Classification

Do Now How would you organize the following

words?

Steak, football, sausage, chair, table, bacon, sofa, baseball bat, cleats, ham, bookcase

Think – Pair - Share 1. Why do scientists organize or classify

living things?

2. What other systems of classification do you see in daily life?

Turn to a different partner! Try to classify the following into groups. Make a

title to each group!

Violet Onion Honeysuckle Dolphin

Cat Bat Rosemary Oak

Sea Bass Bear Crow Apple

Blackberry Bush

Eel Wolf Owl

Add in the following animals

Does it change your classification at all?

Bacteria Grass Octopus

Amoeba Ring Worm (fungi)

Cactus

Chapter 17.1 Taxonomy

Linnaeus’s system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy. Taxonomy - the science of classification of

organisms Taxon - a grouping in the classification system

Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms,

called binomial nomenclature, gives each species a scientific name with two parts.

The first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species.

Why do we need scientific names? What is the scientific name for humans? Homo sapiens

What is the scientific name for cats? Felis catus

What do you notice about how I write those names?

Writing Scientific Names The first letter of the genus name always

is capitalized If a scientific name is written in a printed

book or magazine, it should be italicized. When a scientific name is written by hand,

both parts of the name should be underlined.

After the scientific name has been written completely, the genus name will be abbreviated to the first letter in later appearances (e.g., C. cardinalis).

How would you write the following names? Species: auratus Genus: carassius

Do Now – write the scientific name for the giraffe.

COMMON NAME: giraffe KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Mammalia ORDER: Artiodactyla FAMILY: Giraffidae GENUS giraffa (one who walks swiftly) SPECIES: camelopardalis (camel marked

like a leopard)

Determining Relationships Originally, Classification was based on

similarities between organisms Now, we classify organisms based on

evolutionary relationships

Classification of Living Things

Taxonomic Categories Each category is contained within another,

and they are arranged from broadest to most specific.

SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION

COMMON NAME: giraffe KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Mammalia ORDER: Artiodactyla FAMILY: Giraffidae GENUS SPECIES: Giraffa (one who walks

swiftly) camelopardalis (camel marked like a leopard)

Do Now Place the following in order of most

specific to least: Phylum Order Species Kingdom Genus Family Domain Class

3 Domains System Archaea - Prokaryotes, extremophiles

(live in extreme environments), no oxygen!

Bacteria – Prokaryotes, very diverse, cell walls made of peptidoglycan.

Eukarya – Eukaryotes (4 Kingdoms)

Kingdom Protista

Organizing Life’s Diversity

Protists are classified into three different groups—plantlike, animal-like, and funguslike.

Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be

unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.

Kingdom Fungi

Organizing Life’s Diversity

A fungus is a unicellular or multicellulareukaryote that

absorbs nutrients from organic materials in its environment.

Member of Kingdom Fungi areheterotrophic, lack motility, and have cell

walls.

Kingdom Plantae

Members of Kingdom Plantae form the base of all terrestrial habitats.

Organizing Life’s Diversity

All plants are multicellular and have cell walls composed of cellulose.

Most plants areautotrophs, but some are heterotrophic.

Kingdom Animalia

All animals are heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes.

Organizing Life’s Diversity

Animal organs often are organized into complex organ systems.

They live in the water, on land, and in the air.

Organizing Life’s Diversity

Conclusion Activity1. Which of these is the highest level of classification?

A. classB. familyC. orderD. phylum

2. The five-kingdom classification system had to be changed to a three-domain, six-kingdom system because of the discovery of _______.

A. fungiB. protistsC. archaebacteriaD. prokaryotes

3. Which kingdom contains heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes?

A. AnimaliaB. FungiC. PlantaeD. Protista

Conclusion Activity1. Which pair of organisms is more closely related? 1. Quercus alba2. Cornus alba3. Quercus rubra

A. 1 and 2B. 2 and 3C. 1 and 3D. Can’t determine

2. Why aren’t mushrooms classified as plants?

A. They are heterotrophs.B. They don’t have cell walls.C. They don’t absorb nutrients from their environment.

D. They lack motility—the ability to move.