Civil War

United States HistoryMrs. O’Shea

1860 Presidential Election

Abraham Lincoln won• 39% popular vote• 180 electoral votes• not a single electoral vote from

South• Name did not appear on many

southern ballots

1860 ELECTION RESULTS

Southern Secession South Carolina seceded in

Dec. 1860 6 others states followed =

TexasLouisianaMississippiAlabamaFlorida

Georgia Created Confederate States

of America

Fort Sumter• Federal fort outside

Charleston, SC• Federal supply ship shot at by

Confederates• Lincoln wanted to preserve

Union – must protect fort• April 12, 1861 – Confederates

seize fort• Lincoln called on loyal states to

supply 750,000 militiamen to subdue the rebellion.

• Ordered blockade of southern ports.

Battle of Bull Run

• Union troops – not prepared

• Sent by Lincoln to capture Richmond – Confederate capital city

• Met with 32,000 Confederate troops outside of Manassas.

• Union troops were sent running back to Washington, D.C.

IMPORTANCE

• Boosted Confederates morale

• Signaled to Union that they needed to prepare for a real war

CASUALTIES

• Heavy casualties on both sides – killed, wounded, captured, or MIA

• Disease (typhoid fever, dysentery, salmonella, gangrene, malaria)

Casualties (deaths)

Revolutionary War = 4,400

Mexican American War = 13,000

Civil War = 600,000

WWI = 115,000

WWII = 407,000

Korean War = 33,000

Vietnam War = 58,000

War in Iraq = 4,244 (as of February 13, 2009)Really rough estimates – Mrs. O’SheaReally rough estimates – Mrs. O’Shea

Casualties (deaths)

4,400 13,000

600,000

115,000

407,000

4,75033,000 58,000

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100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

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Deaths

Lincoln and Slavery

• “Preserve the Union”

• Personally opposed to slavery

• Came to regard abolishing slavery as a strategy for winning war

• Slave working in field = one more Southerner fighting in

fields

Emancipation Proclamation p. 396• effectively removed any

chance of a negotiated settlement between the North and the South.

• The Emancipation Proclamation caused an outcry to rise from the South who said that Lincoln was trying to stir up slave rebellion.

• The North now had a much stronger moral cause.  It had to preserve the Union and free the slaves.

African Americans in War

• July 1862 – Congress allows African-Americans to join military

• January 1, 1863 – Emancipation Proclamation – encouraged freed slaves to fight

• By 1865 – 180,000 African Americans had enlisted (10% of troops)

• Less pay• Black regiments – white officers• 54th Massachusetts Infantry – bravery in attack on

Ft. Wagner – first medal of honor (Sergeant William Carney) GLORY

Plans to Win!!!

• Union – attacked from West and East – Anaconda Plan (choke them)

• Confederacy – attacked Union through Virginia (scare Northerners – fuel anti-war movement in North)

Advantages – pages 653-655

North South

Advantages

Economic and Military

North South

Gettysburg Address

• Dedication of cemetery• Honors Union soldiers• Expresses grief of nation• Necessity of preserving the Union

http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1512410

North – StrategyAnaconda Plan – General Winfield Scott

Slowly entwine and crush

AntietamAntietam““Bloodiest Single Day of the War”

Union – McClellanCSA - LeeMarylandSeptember 17, 1862

ResultsThe result of the battle was inconclusive but the north did win a strategic

advantage. 23,100 casualties

SignificanceForced the Confederate Army to retreat back across the Potomac River. President Lincoln saw the significance of this and issued the famous

Emancipation on September 22, 1862.

Chancellorsville

Union – Major General Joseph Hooker

CSA – Robert E. Lee, Major General Thomas J. Jackson

Results

Confederate Victory. 24,000 casualties of which 14,000 were Union soldiers.

Significance

Considered to be Lee’s greatest victory

Death of Stonewall Jackson.

Shiloh – “place of peace”

Tennessee

Union - Ulysses S. Grant

CSA – Johnston

Results

Grant was defeated

20,000 casualties on both sides

DraftConfederacy

1862 – ages 18-35 1862 – ages 18-451864 – ages 17-50Exemptions – substitute or $500 in cash

Union1863 – ages 20-45Exemptions - $300 or medical grounds

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

NYC Draft Riots, NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, (July 13-16, 1863)1863)

The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865

The Progress of War: The Progress of War: 1861-18651861-1865

“War is cruelty. The crueler it is, the sooner it

will be over.”

Sherman’s March

• Union General William Sherman’s total war

• GOAL = destroy the Confederacy's ability to wage further war

• 300 mile path of destruction – destroying railroads, bridges, factories, livestock, crops, etc.

• Most likely speed up the ending of the war

ShermanSherman’s’s

“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

ShermanSherman’s’s

“March“Marchto theto theSea”Sea”

throughthroughGeorgia,Georgia,

18641864

South Surrenders

Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House, Virginia (private home – not a court building)

-take horses and go home

-obey laws

April 9, 1865

Lincoln Assassinated

• April 14, 1865

• John Wilkes Booth – wanted to kidnap Lincoln in exchange for Confederate prisoners.

• Changed plans – killed Lincoln

• Ford’s Theater

Execution Execution