Classification and Diversity

All Living things are composed of __________________

Two Types of cells: ________________________ and ______________________

Prokaryotic Cells (_________________)

primitive, means: “________________________”

NO _____________________

Lack ____________________________________

Ex. ________________________ (such as Anthrax or e. coli)

Eukaryotes (you-carry-oats) ,

‘true kernal’ contains a “TRUE _____________________”

Also has ______________________

__________________________: The science of naming and classifying organisms

This scheme consists of different levels of classification, each more

___________________

__________________________________________________________________________

Why Classify Organisms?

To make diversity less overwhelming.

To reflect phylogeny (_____________________________________).

To avoid ambiguity, so there is ___________________________ everyone can use for

identification.

__________________________ among organisms are evident in their names

Classification Systems

The 6 Kingdom system consists of:

________________ ________________ ________________ ________________

________________ ________________

Prokaryotes (Eubacteria and Archeobacteria): No true _________________

________________________

Can either:

_________________________

_________________________ “Blue-green bacteria”

2 types: __________________ and __________________

Shapes: spirella (_______________), cocci (_______________), bacilli (___________________)

Kingdom: Eubacteria:

“___________ bacteria”

Very ________________

Give an example of a Eubacteria:

Kingdom: Archeabacteria

Name means “______________________.”

May be ancestors to eukaryotes

Look almost ________________ to eubacteria, but _____________________ are as

different as plants and animals.

Inhabit _________________________________ such as hot springs and salt

ponds

What is an extremeophile?

Protista:

____________________________ (have a nucleus)

Most are __________________ but some are colonial and even

___________________________

Found almost anywhere there is ______________

There are a wide range of protoctista, including:

______________: unicellular, photosynthetic

plant-like

Algae can be multicellular

Give an example of algae:

some even have differentiated tissues and organs that resemble plants

although they ____________________________________________ and leaves

Or Algae can be unicellular like these __________________

__________________________:

animal like, are mobile, ingest food

Give an example of a protozoan:

Fungi: Get nutrients from

other things

Digest ____________________________

Examples are ________________ and _______________________

What part of the mushroom do you see coming out of the ground?

Plantae: ____________________________

Make their food by __________________________________

4 Types:

1) ______________________________

2) ______________________________

3) ______________________________

4) ______________________________

1) Nonvascular Plants

_______________ and liverworts

Lack vascular tissue (____________________________________)

That’s why they only grow close to the ground in wet areas!!

2) Vascular Seedless Plants

Have tubes for water flow in stems

Seedless ____________________________________ (have spores instead)

3) Vascular Seed plants

Seed Plants: Gymnosperms = “____________________________”

___________________, such as pines, fir, ginkgo trees and

other plants with ___________________.

What are some advantages Vascular Seed Plants have?

4) Flowering plants

Angiosperms = “_________________________________________”

Seed is found within a protective chamber called a _____________.

(in contrast with bearing naked seeds in conifers)

What part of the flower is a fruit?

Animalia:

________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________ and Eukaryotic (has nucleus)

Reproduce ____________________________

Classification of AnimaliaThe Phyla of Animalia

1.

2. Porifera

3. Radiata

4. Platyhelminthes

5. Nematodes (roundworms)

6. Rotifers

7. Mollusks

8. Annelids

9. Arthropods

10. Echinoderms

11. Chordata (back boned)

And some other phyla you just

don’t have to know.

Phylum Porifera:

Lack true ___________________

No real body ______________________________.

Examples are:

Phylum Radiata

Have ______________________________ (barrel shaped)

Examples include:

Draw an example of bilateral symmetry vs. radial symmetry:

Phylum Platyhelminthes

No _______________________________________

Bilateral symmetry:

• they have a ____________________________

• move in _______ direction.

Examples include:

Nematoda

___________________ body cavity.

Gut with _____________ and _____________.

___________________ and __________________ of plants

and animals.

Examples include:

Rotifers

Partial _______________________ also.

True Body Cavities

What is a body cavity?

Phylum Mollusca

Has a muscular “______________”.

Many have ________________.

Includes Classes:

______________________ _______________________ _________________ _________________

(Clams, scallops, oysters) (snails, slugs) (squids, octopuses,

chambered nautilus)

Phylum Annelida

Worms that are composed of ________________________________________.

Examples include:

________________ ___________________________ _____________________

Phylum Arthropoda

Are ___________________________________.

Have __________________________________.

Have joined _____________________________ (limbs).

Include: ___________________ ______________________ ______________________

Examples: (___________________________) (_____________________) (_______________________)

How can you tell an arachnid from an insect?

Phylum Echinodermata

Found at all ocean depths.

All species live only in the _______________.

Many have remarkable powers of ____________________________________.

How can you tell the phylum echinodermata apart from the phylum radiata?

Examples include:

Phylum Chordata

Chordates at some point in their life cycle have:

A _______________________________ (thus the name)

_________________________________

A ________________

Only a few classes of chordates have just a nerve cord:

________________________________

________________________________

The majority of the chordate classes have an actual

________________________ surrounding the nerve cord.

These are called the ______________________________.

The 7 levels in the hierarchy of taxonomy: Write your own mnemonic to help remember the order!

______________________________ _________________________________

Phylum _________________________________

___________________ _________________________________

Order _________________________________

_________________ _________________________________

Genus _________________________________

_________________ _________________________________

Linnaeus’ classification system has ______________ levels.

Each level is ___________________ in the level

______________ it.

Levels get increasingly _________________ from

______________________ to _______________.

What is a species?

______________________________________________

A group of populations whose individuals:

a) have the potential to _____________________________.

b) produce viable, ________________________ offspring in nature.

The binomial system of nomenclature.

“__________________________________________”

Genus (capitalize 1st letter) and species (lower case 1st letter)

both _________________________________________

This is considered an organism or species’ ________________________________________.

Write out the scientific name for humans using the binomial system of nomenclature rules:

Vocabulary