class17 broadcast
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TRANSCRIPT
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Extra credit opportunity:
• Broadcast PioneersBroadcast Pioneers event at Annenberg Hall TONIGHT!
• Reporters, editors and executives from 6ABC and other broadcast outlets.
• From 6 until 8 pm in the Annenberg Hall atrium.
• Write a one page description of the event and what you got out of it. Due in hard copy by 3/30.
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Extra credit opportunity:
• “The Internet and Civic The Internet and Civic EngagementEngagement” event at the Liacouras Center on Thursday (3/25).
• Todd Gitlin @ 1:00, panel discussion from 2 to 3.
• Write a one page description of the event and what you got out of it. Due in hard copy by 4/1.
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So you want to be on television, eh?
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Why?
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Television reaches a mass audience.
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98.5 million Americans watched.
And the 2004 Super Bowl was broadcast around the world.
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More than 540,000 people complained to the FCC.
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Why did Janet Jackson’s boobgate cause a stir?
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Technology:
• The event was recorded immediately and clips were aired on stations around the world for days/ weeks/ years.
• The Internet disseminated the images and video.
• YouTube made the video a phenomenon.
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When television was first introduced, it was ephemeral.
It was on air, and then gone. If you missed it, you missed it forever.
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In the old days, we might not have even seen the wardrobe
malfunction.
It happened so fast!
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How is TV different from print?
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How is TV different from print?
• Moving images.
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How is TV different from print?
• Moving images.
• Sound.
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How is TV different from print?
• Moving images.
• Sound.
• TV is a passive activity.
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How is TV different from print?
• Moving images.
• Sound.
• TV is a passive activity.
• Traditional TV was programmed so that TV controlled your viewing habits (whereas, you can grab a print publication anytime).
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Important dates in TV history:
• Philo FarnsworthPhilo Farnsworth transmits moving images in 1927, thus inventing TV.
• RCA shows off their TV at the 1939 World’s Fair.
• The first use of cable television arrives in 1949.
• Satellite programming begins in 1975.• The Fox Network started in 1986.
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By the mid-1950’s, television was ubiquitous.
And it’s influences were enormous!
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Why do you know who these
people are?
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How did TV shape
American culture?
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Good night
and good luck.
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How many of you watch the network news now?
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At least once every day?
Morning shows? At 6:30? Late night?
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Even every once and a while?
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Why?
Why not local news?
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What is the difference between local news and
national news?
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What is the difference between local news and
national news?
National news tries to take specific events
and explain them in-depthexplain them in-depth.
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How did we get to where we are now?
• Stations that transmit over airwaves are regulated Stations that transmit over airwaves are regulated by the FCCby the FCC.
• Cable systems use, well, cables. • CATV - community antenna televisioncommunity antenna television, small town
operations that tapped into major market stations through antennae and cables. This is the root of the modern cable system.
• SatellitesSatellites began replacing antennae in the mid-1970’s, and led to the invention of subscriber-based television.
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Until the arrival of the FOX network in 1986FOX network in 1986, the big three networks nearly had a
monopoly.
The originals: ABCABC, CBSCBS and NBCNBC
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Then came cable.
And the demassification continued.
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So what?
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Demassification.
We have SO many options now.
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Now?
• You have local stationslocal stations.
• You have network servicesnetwork services that provide service to the local stations.
• You have local cable systemslocal cable systems.
• You have national cable networksnational cable networks that service local cable systems.
• And Comcast is taking over the country.
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And there are more than 300 cable networks.
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The two-tier system:
• There are NETWORKSNETWORKS that generategenerate content.
• There are LOCAL STATIONSLOCAL STATIONS and
LOCAL CABLE SYSTEMSLOCAL CABLE SYSTEMS that distributedistribute the content.
(so you have generators and distributors)
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News?LOCAL NEWSLOCAL NEWS:
• Focuses on a geographic region.
• Covers a wide spectrum of events - sports, news, weather, etc.
NETWORK NEWSNETWORK NEWS:• Serves a national
audience.• Focuses on big
stories and trends.
CABLE NETWORK CABLE NETWORK NEWSNEWS: 24/7 coverage of world events.
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TV lingo
• VHFVHF - Very high frequency (channels 2-13).
• UHFUHF - Ultra-high frequency (14-83)
• AffiliateAffiliate - a local station with network connections.
• O & OO & O - owned and operated station (a local station that is owned by the network.
• VODVOD - video on demand.
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VODVOD is the future.
But what does that mean?
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The ramifications of VOD:
• You can watch television anywhereanywhere.
• You can watch television any timeany time.
• You don’t have to watch what is on; your options are almost endlessoptions are almost endless.
• With VOD, you won’t have to watch commercialscommercials ever again (in theory).
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If people aren’t watching commercials, how
will networks survive?
Commercials = moneyCommercials = money
Money = more TVMoney = more TV
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No, really.
They are looking for ways to
make money now that the old system is flying out the
window.
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How does that affect you, the future journalists of the world?
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Journalism is a business.
Ugh. It makes me sick just thinking about it.
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People are slow to change their habits.
And that is why we still have local broadcast news and the evening
network news.
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Local broadcast news won’t be going away.
FOX29 keeps increasing their local news production.
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But the way that broadcast news generates revenue will
likely change.
The same goes for newspapers. And magazines. And radio. And the Internet.
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Joel Stein proposes that product placement is the future.
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Either way, broadcast news is a constant battle for eyes.
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Next class:How do you know what is
good broadcast journalism?
It’s getting harder and harder to find.
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The principles of journalism:
• Journalism’s first obligation is to the truth.
• Our loyalty is to the citizens.
• Journalism is a discipline of verification.
• We must remain independent.
• We must be an independent monitor of power.
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The principles, part II:
• We provide a forum for public criticism and compromise.
• We have a duty to make the significant interesting and relevant.
• We must be comprehensive.
• Journalists must have a conscience.
• Citizens are a vital part of journalism.