement of property into territories (invalidating Missouri Compromise) 62. Dred Scott Decision Consequences Remember: country was stable as long as North and South were balanced and neither side felt their way of life was being threatened Decision upset the balance by forcing the North to accept and enforce slavery Meant that the entire West was open to slavery 1. Moved free-soilers closer to the North 2. Encouraged the South to make more aggressive demands 63. HOA 9/29 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Time to Work on Essays Worksheet if you have nothing to do What state was the first to secede? 64. South Carolina 65. Essay Due Thursday Ive given you the information, you need to put it together. Link facts/evidence to main idea in every paragraph Have a clear thesis Proofread and plan Think about why topic is important for conclusion 66. HOA 9/30 Agenda Warm Up Turn in Essays! Warm Up Lincoln Video Civil War Geography Worksheet Bring Textbooks Tomorrow What do you know about Abraham Lincoln? 67. Video Notes 1.What happened at Fort Sumter? 2. Why was Lincoln upset with Fremont? 3. What was the Emancipation Proclamation? 4. Who did Lincoln run against in 1864? 5. What makes Lincoln a great president, according to historians? 68. HOA 10/1 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Finish Map Activity (with questions) Get started on assignment for break Throughout American History, about 1.3 million people have died in combat. How many died in the Civil War? A. 300,000 B. 400,000 C. 500,000 D. 600,000 69. HOA 10/11 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Turn in HW Assignment Pass back essays 54th Massachusetts Begin Glory What determines who wins wars? 70. General Essay Feedback The Good Overall, structure of essays was strongest so far. Almost everyone seems to understand the importance of relating ideas to thesis. Strong use of evidence. Highest average grades so far. Improvements to be made: Avoid crutches: basically, I think, this shows that, In conclusion, Fitting the pieces together. Many were clearly confused about what the Jacksonian Party System was and what the different compromises were about. If you dont understand, reread notes, ask questions, get some more background information Lowest turn in rate so far. (83% 3rd Period, 88% 4th Period, 91% 5th Period) inexcusable 71. War South Carolina seceded, prompting other Southern States to follow President Buchanan did nothing Lincoln declared that he would maintain the union The purpose of the war for the North was to maintain the nation (not end slavery). For the South, the purposewas to get independence from the North so that it will be able to 72. Contraband As Northern armies march into the South, slaves begin rushing to Union lines The slaves are designated as contraband (ceased property) 73. African-American Soldiers In the final year of the war, it will be the influx of African-American soldiers that will turn the tide against the South Would be about 10% of the Union Soldiers Most of these soldiers were ex-slaves 74. The First Regiment In line with the racist thinking of the day, it was thought that African Americans could not fight (or fight well) Massachusetts decided to send an all free-black regiment to the war. They get approval from Lincoln as long as all the officers are white. This will become the 54th Massachusetts. 75. The 54th An abolitionist Robert Gould Shaw was put in charge of the regiment. If African-Americans were going to be allowed to serve in a military capacity, this unit would have to show how well they could fight. 76. Glory (1989) The film Glory portrays the experiences of the 54th Relatively historically accurate Major inaccuracies that arent spoilers The unit was made up almost entirely of free-blacks (including two of Frederick Douglas sons) not ex-slaves The punishment for desertion was death All of the characters except Shaw and some generals are entirely fictional. General Montgomery was actually a 77. HOA 10/12 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up PSAT Tomorrow Periods 1-3 Continue Glory Video What hardships have the soldiers of the 54th faced so far in the movie? 78. HOA 10/13 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Finish Glory North vs. South Brainstorm What does glory mean to you? 79. North-South Compared North South Richer Poorer Mostly drafted Mostly volunteers More weapons Less weapons North had more successful strategy Less successful More diverse Less diverse Mostly Free States All slave states Union Confederacy Colderss, wetter Hotter, humid Factories Plantations North has larger population Smaller Population 80. North-South Compared North South About 4 million potential soldiers (not counting African-Americans) About 1.5 million potential soldiers Few experienced generals prepared to lead an army Stronger military tradition Total population of about 21 million Total Population of about 8 million Developed Industry Almost no industry Strong Navy Almost no navy Would be trying to occupy another land Defending their own land United to preserve the Union United to free themselves from the North No Potential Allies Britain needs Southern cotton, and could enter the war of the Nations wealth of the Nations wealth Had a Government committed to Union Had a Government committed to states rights Spread out from coast to coast All linked together in the South 81. The Confederacy Jefferson Davis elected president of the new country soon after secession A constitution was written that protected slavery and preserved states rights Ironically, the constitution made it difficult for the South to organize its armies Throughout the war, the confederacy suffered from lack of supplies because: The South had little industry when the war began 82. Reading Questions Read 1.A North Carolinian is Defiant, 2.Chiselers in the South, and the 3.The Pinch of the Blockade. 1. What does William W. Holdens editorial show about the difficulty of running a nation that protects states rights so strongly? 2. What evidence is there that people in the South were getting desperate? 3. What economic problems did Southerners have to face during the war? 83. HOA 3rd Period 10/14 Agenda Warm Up Finish Glory Military History of the Civil War Bring Textbooks Tomorrow! What does glory mean to you? 84. HOA 4th Period Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Finish Glory Video Sherman March Document Bring Textbooks Tomorrow! Why was the battle of Gettysburg significant? 85. HOA 5th Period 10/14 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Finish Military History of the Civil War Lecture Sherman March Document Bring Textbooks What was the Souths strategy in the Civil War? 86. HOA 10/18 (3rd Period) Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Turn in Assignments (textbook Reconstruction, Glory Video Response) Military History of the Civil War Lecture Based on the movie Glory, describe a Civil War battlefield. 87. HOA 10/18 (4th Period) Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Turn in Assignments (textbook Reconstruction, Glory Video Response) Sherman DBQ Why was Shermans March significant? 88. Sherman Dooms Atlanta 1. How does Sherman justify his actions? (hint: what does he say about war?) 2. What does Sherman mean when he writes, Now that war comes home to you, you feel very different. 3. According to Sherman, how will peace be achieved? 4. Write an editorial to the Chicago Tribune. Write whether you think Shermans actions are justified. Was Sherman committing a war crime by deliberately disturbing civilians? [About 100 words] 89. HOA 10/18 (5th Period) Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Turn in Assignments (textbook Reconstruction, Glory Video Response) Civil War Politics What is dissent? 90. HOA 10/19 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Politics of the Civil War Lecture Pass out Study Guide Bring Textbooks Tomorrow What is dissent? 91. HOA 10/19 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Politics of the Civil War Lecture Emancipation Proclamation Pass out Study Guide Bring Textbooks Tomorrow Under what circumstances is it ok to go to war? 92. Civil War Politics What is dissent? 93. Dissent To disagree with a majority opinion. To protest. 94. Lincolns Mixed Record on Civil Liberties 2 Issues Suspension of Writ of Habeus Corpus The arrest of Clement Vallandigham 95. Habeus Corpus The Constitution states that you must charge someone with a crime before you hold them in jail. During the war, Lincoln suspended the writ in 9 states in order to stop sabotage How would you justify this action? 96. Lincolns Argument Are all the laws, but one, to go unexecuted, and the government itself go to pieces, lest that one be violated? 97. Clement Vallandigham An outspoken critic of Lincoln and the Republicans Leader of the Peace Democrats (those that wanted an immediate end to the war) General Burnside issues a military order threatening to arrest anyone expressing sympathy for the enemy on the charge of treason Arrests Vallandigham after a political rally 98. Discuss: What is treason? Can words be treason? 99. Vallandighams Arrest Lincoln supports the arrest of Vallandigham. In response to complaints, he writes Must I shoot a simple- minded soldier boy who deserts, while I must not touch a hair of a wiley agitator who induces him to desert? He who dissuades one man from volunteering, or induces one soldier to desert, weakens the Union cause as much as he who 100. In notebooks 1. What limits should there be on a president during wartime? Should there be any? 2. What are the dangers of allowing a president to have unlimited powers during wartime? What are the dangers of not allowing unlimited power? 101. HOA 10/20 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up CAS Meeting Reminder Finish Politics of the Civil War Lecture Finish Emancipation Proclamation Questions Study for Test Why was Lincolns suspension of Habeus Corpus controversial? 102. The 1864 Election Even after Gettysburg, many are weary (tired) of war. Democrats split into 3 factions: War Democrats (Wanted to fully prosecute war; they join the Republicans) Moderate Democrats (Wanted to find a path towards reconciliation) Peace Democrats (Wanted immediate end to the war on any terms 103. Copperheads The Democrats get called copperheads for their position George McClellan (a moderate) is nominated, but Vallandigham writes the party platform (calls for immediate end to the war) 104. The Election Because of recent Confederate victories and overall frustration, Lincoln was not optimistic in the summer of 1864. Lincoln made his cabinet sign a letter stating that they would step down if they lost the election. Shermans capture in October made it clear that the Souths defeat was eminent. Turns out to be a landslide victory 105. 1864 Election 106. The Military Vote 80% of soldiers voted for Lincoln The soldier vote was the difference in the states of New York, Connecticut, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Ohio Why do you think so many soldiers voted for Lincoln? 107. To Turn In: A. List 5 terms from todays lecture that you think are important. B. Create 3 Questions based on the lecture that could be asked on a quiz. C. Create 1 essay question you could write about todays lecture. 108. Emancipation Proclamation 1. What is the Origin of this document? (Who wrote it and when?) 2.What is the Purpose of this document? 3. (see 2nd paragraph) Which slaves will be freed? 4. (see 3rd paragraph) How will states be able to prove to Lincoln that they are NOT in rebellion against the federal government? 5. (see 5th paragraph) Which states slaves were freed? Which states had exceptions? 6. Why do you think Lincoln did NOT free the slaves all at once? Explain your answer. 109. Lincolns Assassination The War officially ends April 9, 1865. Lincoln is killed on the 14th John Wilkes Booth and a group of Southerners originally make a kidnapping plot to force the Union to exchange prisoners of war in March Lincoln gave a speech in which he discussed extending voting rights to African-Americans. This angered Booth and convinced him he had to kill Lincoln. 110. The Assassination Booth (an actor) found out that Lincoln would be seeing a play at a theater he had performed. Booth snuck in the back-door of Fords Theater and coordinated his gunshots with a funny part of the play Booth then yelled Sic Semper Tyrannis (Latin for Thus Always for Tyrants) 111. HOA 10/21 Agenda Warm Up 5 Minute Study Time Discuss Friday- Monday Test Bring Textbooks Friday [5 Minute Study Time Turn in Warm Up Sheets] 112. HOA 10/26 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Turn in Timelines Extra Credit Opportunity Think Tank Forms Due Friday Discuss Work from Friday-Monday Johnson and Grant Presidency Video Reconstruction Lecture What was reconstruction? 113. Video Questions (Johnson-Grant) 1. Why was Johnson selected as Lincolns running mate in 1864? 2. What were Johnsons views of African- Americans? 3. What was the Freedmens Bureau? 4. Why was Grant elected president? 5. What was the Ku Klux Klan? What did Grant do about it? 114. Reconstruction Lecture 115. Reconstruction Goals 1. Unify the Nation 2. Develop the South Economically 3. Establish Racial Equality 116. Lecture Outline I. Wartime Reconstruction II. Postwar Johnson Reconstruction III. Radical Reconstruction IV. Redemption 117. I. Wartime Reconstruction A. Lincolns 10% Plan (1864) 1. States would be readmitted when 10% of the population took a loyalty oath 2. Only most high ranking Confederate officials would be held for treason 118. 2. Wade-Davis Bill (1864) Congress thought Lincoln was too lenient A. 50% of voters had to take oath of allegiance B. Required new state constitutions that accepted 13th amendment 119. 3. 13th Amendment (April 8, 1864) Ended Slavery 120. 4. Freedmens Bureau (1865) Set up during the war to help African-Americans transition to freedom Provided education, healthcare, and redistributed ceased land. 121. Freedmens Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes Plenty to eat and nothing to do. 122. Freedmens Bureau School 123. II. Postwar Johnson Reconstruction A. Offered amnesty upon oath to all except Confederate leaders and wealthy plantation owners B. In new constitutions, they must accept minimum conditions repudiating slavery. 124. The Constitutional Crisis Congress didnt like how Johnson was handling reconstruction Didnt allow Southerners to enter Congress Tried to remove Johnson from office 125. HOA 10/27 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Finish Reconstruction Lecture Birth of a Nation Video Jim Crow Laws Reading Why did Congress try to impeach Andrew Johnson? 126. III. Radical Reconstruction What is a radical? Radical Republicans in Congress wanted to guarantee civil rights for African Americans. A. 14th Amendment Gave federal government the power to protect the constitutional rights of all citizens Applied Bill of Rights to the 127. The Balance of Power in Congress State White Citizens Freedmen SC 291,000 411,000 MS 353,000 436,000 LA 357,000 350,000 GA 591,000 465,000 AL 596,000 437,000 VA 719,000 533,000 NC 631,000 331,000 128. B. Reconstruction Acts of 1867 1. Reconstruction treated as a military occupation 2. New State Constitutions required to ratify the 13th and 14th amendments and give voting rights to African-Americans 3.Congress given the power to protect African- American voters 4. 1868 Election produced first African-American congressmen and senators 129. Black & White Political Participation 130. Black Senate & House Delegates 131. Establishment of Historically Black Colleges in the South 132. 15th Amendment Grants all male citizens over the age of 21 the right to vote Womens rights groups were outraged 133. Redemption and the KKK KKK was founded in 1865 Goal was to intimidate African-Americans and keep them from participating in politics 134. Why the North lost the Peace 1873 Panic People more concerned with jobs than helping African- Americans Corruption scandals tarnished Grant and the Freedmens Bureau Goal of unifying the nation was more important to the North than protecting African-Americans 1877 Hayes-Tilden Compromise: Ended Reconstruction in exchange for Hayes becoming president 135. The Legacy of Reconstruction Failed to develop the Southern economy Sharecropping emerged as a deal between black and white southerners, but became a system of exploitation Southern view shaped perceptions of Reconstruction African-Americans unsuited for equal rights Reconstruction was unjust KKK saved the day Segregation System put in place 136. Birth of a Nation Video Notes 1. Why was Birth of a Nation different than movies that came before? 2. How were African-Americans portrayed in the movie? 3.What did president Wilson think of the movie? 4. What group was made famous for opposing the movie? 5. How did the movie influence African-American film making? 137. To Turn In 1. What caused the conflict between the President and Congress during Reconstruction? 2. How did the Radical Republicans try to get African-Americans equal rights? 3. What allowed whites to recapture the South? 138. OPVL Stands for Origin Purpose Value Limitation Get used to them, because youll do them a lot over the next 2 years! Good way of analyzing primary sources. Will be the method required for your Paper 1 Test in May 2012 The graphic organizer is meant to help you. Obviously, on the test you wont have it. As practice: Always write in complete sentences. Begin each box with The origin of Document A is The purpose of document A is 139. OPVL Origin: Write where the document is from (in terms of people, sources, time) Purpose: Why did the author write the document? What is the main idea? Value: Why is the document important to understanding history? What value is it to historians? What does it tell you about the topic. Limitation: Imagine you had the perfect document that had everything you needed to know about a time period. Explain why the Document X is not perfect. Think about: Emotional state of the author Proximity to event Selective use of information Political Bias Lack of Depth or Detail Limited point of view Translation issues Face Saving Propaganda Purposeful Exaggeration 140. Document A Origin: The origin of Document A is from an announcement by Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863. Purpose: The purpose of Document A was to announce that slaves would be set free in the states that had rebelled against the government. Lincoln aimed to punish the South for rebelling, focus the wars goals on ending slavery in the South, and assure border states that their slaves would remain untouched. 141. Document A Value: Document As value is that it is a direct quote from Lincolns Emancipation Proclamation. It was the law as written. It is evidence that Lincolns goals were not to end slavery directly, but to win the war. The document also is valuable as it is one of the first promises to slaves that they will receive freedom after the war. Limitation: The limitation of Document A is that it is a public pronouncement and therefore does not include a thorough justification, the perspective of those that disagreed with the proclamation (from both pro-slavery and anti-slavery 142. Document F Origin: The origin of Document F is that it was a message adopted by a Black convention in Virginia to be sent to the U.S. Congress in August of 1865 Purpose: Document F had three purposes. One was to let Congress know that abuses were still occurring towards African-Americans. The second was to tell Congress that African-Americans were unhappy with the treatment of former Confederates. The third was to suggest that Congress do something to change the situation. 143. Document F Value: The value of Document F is that it shows the perspective of African-Americans in the South during Reconstruction. It presents how they felt about both how they were being treated and how Southern whites were being treated. It is evidence that African- Americans were becoming organized and were willing to present their positions through legal channels. Limitation: Document F is limited both in its timing and its perspective. It is from the beginning of Reconstruction (1865) so there is no information given about how African-Americans in the South felt about later Reconstruction Plans. Also, the document is limited to participants at a convention without mention of the size or the makeup of that convention. Not only is there no evidence from Southern Whites, this 144. Homer Plessy 145. HOA 11/1 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Compare and Contrasting Documents Preparation for Tomorrows Essay Explain why the Plessy vs. Ferguson case was significant. 146. Compare and Contrast Similarities and Differences Example: Compare and contrast the views expressed in Documents A and B about the end of slavery. Assignment: Compare and contrast the views expressed in Documents E and F about how Reconstruction should be implemented. 147. HW Assignment and Preparation Bring a paper tomorrow that does the following for Documents C and D: 1. Describes where the document is from. 2. Explains what the document is about (purpose) 3. Explains why document would be useful to the study of Reconstruction. Essay Question to be answered in class tomorrow: Using Documents A-F and your knowledge from the class, evaluate how well Reconstruction fulfilled its goals. 148. HOA 11/2 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up In-class essay What was the main idea of Document D? 149. Tips Using Documents A-F and your knowledge from the class, evaluate how well Reconstruction fulfilled its goals. Identify the goals of reconstruction. Then show how those goals were or were not met. Documents D and F show how goals were not met. Documents B and E put focus on a goal that was met (national union) If you are completely lost, for each document, explain its relationship to the goals of Reconstruction. You wont get full points, but you will get some. 150. HOA 11/3 Agenda Wrap Up Benchmark Introduce Immigration Project Brief Immigration Timeline Wrap Up Bring Textbook Tomorrow What are you going to start tonight for your project? 151. HOA 11/4 Agenda Warm Up Warm Up Go over project Go over Immigration Timeline Time to begin project Which immigrant group would you like to present on? 152. Immigration Project Groups Germans Irish Italians Jews Chinese Japanese Mexicans (1820-1954, including those that were already here) Puerto Ricans (to 1954) Filipinos (1900-Present) Vietnamese (to Present) 153. Immigration Project Roles Researcher #1: Researches necessary information. Checks to make sure that all information is accurate. Researcher #2:Researches necessary information. Checks to make sure that all information is accurate. Technology and Design Expert: Makes sure that powerpoint is clear and visually appealing. Must have thorough understanding of Google Docs. Group Leader and Image Finder: Coordinates group and makes sure everyone is on task. Asks questions for the group. Finds suitable images for presentation. Compiles Bibliography. Editor, fact checker and organizer: Plans out how presentation will be presented (both order and substance of slides and who will speak when). Proofreads text to make 154. Brief Immigration History Early Republic No Immigration restrictions Only white immigrants could become citizens Anyone born in US would be citizen 1884: Chinese Exclusion Act (first immigration restriction) 1906: Naturalization Act (Agency set up to deal with immigration. Some knowledge of English required for citizenship) 1907: Gentlemans Agreement (Japanese immigration stopped so that Japanese-Americans wouldnt face 155. Brief Immigration Timeline (cont.) 1921 and 1924: Immigration Acts (set limit on immigrants to U.S. based on percentage of American population from that country in 1880s) 1952: Immigration and Nationality Act (allowed refugees from WWII into US, including East Asia) 1965: Immigration and Nationality Act (Set a total limit for number of immigrants allowed per year and only 20,000 from one country) 1986: Immigration Reform and Control Act (gave amnesty to illegal immigrants who came before 1982) 156. Project Totals Presentation + Peer Review=40 Points 157. HOA 11/10 Agenda HW Turn in Warm Ups From Last Week if You Havent Finish Presentations Peer Reviews